LOCATION LOMIRA WI
Established Series
Rev. HFG-AAC
01/2011
LOMIRA SERIES
The Lomira series consists of very deep, well drained soils formed in loess and in the underlying highly calcareous, loamy till. These soils are on ground moraines. Slope ranges from 0 to 20 percent. Mean annual precipitation is about 762 mm (30 inches). Mean annual air temperature is about 8.9 degrees C (48 degrees F).
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Typic Hapludalfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Lomira silt loam - on a 5 percent slope in a cultivated field at an elevation of about 332 meters (1090 feet) above mean sea level. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
Ap--0 to 20 cm (0 to 8 inches); dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silt loam, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary. [13 to 23 cm (5 to 9 inches) thick]
E--20 to 25 cm (8 to 10 inches); brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam, brown (10YR 5/3) dry; weak thick platy structure; friable; pale brown (10YR 6/3) silt coatings; some mixing with material from the Ap horizon by worm and animal activity; slightly acid; clear smooth boundary. [0 to 10 cm (0 to 4 inches) thick]
BE--25 to 36 cm (10 to 14 inches); brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam; moderate and weak fine and medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common distinct pale brown (10YR 6/3) silt coats on faces of peds; moderately acid; clear smooth boundary. [0 to 13 cm (0 to 5 inches) thick]
Bt1--36 to 51 cm (14 to 20 inches); brown (10YR 4/3) silty clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; common faint dark brown (10YR 3/3) clay films on faces of peds; common prominent very pale brown (10YR 7/3) silt coats on faces of peds; strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary.
Bt2--51 to 78 cm (20 to 31 inches); brown (10YR 4/3) silty clay loam; strong medium subangular blocky structure; firm; common distinct dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) clay films on faces of peds; very strongly acid clear wavy boundary. [Combined thickness of the Bt horizon ranges from 33 to 46 cm (13 to 18 inches).]
2Bt3--78 to 86 cm (31 to 34 inches); brown (10YR 4/3) and brown (10YR 5/3) sandy clay loam containing considerable limestone fragments and gravel; weak very coarse subangular blocky structure; friable; few faint and distinct very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) clay films on faces of peds and in pores; neutral; moderately alkaline in some places; abrupt wavy boundary. [5 to 10 cm (2 to 4 inches) thick]
2C--86 to 152 cm (34 to 60 inches); yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) gravelly loam: massive; friable; about 30 percent by volume angular gravel with some channers and flagstones; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline.
TYPE LOCATION: Dodge County, Wisconsin; about 4 miles west of Brownsville, 600 feet south and 1,500 feet west of the northeast corner of sec. 10, T. 13 N., R. 16 E. USGS Mayville North, Wisconsin topographic quadrangle;lat. 43 degrees 36 minutes 56 seconds N., and long. 88 degrees 34 minutes 11 seconds W., NAD 27.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Depth to the base of the argillic horizon: 60 to 102 cm (22 to 40 inches)
Thickness of the loess mantle: 51 to 97 cm (20 to 38 inches)
Depth to carbonates: 51 to 102 cm (20 to 40 inches)
Clay content in the particle-size control section: 25 to 35 percent
Volume of gravel and channers: 2 to 12 percent in the 2Bt horizon; 12 to 60 percent in the 2C horizon
Volume of cobbles and flagstones: 0 to 1 percent in the 2Bt horizon; 1 to 8 percent in the 2C horizon
Reaction: very strongly acid to slightly acid in the loess, neutral in the upper part, where the soil is limed; neutral to moderately alkaline in the 2Bt horizon; moderately alkaline in the 2C horizon
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 60 to 90 percent in the 2C horizon
Ap or A horizon:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 2 to 5, the value dry is 6 or more
Chroma: 2 or 3
Texture: silt loam
E horizon:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 4 or 5
Chroma: 2 or 3
Texture: silt loam.
BE horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 3 to 5
Chroma: 3 or 4, value and chroma of 3 do not occur together
Texture: silt loam.
Bt horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 3 to 5
Chroma: 3 or 4, value and chroma of 3 do not occur togrther
Texture: silt loam, or silty clay loam.
2Bt horizon;
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 4 or 5
Chroma: 3 or 4
Texture: clay loam, sandy clay loam, or loam
Other features:
Many pedons have a thin dark colored layer (Beta B) at the contact between the 2B and 2C horizons that results from the accumulation of organic matter contained in the illuviated material.
