LOCATION PALSGROVE IL+IA MN WI
Established Series
Rev. BWR-GOW-JCD
07/2014
PALSGROVE SERIES
The Palsgrove series consists of deep, well drained soils on hill slopes. These soils formed in loess and residuum weathered from limestone. Slope ranges from 2 to 30 percent. The mean annual precipitation is about 890 mm (35 inches), and the mean annual temperature is about 8.3 degrees C (47 degrees F).
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Typic Hapludalfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Palsgrove silt loam on a northwest-facing, linear, 3 percent slope in a currently uncultivated grassy area at an elevation of 264 meters (866 feet) above mean sea level. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
Ap--0 to 28 cm (0 to 11 inches); dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silt loam, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry; moderate fine and medium granular structure; friable; common roots; slightly acid; abrupt smooth boundary. [10 to 31 cm (4 to 12 inches) thick]
Bt1--28 to 43 cm (11 to 17 inches); dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) silty clay loam; weak fine prismatic structure parting to moderate fine and medium subangular blocky; friable; few roots; common distinct brown (10YR 4/3) clay films and few prominent light gray (10YR 7/1) dry, silt coatings on faces of peds; moderately acid; clear smooth boundary.
Bt2--43 to 71 cm (17 to 28 inches); mixed yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) and dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) silty clay loam; weak medium prismatic structure parting to moderate fine and medium subangular blocky; friable; few roots; common distinct brown (10YR 4/3) clay films and few prominent light gray (10YR 7/1) dry, silt coatings on faces of peds; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.
Bt3--71 to 89 cm (28 to 35 inches); mixed yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) and dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) silty clay loam; moderate coarse prismatic structure parting to moderate medium and coarse subangular blocky; friable; few roots; common distinct brown (10YR 4/3) clay films and few prominent light gray (10YR 7/1) dry, silt coatings on faces of peds; moderately acid; clear smooth boundary.
Bt4--89 to 122 cm (35 to 48 inches); mixed yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) and dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) silty clay loam; moderate coarse prismatic structure; friable; few roots; common distinct brown (10YR 4/3) clay on faces of peds; few fine black (7.5YR 2.5/1) iron-manganese oxides masses in the matrix; moderately acid; clear smooth boundary. [Combined thickness of the Bt is 38 to 100 cm (15 to 40 inches).]
2Bt5--122 to 140 cm (48 to 55 inches); mixed reddish brown (5YR 4/4) and dark reddish brown (5YR 3/3) clay; moderate coarse prismatic structure; very firm; few fine and very fine roots; 2 percent cherty gravel; common distinct brown (7.5YR 4/4) clay films on faces of peds; neutral; clear smooth boundary. [5 to 51 cm (2 to 20 inches) thick]
2R--140 cm (55 inches); level bedded dolomitic limestone; upper 8 to 13 cm (3 to 5 inches) partly disintegrated.
TYPE LOCATION: Ogle County, Illinois; about 4 miles north of Grand Detour; 2,355 feet south and 275 feet east of the center of sec. 24, T. 23 N., R. 9 E.; USGS Grand Detour quadrangle; Lat. 41 degrees, 57 minutes, 38 seconds N and Long. 89 degrees, 24 minutes, 15 seconds W; NAD 27.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Depth to the base of the argillic horizon: 102 to 152 cm (40 to 60 inches)
Thickness of the loess: 91 to 127 cm (36 to 50 inches)
Thickness of residuum: commonly 5 to 31 cm (2 to 12 inches), but ranges to 51 cm (20 inches).
Special features: In pedons that have the upper boundary of the residuum at depths less than 102 cm (40 inches), the residuum is less than 15 cm (6 inches) thick.
Depth to a lithic contact with dolomitic limestone: 102 to 152 cm (40 and 60 inches)
Particle-size control section: averages 27 to 35 percent clay and 0 to 8 percent sand
Ap or A horizon:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 2 to 4
Chroma: 1 to 3
Texture: silt loam, but ranges to silty clay loam in severely eroded pedons.
