LOCATION RUSH                    IN+IL OH WI

Established Series
Rev. JDL-WDH-TJE
11/2021

RUSH SERIES

The Rush series consists of very deep, well drained soils that are deep or very deep to calcareous, stratified sandy and gravelly outwash. The Rush soils formed in loess or other silty material and in the underlying loamy and gravelly outwash. They are on outwash plains, terraces, kames, and eskers. Slope ranges from 0 to 12 percent. Mean annual precipitation is about 965 mm (38 inches), and mean annual air temperature is about 11.1 degrees C (52 degrees F).

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Typic Hapludalfs

TYPICAL PEDON: Rush silt loam, on a 1 percent slope in a cultivated field at an elevation of 236 meters (775 feet) above mean sea level. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)

Ap--0 to 25 cm (0 to 10 inches); dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silt loam, pale brown (10YR 6/3) dry; moderate medium granular structure; friable; many fine roots; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary. [15 to 25 cm (6 to 10 inches) thick]

Bt1--25 to 38 cm (10 to 15 inches); dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) silt loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine roots; common fine pores; common distinct dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) clay films on faces of peds; slightly acid; clear smooth boundary.

Bt2--38 to 61 cm (15 to 24 inches); dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) silty clay loam; moderate medium and coarse subangular blocky structure; firm; common fine roots; common fine pores; common distinct dark brown (10YR 3/3) clay films on faces of peds; moderately acid; clear smooth boundary.

Bt3--61 to 86 cm (24 to 34 inches); brown (7.5YR 4/4) silty clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; few fine roots; few fine pores; common distinct yellowish red (5YR 4/6) clay films on faces of peds; few clean sand grains; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. [Combined thickness of the Bt horizon is 36 to 86 cm (14 to 34 inches).]

2Bt4--86 to 117 cm (34 to 46 inches); brown (7.5YR 4/4) clay loam; moderate medium and coarse subangular blocky structure; firm; few fine pores; common distinct dark reddish brown (5YR 3/3) clay films on faces of peds; 3 percent gravel; very strongly acid; abrupt wavy boundary. [10 to 51 cm (4 to 20 inches) thick]

3Bt5--117 to 135 cm (46 to 53 inches); dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) gravelly loam; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; firm; common distinct dark reddish brown (5YR 3/2) clay films on faces of peds; 30 percent gravel; neutral; clear wavy boundary. [0 to 38 cm (0 to 15 inches) thick]

3BC--135 to 157 cm (53 to 62 inches); dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) very gravelly sandy loam; massive; friable; 40 percent gravel; slightly alkaline; clear wavy boundary. [0 to 31 cm (0 to 12 inches) thick]

3C--157 to 178 cm (62 to 70 inches); brown (10YR 5/3) very gravelly coarse sand; single grain; loose; 40 percent gravel; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline.

TYPE LOCATION: Montgomery County, Indiana; about 2 miles north and 2 miles east of Crawfordsville; 2,500 feet east and 1,848 feet south of the northwest corner of sec. 22, T. 19 N., R. 4 W.; USGS Darlington, Indiana topographic quadrangle; lat. 40 degrees 04 minutes 40.21 seconds N. and long. 86 degrees 51 minutes 26.04 seconds W., NAD 27; UTM Zone 16, 512171 easting and 4436411 northing, NAD 83.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Thickness of the solum: 102 to 203 cm 40 to 80 inches)
Thickness of the loess or silty material: 61 to 102 cm (24 to 40 inches)
Depth to the 3Bt or 3C material: more than 102 cm (40 inches)

Ap horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 4 or 5
Chroma: 2 or 3
Texture: silt loam
Reaction: strongly acid to neutral depending on liming history

A horizon, where present:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 2 or 3
Chroma: 1 to 3
Texture: silt loam
Reaction: strongly acid to neutral depending on liming history

Bt horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 4 or 5
Chroma: 3 to 6
Texture: silt loam or silty clay loam
Clay content: 22 to 30 percent
Reaction: very strongly acid to slightly acid

2Bt horizon:
Hue: 5YR to 10YR
Value: 4 or 5
Chroma: 3 to 6
Texture: loam, clay loam, or sandy clay loam or the gravelly analogues of these textures
Clay content: 20 to 30 percent
Rock fragment content: 0 to 20 percent
Reaction: very strongly acid to slightly acid

3Bt horizon:
Hue: 5YR to 10YR
Value: 4 or 5
Chroma: 3 to 6
Texture: gravelly or very gravelly analogues of loam, sandy clay loam, or sandy loam
Clay content: 15 to 25 percent
Rock fragment content: 15 to 45 percent
Reaction: strongly acid to neutral in the upper part, slightly acid or neutral in the lower part

