LOCATION HOWBERT CO+UT
Established Series
Rev. LLC/TWH/SJJ
03/2017
HOWBERT SERIES
The Howbert series consists of very deep, well drained soils that formed in slope alluvium and colluvium. Howbert soils are on mountain slopes and in swales. Slopes range from 3 to 40 percent. Mean annual precipitation is about 16 inches and the mean annual air temperature is about 42 degrees F.
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, frigid Typic Argiustolls
TYPICAL PEDON: Howbert loam, 5 percent slope in grassland at an elevation of 7,800 feet. (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise noted.) Described on September 20, 1990.
A--0 to 3 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist; weak fine granular structure; soft, very friable, slightly sticky, slightly plastic; many very fine and fine roots; many very fine and fine pores; slightly effervescent; 5 percent calcium carbonate equivalent; 5 percent gravel; slightly alkaline (7.4); abrupt smooth boundary. (3 to 15 inches thick)
Ak--3 to 8 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) loam, dark brown (10YR 3/3) moist; weak medium subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable, moderately sticky, moderately plastic; few very fine and fine roots; common very fine and fine pores; slightly effervescent; few fine calcium carbonate masses; 5 percent calcium carbonate equivalent; 5 percent gravel; slightly alkaline (pH 7.6); abrupt smooth boundary. (0 to 7 inches thick)
Btk1--8 to 13 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) clay loam, dark brown (10YR 3/3) moist; weak medium prismatic structure parting to moderate medium subangular blocky; hard, friable, moderately sticky, moderately plastic; few very fine and fine roots; common very fine and fine pores; common faint clay films on faces of peds; slightly effervescent; common fine calcium carbonate masses; 5 percent calcium carbonate equivalent; 5 percent gravel; slightly alkaline (pH 7.6); abrupt smooth boundary.
Btk2--13 to 16 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) clay loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; weak medium prismatic structure parting to moderate medium subangular blocky; hard, friable, moderately sticky, moderately plastic; few very fine and fine roots; common very fine and fine pores; common faint clay films on faces of peds; strongly effervescent; common fine calcium carbonate masses; 5 percent calcium carbonate equivalent; 5 percent gravel; slightly alkaline (pH 7.4); abrupt smooth boundary. (combined Btk horizons: 5 to 10 inches thick)
Bk1--16 to 20 inches; very pale brown (10YR 7/3) loam, yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) moist; weak medium subangular blocky structure; hard, very friable, slightly sticky, slightly plastic; few very fine and fine roots; common very fine and fine pores; strongly effervescent; many fine calcium carbonate masses; 12 percent calcium carbonate equivalent; 5 percent gravel; slightly alkaline (pH 7.8); clear smooth boundary. (4 to 8 inches thick)
Bk2--20 to 26 inches; light gray (10YR 7/2) loam, yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) moist; massive; hard, friable, slightly sticky, slightly plastic; few very fine and fine roots; common very fine and fine pores; violently effervescent; many fine calcium carbonate masses; 16 percent calcium carbonate equivalent; 5 percent gravel; moderately alkaline (pH 8.0); clear smooth boundary.
Bk3--26 to 44 inches; very pale brown (10YR 8/2) loam, light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) moist; massive; hard, friable, slightly sticky, slightly plastic; few very fine and fine roots; common very fine and fine pores; violently effervescent; many fine calcium carbonate masses; 18 percent calcium carbonate equivalent; 5 percent gravel; moderately alkaline (pH 8.0); clear smooth boundary. (combined Bk2 and Bk3 horizons: 12 to 25 inches)
Bk4--44 to 60 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; massive; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky, slightly plastic; few very fine and fine pores; strongly effervescent; few fine calcium carbonate masses; 6 percent calcium carbonate equivalent; 10 percent gravel; moderately alkaline (pH 8.0).
TYPE LOCATION: Teller County, Colorado; located about 6 miles west of Cripple Creek, about 750 feet south and 625 feet west of the northeast corner of sec. 25, T. 15 S., R. 71 W.; High Park USGS quad; lat. 38 degrees 43 minutes 27 seconds and long. 105 degrees 17 minutes 40 seconds, NAD 83.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Soil moisture: The soil moisture control section is usually dry in some part in early summer, moist in some or all parts in late July and August, and intermittently dry in the fall; ustic regime, typic subclass.
