LOCATION BIGBOW KS+OK
Established Series
JM-SCH-SLM
03/2016
BIGBOW SERIES
The Bigbow series consist of very deep, well drained, moderately permeable soils that formed in loamy, eolian loess deposits of Holocene age. These soils are on level to gently sloping plains and interdunes of the Southern High Plains, Northern part (MLRA 77A). Slope ranges from 0 to 5 percent. Mean annual precipitation is about 460 mm (18 in) and mean annual air temperature is about 13 degrees C (55 degrees F).
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Aridic Haplustalfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Bigbow fine sandy loam - on a 2 percent linear slope in cropland at approximately 975 m (3199 ft) elevation. (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise stated.)
Ap--0 to 28 cm (0 to 11 in); brown (10YR 5/3) fine sandy loam, brown (10YR 4/3), moist; weak fine granular structure; slightly hard, friable, nonsticky, nonplastic; common fine roots throughout; noneffervescent; neutral, pH 6.8; abrupt smooth boundary. (Thickness of the A horizon is 10 to 41 cm [4 to 16 in])
Bt--28 to 58 cm (11 to 23 in); brown (10YR 5/3) clay loam, brown (10YR 4/3), moist; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky, slightly plastic; common fine roots throughout; many fine moderate-continuity discontinuous tubular pores, few faint dark brown (10YR 3/3) distinct clay films on faces of peds; noneffervescent; slightly alkaline, pH 7.6; clear smooth boundary. (Thickness of the Bt horizon is 20 to 76 cm [8 to 30 in])
2Bk1--58 to 105 cm (23 to 41 in); pale brown (10YR 6/3) clay loam, brown (10YR 5/3), moist; weak medium subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable; common fine roots throughout; many fine moderate-continuity discontinuous tubular pores; 3 percent medium irregular white (10YR 8/1) carbonate masses throughout; strongly effervescent (13 percent calcium carbonate equivalent); moderately alkaline, pH 8.1; gradual smooth boundary.
2Bk2--105 to 137 cm (41 to 54 in); very pale brown (10YR 7/3) clay loam, brown (10YR 5/3), moist; weak medium prismatic structure parting to weak medium subangular blocky; common fine roots between peds; many fine and medium discontinuous tubular pores; 3 percent fine cylindrical white (10YR 8/1) carbonate threads throughout; violently effervescent (15 percent calcium carbonate equivalent); moderately alkaline, pH 8.3; clear smooth boundary. (Combined thickness of 2Bk and 2Btk horizons (where present): 61 to 145 cm [24 to 57 in])
2Bk3--137 to 202 cm (54 to 80 in); pale brown (10YR 6/3) loam, yellowish brown (10YR 5/4), moist; weak medium prismatic structure parting to weak medium subangular blocky; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky, slightly plastic; common fine roots between peds; many fine and medium discontinuous tubular pores; 10 percent distinct carbonate coats on faces of peds; 3 percent fine spherical white (10YR 8/1) carbonate threads throughout; violently effervescent (6 percent calcium carbonate equivalent); moderately alkaline, pH 8.4; gradual smooth boundary.
TYPE LOCATION: Morton County, Kansas; about 3 miles north and 3 miles east of Rolla; 2340 ft (713 m) east and 1075 ft (327 m) north of the Southwest corner of Section 16, Township 33S, Range 39W.
USGS topographic quadrangle: Rolla NE, KS
Latitude: 37 degrees, 10 minutes, 7 seconds N
Longitude: 101 degrees, 33 minutes, 57 seconds W
Datum: NAD83
Decimal Degrees
Latitude: 37.17333
Longitude: -101.56583
UTM Easting: 272201 m
UTM Northing: 4117184 m
UTM zone 14S
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Solum thickness: more than 203 cm (80 in)
Thickness of ochric epipedon: 10 to 41 cm (4 to 16 in)
Depth to discontinuity: 50 to 100 cm (20 to 40 in)
Depth to secondary calcium carbonate: 10 to 100 cm (4 to 40 in)
Depth to calcic horizon (where present): 105 to more than 200 cm (42 to more than 80 in)
Particle-size control section (weighted average):
Silicate clay: 18 to 35 percent
A or Ap horizon:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 4 to 6, 3 to 5 moist
Chroma: 3 or 4 dry or moist
Texture: loamy fine sand, fine sandy loam
Effervescence: none
Reaction (pH): slightly acid to slightly alkaline (6.1-7.8)
Bt and Btk horizons:
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 3 to 6, 3 to 5 moist
Chroma: 2 to 4 dry or moist
Texture: fine sandy loam, loam, sandy clay loam, and clay loam
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 0 to 5 percent
Effervescence: none to strong
Reaction (pH): neutral to moderately alkaline (6.6-8.4)
2Bk and/or 2Btkb horizons:
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 3 to 7, 2 to 6 moist
Chroma: 2 to 6 dry or moist
Texture: silt loam, clay loam, silty clay loam, or silty clay
Visible calcium carbonate: 1 to 15 percent as coatings, masses, and nodules
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 5 to 20 percent
Effervescence: slight to violent
Reaction (pH): slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline (7.4-8.4)
3Bk 3BCk, and 3C horizons (where present):
Hue: 5YR to 10YR
Value: 4 to 7, 3 to 6 moist
Chroma: 3 to 8 dry or moist
Texture: loamy fine sand, sandy loam, fine sandy loam, sandy clay loam, clay loam, or silt loam
Visible calcium carbonate: 1 to 8 percent as coatings, masses, and nodules
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 1 to 15 percent
Effervescence: slight to violent
Reaction (pH): slightly alkaline to strongly alkaline (7.4-8.4)
COMPETING SERIES: These are the
Arnor (NM),
Arwite (WY),
Augustine (NM),
Bosonoak (NM),
Carri (AZ),
Celacy (NM),
Celavar (NM),
Dalhart (OK),
Deekay (WY),
Dermala (NM),
Elwop (WY),
Evpark (NM),
Flugle (NM),
Fort Collins (CO),
Gateson (WY),
Iwela (NM),
Lykorly (AZ),
Navajita (NM),
Nyjack (NM),
Oldwolf (WY),
Olnest (CO),
Orlie (NM),
Parkelei (NM),
Pinitos (NM),
Rauzi (WY),
Ribera (NM),
Rockybutte (WY),
Stoneham (CO),
Toluca (MY), and
Wagonhound(WY).
