LOCATION DALHART OK+KS TX
Established Series
Rev. EHT-SLM
03/2016
DALHART SERIES
The Dalhart series consists of very deep, well drained, moderately permeable soils that formed in loamy eolian sediments of Holocene age. These nearly level to moderately sloping soils occur on sandsheets and interdunes of the Southern High Plains, Northern Part (MLRA 77A). Slope ranges from 0 to 8 percent. Mean annual air temperature is 13 degrees C (55 degrees F), and mean annual precipitation is about 460 mm (18 in).
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Aridic Haplustalfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Dalhart loamy fine sand--on a 2 percent convex slope in rangeland at an elevation of about 1309 m (4295 ft). (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise noted.)
Ap--0 to 13 cm (0 to 5 in); brown (7.5YR 5/4) loamy fine sand, dark brown (7.5YR 3/4), moist; weak medium granular structure; slightly hard, very friable; many fine and medium roots throughout; noneffervescent; slightly alkaline, pH 7.6; clear smooth boundary.
A--13 to 29 cm (5 to 11 in); brown (7.5YR 5/4) fine sandy loam, dark brown (7.5YR 3/4), moist; weak medium subangular blocky structure; hard, friable; common fine roots throughout; noneffervescent; moderately alkaline, pH 7.6; clear wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the Ap and A horizons is 10 to 43 cm [4 to 17 in])
Bt--29 to 62 cm (11 to 24 in); brown (7.5YR 5/4) sandy clay loam, brown (7.5YR 4/4), moist; moderate very coarse prismatic structure parting to moderate medium and fine subangular blocky; very hard, friable; common fine and medium roots between peds; many fine tubular pores; many faint clay films on vertical faces of peds; many fine worm casts throughout; noneffervescent; slightly alkaline, pH 7.7; clear wavy boundary. (Thickness of the Bt horizon is 15 to 76 cm [6 to 30 in])
Btk1--62 to 83 cm (24 to 33 in); brown (7.5YR 5/4) loam, brown (7.5YR 4/4), moist; moderate coarse prismatic structure parting to weak medium subangular blocky; hard, friable; very few fine roots; common medium and few coarse tubular pores; few faint clay films on faces of peds; common distinct carbonate coats in root channels and pores; common fine worm casts throughout; few fine and medium spherical weakly cemented carbonate nodules and many medium spherical extremely weakly cemented carbonate masses throughout; strongly effervescent (9 percent calcium carbonate); moderately alkaline, pH 8.1; gradual wavy boundary.
Btk2--83 to 112 cm (33 to 44 in); brown (7.5YR 5/4) loam, brown (7.5YR 4/4), moist; weak coarse prismatic structure parting to weak medium and fine subangular blocky; hard, very friable; very few fine roots between peds; common medium tubular pores; few carbonate coats in root channels and pores; few clay films on faces of peds; few fine threadlike and common medium irregular carbonate masses; strongly effervescent (6 percent calcium carbonate); moderately alkaline, pH 8.1; gradual wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the Btk horizon is 15 to 106 cm [6 to 42 in])
2Btk--112 to 152 cm (44 to 60 in); yellowish red (5YR 5/6) sandy loam, yellowish red (5YR 4/6), moist; weak coarse prismatic structure parting to weak medium and fine subangular blocky; hard, very friable; very few fine roots between peds; common medium tubular pores; few carbonate coats in root channels and pores; few clay films on faces of peds; few fine threadlike carbonate masses and common medium spherical carbonate masses; strongly effervescent (4 percent calcium carbonate); moderately alkaline, pH 8.2; gradual wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the 2Btk horizon is 18 to 71 cm [7 to 28 in])
2BCk--152 to 209 cm (60 to 82 in); reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) fine sandy loam, yellowish red (5YR 5/6), moist; weak coarse prismatic structure; hard, very friable; few medium tubular pores; few fine threadlike carbonate masses; very slightly effervescent (1 percent calcium carbonate); moderately alkaline, pH 8.4; clear wavy boundary.
