LOCATION WILLIAMSBURG            OH

Established Series
Rev. AR-DRM-TEL
11/2021

WILLIAMSBURG SERIES

The Williamsburg series consists of very deep, well drained soils formed in loess or silty alluvium and the underlying stratified outwash of silty and loamy material with some gravel. These soils are on high terraces. Slope ranges from 0 to 25 percent. Mean annual precipitation is about 1092 mm (43 inches), and mean annual air temperature is about 12 degrees C (54 degrees F).

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, mixed, active, mesic Ultic Hapludalfs

TYPICAL PEDON: Williamsburg silt loam, on a convex, 2 percent slope in a cultivated field. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)

Ap--0 to 20 cm (0 to 8 inches); brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam, pale brown (10YR 6/3) dry; weak medium and fine subangular blocky structure; friable; slightly acid; abrupt smooth boundary. [15 to 23 cm (6 to 9 inches) thick]

E--20 to 30 cm (8 to 12 inches); brown (10YR 5/3) silt loam; weak fine and medium subangular blocky structure; friable; moderately acid; clear wavy boundary. [0 to 20 cm (8 inches) thick]

BE--30 to 41 cm (12 to 16 inches); yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silt loam; moderate medium and fine subangular blocky structure; friable; many distinct pale brown (10YR 6/3) clay depletions on faces of peds; few fine dark iron and manganese concretions; moderately acid; clear wavy boundary. [0 to 18 cm (7 inches) thick]

Bt1--41 to 56 cm (16 to 22 inches); dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) silt loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few faint brown (7.5YR 4/4) clay films on faces of peds; few faint brown (7.5YR 5/4) clay depletions on faces of peds; common fine dark iron and manganese concretions; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. [0 to 25 cm (10 inches) thick]

2Bt2--56 to 86 cm (22 to 34 inches); brown (7.5YR 4/4) loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; common faint brown (7.5YR 4/4) clay films on faces of peds; few faint brown (7.5YR 5/4) clay depletions on faces of some peds; common fine dark iron and manganese concretions; 2 percent fine rounded gravel; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.

2Bt3--86 to 112 cm (34 to 44 inches); brown (7.5YR 4/4) clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; common faint brown (7.5YR 5/4) clay films on faces of peds; common faint brown (7.5YR 5/4) clay depletions on faces of peds; common fine dark iron and manganese concretions; 5 percent fine rounded gravel; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.

2Bt4--112 to 178 cm (44 to 70 inches); brown (7.5YR 4/4) gravelly clay loam; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; firm; many distinct dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) clay films on faces of peds and coating sand grains and gravel; common fine dark iron and manganese concretions; 25 percent fine gravel; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. [Combined thickness of the 2Bt horizon is 91 to 173 cm (36 to 68 inches).]

2C--178 to 203 cm (70 to 80 inches); stratified yellowish brown (10YR 5/4), dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4), and pale brown (10YR 6/3) gravelly loam and gravelly sandy loam with lenses of silt loam and silty clay loam; massive; very friable; 25 percent gravel; moderately acid in the upper part and weakly effervescent, slightly alkaline in the lower part.

TYPE LOCATION: Clermont County, Ohio, about 5 miles southeast of Batavia, in Batavia Township; about 1,680 feet east of the intersection of Elklick Road and Williamsburg-Bantam Road, along Williamsburg-Bamtam Roan, then about 5,940 feet north; USGS Batavia, Ohio topographic quadrangle; lat. 39 degrees 01 minute 10 seconds N. and long. 84 degrees 08 minutes 06 seconds W., NAD 27.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Thickness of the solum: 152 to 229 cm (60 to 90 inches)
Thickness of the silty mantle: 30 to 61 cm (12 to 24 inches)
Particle-size control section: averages 25 to 35 percent clay
Rock fragments: water rounded, fine sized

Ap horizon:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 4 or 5 (6 or 7 dry)
Chroma: 2 to 4
Texture: silt loam
Sand content: 1 to 15 percent
Rock fragment content: 0 to 2 percent
Reaction: commonly very strongly acid to moderately acid but ranges to slightly acid

A horizon, where present:
Thickness: 5 to 10 cm (2 to 4 inches)
Hue: 10YR
Value: 3 (4 or 5 dry)
Chroma: 1 or 2
Texture: silt loam
Sand content: 1 to 15 percent
Rock fragment content: 0 to 2 percent
Reaction: commonly very strongly acid to moderately acid but ranges to slightly acid

E horizon:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 4 to 6
Chroma: 2 to 4
Texture: silt loam
Sand content: 1 to 15 percent
Rock fragment content: 0 to 2 percent
Reaction: very strongly acid to moderately acid