Content of sand: averages 0 to 8 percent
Reaction: moderately acid to slightly alkaline
E or BE horizon:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 4 or 5
Chroma: 2 or 3
Texture: silt loam
Content of sand: averages 0 to 8 percent
Reaction: moderately acid to slightly alkaline
Bt horizon:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 4 or 5
Chroma: 3 or 4
Texture: silty clay loam or silt loam
Reaction: neutral to strongly acid and is at least moderately acid in the most acid part.
2BC or 2Bt horizon:
Hue: 2.5YR, 5YR, 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 3 to 5
Chroma: 3 to 8
Texture: clay
Averages: 55 to 75 percent clay and 10 to 20 percent sand; 1 to 15 percent chert gravel
Reaction: moderately acid to neutral
COMPETING SERIES: These are the
Bertrand,
Blackhammer,
Camden,
Dodge,
Dubuque,
Fayette,
Flagg,
Greenridge,
Hackers,
Jackson,
Jemerson,
Knowles,
La Farge,
Lambeau,
Lomira,
Martinsburg,
Menfro,
Middletown,
Navlys,
Palermo,
Pepin,
Piscasaw,
Ridgway,
Rozetta,
Ruma,
Rush,
Russell,
Sandview,
Seaton,
St. Charles,
Stookey,
Sylvan,
Thebes, and
Yellowriver series. None of the competing soils except Dubuque, Greenridge, Knowles, Lambeau, La Farge and Pepin soils have a lithic or paralithic contact within a depth of 152 cm (60 inches). Dubuque, Knowles, and La Farge soils have a lithic or paralithic contact within a depth of 102 cm (40 inches). Greenridge and Lambeau soils have a paralithic contact within a depth of 203 cm (80 inches). Pepin soils have 18 to 27 percent clay in the particle-size control section.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: The Palsgrove soils are on convex summits, shoulder slopes, and back slopes of loess-covered bedrock-controlled hill slopes. Slopes typically are 3 to 18 percent but range from 2 to 30 percent. Palsgrove soils formed in 91 to 127 cm (36 to 50 inches) of loess and in clayey residuum weathered from limestone. The mean annual temperature ranges from 6.7 to 9.4 degrees C (44 to 49 degrees F), and the mean annual recipitation ranges from 740 to 1020 mm (29 to 40 inches), frost free days range from 140 to 180 days, and elevation ranges from 198 to 412 meters (650 to 1350 feet) above mean sea level.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the
Dubuque,
Elizabeth,
Fayette, and
Nasset soils. Dubuque and Elizabeth soils commonly are on steeper side slopes. Fayette soils are on summits and side slopes in areas of thicker loess. Nasset soils commonly are upslope or farther from the drainageways.
DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Well drained. Surface runoff is medium on gentle slopes and ranges to very high on steeper slopes. Saturated hydraulic conductivity is moderately high to high (4.23 to 14.11 micrometers per second) in the upper part and moderately low to moderately high (0.42 to 1.41 micrometers per second) in the lower part. Permeability is moderate in the upper part and slow in the lower part.
USE AND VEGETATION: Many of the less sloping areas are used to grow corn, small grain, forage crops. Steeper slopes are used as pasture or woodland. Native vegetation is hardwood trees, chiefly oak and hickory.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Northwestern Illinois, southwestern Wisconsin, and southeastern Minnesota. LRRs K and M, MLRAs 95B, 105, 108A, and 108B. These soils are extensive (about 220,000 acres correlated).
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: ST. PAUL, MINNESOTA
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Lafayette County, Wisconsin, 1964.
REMARKS: The Palsgrove soils were formerly a part of the Dubuque, deep phase, and that part of Fayette soils that formed in loess thicker than 42 inches but had B horizons continuing into residuum or that had sola resting directly on limestone. This soil is mapped in unglaciated areas and glaciated areas where the glacial drift is very thin and has not contributed significantly to the regolith.
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon - from a depth of 0 to 28 cm (0 to 11 inches) (Ap horizon)
Argillic horizon -- from a depth of 28 to 140 cm (11 to 55 inches) (Bt1, Bt2, Bt3, Bt4, and 2Bt5 horizons)
Lithic contact at a depth of 140 cm (55 inches) (2R horizon).
ADDITIONAL DATA: Unpublished pedon data for particle size from two pedons are on file in the Illinois
State Office. They are from Winnebago and Ogle Counties.
National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.