Mean annual soil temperature: 42 to 46 degrees F. (5.5 to 8.0 C)
Mean summer soil temperature: 59 to 65 degrees F. (15.0 to 18.3 C)
Thickness of mollic epipedon: 7 to 15 inches (18 to 38 cm)
Depth to secondary carbonates: 3 to 8 inches (8 to 20 cm)
Depth to calcic horizon: 16 to 25 inches (41 to 65 cm)
Depth to argillic horizon: 8 to 13 inches (20 to 33 cm)
Particle-size control section (weighted average):
Noncarbonate clay content: 24 to 35 percent
Sand content: 25 to 45 percent
Rock fragments: 0 to 20 percent gravel or cobble
A horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 4 or 5 dry, 2 or 3 moist
Chroma: 3 or 4 dry, 2 or 3 moist
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 0 to 10 percent
Rock fragments : 0 to 20 percent gravel or cobble
Reaction: neutral or slightly alkaline
Ak horizon (not in all pedons):
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 4 or 5 dry, 2 or 3 moist
Chroma: 3 or 4 dry, 2 or 3 moist
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 2 to 10 percent
Rock fragments : 0 to 20 percent gravel or cobble
Reaction: neutral or slightly alkaline
Btk horizons:
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 4 through 6 dry, 3 or 4 moist
Chroma: 2 through 4 dry, 3 or 4 moist
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 2 to 15 percent
Rock fragments : 0 to 20 percent gravel or cobble
Reaction: slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline
Bk horizons:
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 5 through 8 dry, 4 through 7 moist
Chroma: 2 through 4 dry and moist
Reaction: slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline
Upper Bk:
Textures: loam
Calcium Carbonate Equivalent: 5 to 15 percent
Rock Fragments: 0 to 25 percent gravel or cobble
Middle Bk:
Textures: sandy loam or loam
Calcium Carbonate Equivalent: 15 to 35 percent
Rock Fragments: 0 to 25 percent gravel or cobble
Lower Bk:
Textures: sandy loam or loam
Calcium Carbonate Equivalent: 5 to 15 percent
Rock Fragments: 5 to 25 percent gravel or cobble
COMPETING SERIES: These are the
Absarook,
Archmesa,
Beartooth,
Beeno,
Bielenberg,
Bookcliff,
Burtoner,
Clancy,
Clasoil,
Dooley,
Doughty,
Empedrado,
Fairfield,
Farnuf,
Farside,
Felor,
Greenway,
Gurney,
Hangdo,
Hoppers,
Hyalite,
Jeffcity,
Kokoruda,
Livona,
Martinsdale,
Maudlin,
Meagher,
Moen,
Moento,
Perrypark,
Pianohill,
Placerton,
Reeder,
Reedwest,
Sipple,
Snakejohn,
Sponseller,
Trag,
Tragmon,
Trazuni,
Trujillo,
Ulrant,
Vida,
Watne,
Watrous,
Williams, and
Yegen series.
The
Absarook,
Archmesa,
Beeno,
Burtoner,
Clancy,
Gurney,
Hoppers,
Jeffcity,
Maudlin,
Moen,
Moento,
Pianohill,
Placerton,
Reeder,
Reedwest, and
Watrous soils have a lithic or paralithic contact between 20 to 40 inches.
The
Beartooth soils have between 35 and 60 percent rock fragments in the lower part.
The
Bielenberg,
Bookcliff,
Snakejohn,
Sponseller,
Ulrant soils have a lithic or paralithic contact between 40 to 60 inches.
The
Clasoil,
Farside,
Hangdo,
Hyalite,
Kokoruda,
Perrypark,
Trag, and
Tragmon soils do not have accumulations of secondary carbonates.
The
Dooley,
Doughty,
Meagher, and
Sipple soils have a lithologic discontinuity.
The
Empedrado,
Farnuf,
Felor,
Greenway,
Livona,
Trujillo,
Vida,
Williams, and
Yegen soils lack a calcic horizon.
The
Fairfield and
Watne soils do not have secondary carbonate accumulations throughout the argillic horizon.
The
Martinsdale soils are dry in the soil moisture control section July 15 to August 30.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Parent material: slope alluvium or colluvium
Landform: mountain slopes or swales
Slopes: 3 to 40 percent
Elevation: 7,400 to 9,000 feet
Mean annual air temperature: 40 to 44 degrees F.
Mean annual precipitation: 14 to 20 inches
Precipitation pattern: Monthly precipitation is lowest in winter an greatest in July and August. In Utah, the precipitation pattern is more evenly distributed throughout the year.
Frost-free period: 70 to 100 days.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the
Highpark,
Crystola, and
Corpen series. The Highpark, Crystola, and Corpen soils are shallow. The Highpark soils are on bedrock controlled knobs. The Crystola soils are on mountains. The Corpen soils are on pediments.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: well drained, moderately slow permeability (0.2 to 0.6 in/hr.)
USE AND VEGETATION: These soils are used mainly for grassland and wildlife habitat. Potential native vegetation is mainly Arizona fescue, mountain muhly, Parry's oatgrass, green needlegrass, western wheatgrass, and blue grama.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Central Colorado and Northern Utah; LRR E, MLRA 48A; small extent.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Bozeman, Montana
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Teller County, Colorado, Teller-Park soil survey area, 2010. The name is from an abandoned town site now inundated by Elevenmile Canyon Reservoir. When originally proposed this series was named "High".
REMARKS:
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Series control section: The zone from 0 to 60 inches.
Particle-size control section: The zone from 8 to 16 inches. (Btk1, Btk2 horizons)
Mollic epipedon: The zone from 0 to 13 inches. (A, Ak, Btk1 horizons)
Argillic horizon: The zone from 8 to 16 inches. (Btk1, Btk2 horizons)
Calcic horizon: The zone from 20 to 44 inches. (Bk2, Bk3 horizons)
Frigid temperature regime.
Taxonomic Version: Eleventh edition Keys to Soil Taxonomy, 2010
National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.