Arnor,
Arwite,
Augustine,
Bosonoak,
Carri,
Celacy,
Celavar,
Deekay,
Dermala,
Elwop,
Evpark,
Flugle,
Fort Collins,
Gateson,
Iwela,
Lykorly,
Navajita,
Nyjack,
Oldwolf,
Olnest,
Orlie,
Parkelei,
Pinitos,
Rauzi,
Ribera,
Rockybutte,
Stoneham,
Toluca, and
Wagonhound soils: have mean annual air temperature less than 55 degrees F
Dalhart soils: do not have a lithologic discontinuity
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Parent material: loamy eolian sediments and silty loess of Holocene and late Pleistocene age
Landscape: Tableland
Landform: Plains and interdunes on sand sheets
Slope: 0 to 5 percent
Soil moisture: An ustic moisture regime bordering on aridic. The soil moisture control section is dry in some or all parts for more than 180 but less than 205 days, cumulative, in normal years. July through August and December through February are the driest months. These soils are intermittently moist in September through November and March through June.
Mean annual air temperature: 12 to 14 degrees C (53 to 57 degrees F)
Mean annual precipitation: 381 to 584 mm (15 to 23 in)
Frost-free period: 170 to 200 days
Elevation: 750 to 1430 m (2460 to 4700 ft)
Thornthwaite annual P-E Index Values: 25 to 36
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the
Belfon,
Canina,
Dalhart,
Eva,
Forgan,
Hugoton,
Lautz,
Optima,
Vorhees, and
Zella soils.
Belfon soils: are on similar positions and have a mollic epipedon
Canina soils: are on slightly higher positions, have a fine-silty particle-size class, and a calcic horizon above 100 cm (40 in)
Dalhart soils: are on slightly higher positions and do not have a lithologic discontinuity
Eva soils: are on higher positions and have a coarse-loamy particle-size class
Forgan soils: are on similar positions, have a mollic epipedon, and do not have a lithologic discontinuity
Hugoton soils: are on similar positions, have a mollic epipedon, and a fine-silty particle-size class
Lautz soils: are in lower positions, have a mollic epipedon, and have a fine particle-size class
Optima soils: are on higher positions, and have a sandy particle-size control section
Vorhees soils: are on higher positions, and have a calcic horizon within 100 cm (40 in) of the soil surface
Zella soils: are on similar positions, have a mollic epipedon, and have a fine particle-size class with a COLE of 6.0 cm or more to a depth of 100 cm (40 in)
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY:
Drainage: Well drained
Permeability: moderate
Runoff: negligible on 0 to 1 percent slopes, and low on 1 to 5 percent slopes
USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas of Bigbow soils are cultivated. Some of the acreage is irrigated. Wheat and grain sorghum are the principal dryland crops. Where irrigated, the principal crops are wheat, grain sorghum, corn, and alfalfa. Native vegetation is short and mid prairie grasses.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Southwest Kansas and the Oklahoma Panhandle (MLRA-77A in LRR H). The soil moderately extensive.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Temple, Texas
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Morton County, Kansas; 1996
REMARKS:
Series revised as part of the SDJR initiative, (SLM 02/2016)
New type location chosen to reflect correct surface texture for map unit.
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon: 0 to 28 cm (0 to 11 in) (Ap horizon)
Argillic horizon: 28 to 58 cm (11 to 23 in) (Bt1 horizon)
Lithologic discontinuity: 58 to 202 cm (23 to 80 in) (2Bk1, 2Bk2, and 2Bk3 horizons)
ADDITIONAL DATA: KSSL data available, S1992KS129002 and S1993KS129007 (TL), (Morton County, Kansas).
Taxonomic Version: Keys to Soil Taxonomy, Twelfth Edition, 2014.
National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.