2C horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 5 or 6
Chroma: 4 to 6
Texture: sandy loam or loam or the gravelly or very gravelly analogues of these textures
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 60 to 90 percent
COMPETING SERIES: These are the
Bertrand,
Blackhammer,
Camden,
Dodge,
Dubuque,
Fayette,
Flagg,
Greenridge,
Hackers,
Jackson,
Jemerson,
Knowles,
La Farge,
Lambeau,
Martinsburg,
Menfro,
Middletown,
Minnith,
Navlys,
Palermo,
Palsgrove,
Pepin,
Piscasaw,
Ridgway,
Rozetta,
Ruma,
Rush,
Russell,
Seaton, St.
Charles,
Stookey,
Sylvan,
Thebes, and
Yellowriver series. Dubuque and Knowles soils have a lithic contact at 51 to 102 cm (20 to 40 inches). Bertrand and Jackson soils have a silty mantle more than 102 cm (40 inches) thick and do not have carbonates within the series control section and Jackson soils also have redox features and saturation at depths of 102 to 152 cm (40 to 60 inches). Blackhammer soils are stratified in the lower part of the series control section and do not have carbonates there. Camden soils do not have carbonates within the series control section. Dodge and Piscasaw soils have calcium carbonate equivalent ranging from 10 to 40 percent in the lower part of the series control section (2C horizon). Fayette, Martinsburg, Menfro, Rozetta, Seaton, and Stookey soils have more than 50 percent silt throughout the series control section and do not have carbonates or rock fragments there. Flagg soils have hue of 5YR in the lower part of the series control section. Greenridge and Lambeau soils have a paralithic contact at a depth of 114 to 203 cm (45 to 80 inches) and do not have carbonates in the lower part of the series control section. Hackers and Thebes soils do not have carbonates or rock froagments within the series control section. Jemerson soils have more than 50 percent silt throughout the series control section and do not have carbonates there. La Farge soils have a paralithic contact at depths of 51 to 102 cm (20 to 40 inches). Middletown soils have 102 to 152 cm (40 to 60 inches) of loess and do not have carbonates within the series control section. Navlys, Palermo, and Sylvan soils have more than 50 percent silt and no rock fragments throughout the series control section and Palermo soils also have relict redox features in the series control section. Palsgrove soils have a lithic contact at 102 to 152 cm (40 to 60 inches). Pepin soils have a lithic contact at 114 to 203 cm (45 to 80 inches). Ridgway soils have lamellae in the lower part of the series control section. Ruma soils are more than 102 cm (40 inches) deep to the base of the argillic horizon and do not have carbonates within the series control section. Rush, Russell, and St. Charles soils are more than 102 cm (40 inches) deep to the base of the argillic horizon and to carbonates. Yellowriver soils have more than 15 percent sand in the upper part of the series control section and do not have carbonates within the series control section.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Lomira soils typically are on ground moraines. Slope ranges from 0 and 20 percent. These soils formed in loess and in the underlying, highly calcareous loamy till. Mean annual precipitation ranges between 711 to 838 mm (28 and 33 inches). Mean annual temperature ranges between 7.2 to 9.4 degrees C (45 and 49 degrees F).
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the
Leroy and St.
Charles soils. LeRoy soils are on slopes in the Lomira landscape where the silty mantle is less than 51 cm (20 inches) thick. St. Charles soils are on slopes where the silty mantle is more than 102 (40 inches) thick.
DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Well drained. The potential for surface runoff ranges from low to high. Saturated hydraulic conductivity is moderately high to high (4.23 to 14.11 micrometer per second). Permeability is moderate.
USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas of this soil are used for cropland. Common crops are corn, small grain, forage, and canning crops. Some areas are used for pastureland and some for woodland. Native vegetation is mainly deciduous forest composed mainly of oak and hickory.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: MLRAS 95A, and 95B in southeastern Wisconsin. This soil is of moderate extent.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Indianapolis, Indiana
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Dodge County, Wisconsin, 1970.
REMARKS:
10/04- The location given for the typical pedon in the OSD differs from the location given for the same pedon in the published soil survey. The location in the OSD does not fall in or near a map unit of Lomira. The location in the published survey is just outside of a B-slope Lomira map unit. Therefore, this revision uses the location from the published survey after correcting it slightly to place it in the Lomira map unit.
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are: ochric epipedon - 0 to 36 cm (0 to 14 inches) (Ap, E, BE); argillic horizon - 36 to 86 cm (14 to 34 inches) (Bt1, Bt2, 2Bt3)
National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.