LOCATION BREMS                   IN+MI WI

Established Series
Rev. FF-RAB-DAG
01/2017

BREMS SERIES

The Brems series consists of very deep, moderately well drained soils formed in acid sandy outwash and glaciolacustrine deposits on outwash plains, nearshore zones, glacial deltas, and moraines. Slope ranges from 0 to 8 percent. Mean annual precipitation is about 720 mm , and mean annual temperature is about 10 degrees C.

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Mixed, mesic Aquic Udipsamments

TYPICAL PEDON: Brems loamy sand, on a nearly level slope in a cultivated field at an elevation of 237 meters above mean sea level. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)

Ap--0 to 23 cm; dark brown (10YR 3/3) loamy sand, pale brown (10YR 6/3) dry; weak fine granular structure; very friable; common very fine and fine roots throughout; slightly acid; abrupt smooth boundary. (15 to 25 cm thick)

Bw1--23 to 46 cm; brown (7.5YR 4/4) loamy sand; weak fine subangular blocky structure; very friable; few very fine and fine roots throughout; few fine tubular pores; moderately acid; gradual wavy boundary.

Bw2--46 to 69 cm; strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) loamy sand; weak fine subangular blocky structure; very friable; few very fine and fine roots throughout; few fine tubular pores; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.

Bw3--69 to 84 cm; strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) sand; weak medium subangular blocky structure; very friable; few medium distinct brown (7.5YR 4/4) masses of oxidized iron in the matrix; few medium distinct dark brown (7.5YR 3/4) weakly cemented iron-manganese masses throughout; common fine prominent brown (10YR 5/3) iron depletions in the matrix; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.

Bw4--84 to 117 cm; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) sand; single grain; loose; common coarse distinct brown (7.5YR 4/4) masses of oxidized iron in the matrix; few medium distinct dark brown (7.5YR 3/4) weakly cemented iron-manganese masses throughout; common fine prominent light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) and distinct pale brown (10YR 6/3) iron depletions in the matrix; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.

Bw5--117 to 142 cm; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4 and 5/6) sand; single grain; loose; common coarse faint brown (7.5YR 4/4) masses of oxidized iron in the matrix; few medium distinct dark brown (7.5YR 3/4) weakly cemented iron-manganese masses throughout; common medium distinct light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron depletions in the matrix; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.

Bw6--142 to 168 cm; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4 and 5/6) sand; single grain; loose; many medium distinct strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) masses of oxidized iron in the matrix; few medium distinct dark brown (7.5YR 3/4) weakly cemented iron-manganese masses throughout; many medium distinct light gray (10YR 7/2) iron depletions in the matrix; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.

Bw7--168 to 183 cm; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) sand; single grain; loose; common fine distinct strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) masses of oxidized iron in the matrix; common fine distinct light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron depletions in the matrix; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the Bw horizon is 76 to 178 cm.)

BC--183 to 203 cm; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) sand; single grain; loose; common fine distinct light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron depletions in the matrix; strongly acid.

TYPE LOCATION: Elkhart County, Indiana; 2 miles north of Elkhart; 1,920 feet west and 830 feet north of the southeast corner of sec. 10, T. 38 N., R. 5 E.; USGS Elkhart, IN topographic quadrangle; lat. 41 degrees 45 minutes 20 seconds N. and long. 85 degrees 56 minutes 6 seconds W., NAD 27; UTM Zone 16, 588538 easting and 4623190 northing, NAD 83.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Thickness of the solum: 102 to more than 203 cm
Depth to redoximorphic features: below 61 cm
Rock fragment content: 0 to 10 percent throughout the series control section
Particle-size control section: averages more than 25 percent medium and coarser sand
Series control section: total fine sand and very fine sand content averages less than 70 percent

Ap or A horizon:

Value: 3 to 5
Chroma: 2 to 4
Texture: loamy sand, loamy fine sand, sand, or fine sand
Reaction: strongly acid to neutral depending upon liming history

E horizon, where present:

Value: 5 or 6
Chroma: 3 or 4
Texture: loamy sand, loamy fine sand, sand, or fine sand
Reaction: strongly acid to neutral depending upon liming history

Bw horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 4 to 6
Chroma: 3 to 8
Texture: loamy sand, loamy fine sand, sand, or fine sand
Reaction: very strongly acid to moderately acid

BC or C horizon, where present:
Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y
Value: 5 to 7
Chroma: 2 to 6
Texture: loamy sand, sand, loamy fine sand, or fine sand
Reaction: strongly acid to slightly acid

COMPETING SERIES: The Algansee, Altmar, Birchwood, Brockatonorton, Deerfield, Elnora, Fortress, Livonia, Meckling, Morocco, Ottokee, Partridge, Succotash, Tedrow and Zaborosky series are members of the same family. The Algansee, Brockatonorton, Deerfield, Elnora, Livonia, Meckling, Morocco, Ottokee, Tedrow and Zaborosky soils have less than 10 percent rock fragments as a weighted average in the particle size control section, the zone from 25 to 100 cm. Altmar soils have more than 10 percent rock fragments as a weighted average in the particle size control section. Birchwood soils have a dense substratum. Fortress soils contain human transported materials. In addition the Deerfield soils have rock fragments dominated by granite, gneiss and quartzite. The Partridge soils have bedrock at a depth of 50 to 100 cm. Succotash soils are formed in marine sediments.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Brems soils are on outwash plains, nearshore zones, glacial deltas, and moraines. Slope ranges from 0 to 8 percent. Brems soils formed in acid sandy outwash. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 720 to 1067 mm. Mean annual temperature ranges from 9 to 12 degrees C. Frost-free period is 120 to 210 days. Elevation is 177 to 518 meters above mean sea level.

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Denham, Maumee, Morocco, Newton, Osolo, Plainfield, and Tyner soils. Denham soils are deeper than 61 cm (24 inches) to 2 chroma redox depletions and are on higher positions. Maumee and Newton soils are very poorly drained and are in depressions. Morocco soils are somewhat poorly drained and are on slightly lower landform positions. The well drained Osolo soils and the excessively drained Plainfield and Tyner soils are on higher positions.

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Moderately well drained. Depth to the top of an apparent seasonal high water table ranges from 61 to 91 cm for some time in normal years. Potential for surface runoff is negligible or very low. Saturated hydraulic conductivity is high or very high.

USE AND VEGETATION: Soils are mostly used to grow corn, soybeans, and winter wheat. Irrigation is used extensively in some areas. Many areas are used for pasture or woodland. Native vegetation is deciduous forest.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: MLRAs 95A, 95B, 97, 98, 99, 105, 110, 111B, and 111C in northern Indiana, southern Michigan, and central Wisconsin. The series is of large extent.

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: AMHERST, MASSACHUSETTS

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Lake County, Indiana, 1970.

REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon: from the surface to a depth of 23 cm (Ap horizon).
Aquic conditions: redoximorphic features (2 chroma iron depletions) present in all horizons below a depth of 84 cm (Bw4, Bw5, Bw6, Bw7, and BC horizons).
A phase with a surface layer of human transported materials has been correlated. This layer is less than 50 cm thick and of variable textures.
A dense substratum phase is recognized.
A loamy substratum phase is recognized.

ADDITIONAL DATA: Lab characterization for the typical pedon and similar soils is available through the National Cooperative Soil Survey Soil Characterization Database: http://ncsslabdatamart.sc.egov.usda.gov/

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National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.