3BC horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 4 or 5
Chroma: 4 to 6
Texture: gravelly to extremely gravelly analogues of sandy loam, coarse sandy loam, or loamy coarse sand
Rock fragment content: 15 to 75 percent
Reaction: neutral or slightly alkaline

3C horizon:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 5 or 6
Chroma: 2 to 4
Texture: gravelly to extremely gravelly analogues of loamy sand, loamy coarse sand, sand, or coarse sand; thin strata of sand or coarse sand are in many pedons
Rock fragment content: 15 to 75 percent
Reaction: slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline; carbonates are present

COMPETING SERIES: These are the Bertrand, Blackhammer, Camden, Dodge, Dubuque, Fayette, Flagg, Greenridge, Hackers, Jackson, Jemerson, Knowles, La Farge, Lambeau, Lomira, Martinsburg, Menfro, Middletown, Navlys, Palermo, Palsgrove, Pepin, Piscasaw, Ridgway, Rozetta, Ruma, Russell, Seaton, St. Charles, Stookey, Sylvan, Thebes, and Yellowriver series. Bertrand, Camden, Fayette, Flagg, Jackson, Martinsburg, Menfro, Middletown, Navlys, Palermo, Piscasaw, Ridgway, Rozetta, Ruma, Russell, Seaton, Stookey, Sylvan, Thebes, and Yellowriver soils contain less than 15 percent rock fragments in the lower part of the series control section. Blackhammer soils are stratified in texture and color throughout the argillic horizon. Dodge and Lomira soils have carbonates within a depth of 102 cm (40 inches). Dubuque, Knowles, La Farge, and Palsgrove soils have a lithic or paralithic contact within a depth of 152 cm (60 inches). Greenridge soils have dominant hue yellower than 10YR or gleyed hues in the lower part of the series control section. Hackers soils have less than 15 percent rock fragments in the lower part of the solum. Jemerson soils have a mean annual soil temperature at 51 cm (20 inches) of more than 55 degrees F, and have redox depletions in the lower part of the series control section. Lambeau soils have less than 20 percent clay in the lower part of the argillic horizon. Pepin soils have subhorizons within the argillic horizon with more than 30 percent clay. St. Charles soils are deeper than 102 cm (40 inches) to horizons with more than 20 percent sand.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Rush soils are on outwash plains, terraces, kames, and eskers. Slope ranges from 0 to 12 percent. The soils formed in 61 to 102 cm (24 to 40 inches) of loess or other silty material and in the underlying loamy and gravelly outwash. They are deep or very deep to the calcareous, stratified sandy and gravelly outwash. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 813 to 1067 mm (32 to 42 inches). Mean annual air temperature ranges from 9.4 to 12.2 degrees C (49 to 54 degrees F).

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Fox, Mahalasville, Ockley, Waynetown, and Westland soils. The well drained Fox and Ockley soils are on similar landform positions and have more sand in the upper part of the sola. The poorly drained or very poorly drained Mahalasville and Westland soils are in depressional areas and drainageways, have a mollic epipedon, and have more sand in the upper part of the sola. Mahalasville soils have gravelly substrata where they are mapped in association with the Rush soils. The somewhat poorly drained Waynetown soils are on slightly lower positions.

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Well drained. The potential for surface runoff is negligible to medium. Saturated hydraulic conductivity is moderately high or high (4.23 to 14.11 micrometers per second) in the solum, moderately high and very high (4.23 to 42.34 micrometers per second) in the lower part of the solum, and very high (141.14 micrometers per second or more) in the underlying material. Permeability is moderate in the upper part of the solum, moderate or moderately rapid in the lower part of the solum, and very rapid in the underlying material.

USE AND VEGETATION: Commonly cropped to corn, soybeans, and wheat. Some areas are used for hay and or woodland. Native vegetation is hardwood forests, mainly oaks.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Indiana, Ohio, and Illinois; MLRAs 95B, 108A, 110, 111A, 111B, 111C, and 111D. The type location is in MLRA 111D. The series is of moderate extent.

SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (SSRO) RESPONSIBLE: AMHERST, MASSACHUSETTS

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Vermillion County, Indiana, l930.

REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon: from the surface to a depth of 25 cm (10 inches) (Ap horizon).
Argillic horizon: from a depth of 25 to 135 cm (10 to 53 inches) (Bt, 2Bt, 3Bt horizons).

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National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.