BE, Bt/E, or Bt horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 4 or 5
Chroma: 3 to 6
Texture: silt loam or silty clay loam
Sand content: 1 to 15 percent
Rock fragment content: 0 to 2 percent
Reaction: very strongly acid to moderately acid

2BE or 2Bt/E horizon, where present:
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 4 or 5
Chroma: 3 to 6
Texture: dominantly loam, clay loam, sandy clay loam, or the gravelly analogs of these textures, but individual subhorizons range to sandy clay or gravelly sandy clay
Rock fragment content: 2 to 10 percent
Reaction: very strongly acid to moderately acid

2Bt horizon, or 2BC horizon where present:
Hue: 5YR, 7.5YR, or 10YR
Value: 4 to 6
Chroma: 3 to 6
Texture: dominantly loam, clay loam, sandy clay loam, or the gravelly analogs of these textures, but individual subhorizons range to sandy clay or gravelly sandy clay
Rock fragment content: 2 to 34 percent
Reaction: very strongly acid to moderately acid

2C horizon:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 4 or 5
Chroma: 2 to 4
Texture: commonly gravelly analogs of loam, sandy loam, or sandy clay loam; many pedons have thin layers of silt loam, silty clay loam, loam, loamy coarse sand, or sandy loam
Rock fragment content: 2 to 34 percent
Reaction: moderately acid to slightly alkaline

COMPETING SERIES: These are Alanthus, Athol, Cateache, Culleoka, Door, Duffield, Dumfries, Ebbing, Frondorf, Grayford, Hayter, Kell, Lamotte, Legore, Loudonville, Manassas, Mechanicsburg, Middleburg, Morrison, Myersville, Oatlands, Panorama, Sowego (T), Spriggs, Sudley, Westmoreland, and Wheeling series. Alanthus, Dumfries, Ebbing, Legore, Manassas, Mechanicsburg, Middleburg, Sudley, Westmoreland, and Wheeling soils are less than 152 cm (60 inches) to the base of the argillic horizon. Athol soils have hue redder than 10YR in the upper part of the series control section. Cateache, Culleoka, Frondorf, Grayford, Kell, Loudonville, Myersville, Oatlands, Panorama, Sowego, and Spriggs soils have a lithic or paralithic within a depth of 152 cm (60 inches). Door soils have an umbric epipedon. Duffield, Hayter, and Lamotte soils do not have water rounded rock fragments in the lower part of the series control section. Morrison soils average more than 15 percent sand in the upper part of the series control section.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Williamsburg soils are generally on relatively high terraces along streams. The streams are within areas of Illinoian age materials but originate in areas of Wisconsinan Age materials. Slope ranges from 0 to 25 percent. The soils formed in a mantle of loess or silty alluvium 30 to 61 cm (12 to 24 inches) in thickness and the underlying stratified silty and loamy outwash or alluvium with some gravel. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 1016 to 1143 mm (40 to 45 inches). Mean annual air temperature ranges from 12 to 13 degrees C (53 to 55 degrees F).

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Sardinia soils in a partial toposequence with the Williamsburg soils and the Avonburg, Cincinnati, Clermont, Fox, Jonesboro, Nicely, Ockley, Rossmoyne, Schaffer, and Westboro soils. The moderately well drained Sardinia soils are in lower lying topographic positions. Avonburg, Cincinnati, Clermont, Jonesboro, Nicely, Rossmoyne, Schaffer, and Westboro soils formed in loess over till on the nearby Illinoian till plain. Fox and Ockley soils formed in outwash over stratified sands and gravels and are on lower terrace levels.

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Well drained. The potential for surface runoff is negligible to low on the nearly level slopes ranging to high on the steeper slopes. Saturated hydraulic conductivity is moderately high. Permeability is moderate.

USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas are in cropland. Corn, wheat, soybeans, and grass legume mixtures are the principal crops. Some areas are in tobacco. A small proportion is used for permanent pasture or woodland. Native vegetation is deciduous forest with hard maple, oaks, and hickory the principal species.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Southwestern Ohio; MLRA 114A. The series is of small extent with a total of about 4000 acres.

SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (SSRO) RESPONSIBLE: AMHERST, MASSACHUSETTS

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Clermont County, Ohio, 1923.

REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon: from the surface to a depth of 41 cm (Ap, E, BE horizons.;
Argillic horizon: from a depth of 41 to 180 cm (Bt, 2Bt horizons).
Lithologic discontinuity: at 56 cm (top of the 2Bt horizon).

ADDITIONAL DATA: Characterization data are available for a pedon sampled near the type location in profile CL-4 from The Ohio State University Soil Characterization Laboratory.

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National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.