TYPE LOCATION: Cimarron County, Oklahoma; about 8 miles west and 1 mile south of the courthouse in Boise City, Oklahoma; 2640 ft (805 m) south and 800 ft (244 m) east of the northwest corner of section 20, Township 3N, Range 4E (Cimarron Meridian.)
USGS topographic quadrangle: Boise City NW, Oklahoma
Latitude: 36 degrees, 42 minutes, 43.32 seconds N
Longitude: 102 degrees, 39 minutes, 29.68 seconds W
Datum: NAD83
Decimal Degrees
Latitude: 36.71203
Longitude: -102.65825
UTM Easting: 709160 m
UTM Northing: 4065484 m
Datum: UTM Zone 13S
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Solum thickness: more than 203 cm (80 in)
Thickness of ochric epipedon: 10 to 43 cm (4 to 17 in)
Thickness of argillic horizon: 31 to 175 cm (12 to 69 in)
Depth to discontinuity: greater than 100 cm (40 in)
Depth to secondary calcium carbonate: 25 to 168 cm (10 to 66 in)
Depth to calcic horizon (where present): 105 to more than 200 cm (42 to more than 80 in)
Particle-size control section (weighted average):
Silicate clay: 18 to 30 percent
Ap and A horizons:
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 4 or 5, and 3 to 4 moist
Chroma: 2 to 4 moist or dry
Color features: where this horizon meets the color requirements of a mollic epipedon, it fails to meet the thickness and organic carbon requirements
Texture: loamy fine sand or fine sandy loam
Effervescence: none
Reaction (pH): neutral or slightly alkaline (6.6-7.8)
Bt horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 4 or 5, and 3 or 4 moist
Chroma: 2 to 4 moist or dry
Texture: loam, sandy clay loam, or clay loam
Effervescence: none
Reaction (pH): neutral or slightly alkaline (6.6-7.8)
Btk horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 5 to 7, and 4 to 6 moist
Chroma: 3 or 4 moist or dry
Texture: fine sandy loam, loam, sandy clay loam, or clay loam
Identifiable secondary carbonates: amount-1 to 15 percent; size- fine to coarse; kind-masses and nodules; location-throughout
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 2 to 13 percent
Effervescence: slight to violent
Reaction (pH): slightly or moderately alkaline (7.4-8.4)
2Btk horizon:
Hue: 5YR to 10YR
Value: 5 to 7, and 4 to 6 moist
Chroma: 3 to 6 moist or dry
Other features: where hue is 7.5YR or redder and chroma is 6 or greater, the silicate clay content of the argillic horizon decreases from its maximum by greater than 20 percent within a depth of 150 cm (59 in). The redder hues are more common in the western portions of the series extent.
Texture: fine sandy loam, loam, sandy clay loam, or clay loam
Identifiable secondary carbonates: amount-1 to 15 percent; size- fine to coarse; kind-masses and nodules; location-throughout
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 2 to 13 percent
Effervescence: strong or violent
Reaction (pH): moderately alkaline (7.9-8.4)
2BCk, 2Bk, and C horizons (where present):
Hue: 5YR to 10YR
Value: 5 to 7, and 4 to 6 moist
Chroma: 3 to 6 moist or dry
Texture: loamy fine sand, fine sandy loam, loam, or sandy clay loam
Identifiable secondary carbonates: amount-1 to 25 percent; size-fine to very coarse; kind-masses, nodules, and finely disseminated carbonates; location-throughout
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 5 to 25 percent
Effervescence: strong or violent
Reaction (pH): moderately alkaline (7.9-8.4)
COMPETING SERIES: These are the
Bigbow,
Fort Collins,
Olnest, and
Stoneham soils. Similar soils are the
Ady,
Amarillo,
Dallam,
Grandfield,
Miles,
Patricia, and
Seagraves soils.
Ady soils: have mean annual soil temperatures greater than 15 degrees C (59 degrees F); and formed in ancient alluvium
Amarillo and
Patricia soils: have mean annual soil temperatures greater than 15 degrees C (59 degrees F); and do not have a 20 percent or greater decrease in silicate clay from maximum clay content within 150 cm (60 in) of the soil surface
Bigbow soils: have a discontinuity within 100 cm (40 in) of the soil surface
Dallam soils: do not have a 20 percent or greater decrease in silicate clay from maximum clay content within 150 cm (60 in) of the soil surface
Fort Collins soils: formed in alluvium with a thin mantle of eolian deposits and have up to 15 percent gravels throughout
Grandfield and
Miles soils: have mean annual soil temperatures greater than 15 degrees C (59 degrees F); and are moist in the soil moisture control section for longer periods
Olnest soils: formed in mixed alluvium and eolian materials and have up to 10 percent gravels throughout
Stoneham soils: formed in mixed alluvium and eolian materials and have up to 15 percent gravels throughout
Seagraves soils: have mean annual soil temperatures greater than 15 degrees C (59 degrees F); formed in sandy eolian over loamy lacustrine deposits; and are moist in the soil moisture control section for longer periods
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Parent material: loamy eolian sediments of Holocene age
Landscape: Tableland
Landform: Interdunes and Sand Sheets
Slope: 0 to 8 percent
Soil moisture: An ustic moisture regime bordering on aridic. The soil moisture control section is dry in some or all parts for more than 180 but less than 205 days, cumulative, in normal years. July through August and December through February are the driest months. These soils are intermittently moist in September through November and March through June.
Mean annual air temperature: 12 to 14 degrees C (53 to 57 degrees F)
Mean annual precipitation: 381 to 584 mm (15 to 23 in)
Frost-free period: 170 to 200 days
Elevation: 750 to 1250 m (2460 to 4100 ft)
Thornthwaite annual P-E Index Values: 25 to 36
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Balko (T),
Belfon,
Bigbow,
Canina,
Conlen,
Dumas,
Eva,
Forgan,
Hansford,
Hugoton,
Knoblaw,
Lautz,
Optima,
Oslo,
Plack,
Sophia (T), Twichell (T),
Vorhees, Waka (T), and
Zella soils.
Balko, Twichell and
Zella soils: occur in slightly lower positions, have mollic epipedons, and have greater than 35 percent clay in the particle-size control section
Belfon soils: occur on similar positions, have a mollic epipedon, and have a fine or fine-silty discontinuity within 100 cm (40 in) of the soil surface
Bigbow soils: occur on similar positions; and have a fine or fine silty discontinuity within 100 cm (40 in) of the soil surface
Canina soils: occur on slightly higher positions and have a fine-silty particle-size class
Conlen soils: occur in lower positions and have carbonatic mineralogy
Dumas and
Forgan soils: occur on similar positions and have mollic epipedons
Eva and
Vorhees soils: occur on higher positions and have less than 18 percent clay in the particle-size control section
Hansford,
Knoblaw, and
Lautz soils: occur in lower playa positions and have greater than 35 percent clay in the particle-size control section
Hugoton soils: occur in slightly lower positions, have a mollic epipedon, and have a fine-silty particle-size class
Optima soils: occur on higher positions and have a sandy particle-size class
Oslo and
Sophia soils: occur in lower positions, have a mollic epipedon, a fine-silty particle-size class, and calcic horizons within 100 cm (40 in) of the soils surface
Plack soils: occur in lower positions and have a petrocalcic horizon within 50 cm (20 in) of the soil surface
Waka soils: occur in lower drainage positions, have a mollic epipedon, and a fine-silty particle-size class
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY:
Drainage class: well drained
Permeability: moderate
Runoff: negligible on slopes less than 1 percent, low on 1 to 5 percent slopes, and moderate on 5 to 8 percent slopes
USE AND VEGETATION: These soils are mainly used for crop production. Wheat and grain sorghums are the principal crops. Some areas are used for livestock grazing. Native vegetation is mixed grasses.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Southern High Plains, Northern Part (MLRA 77A in LRR H) of Kansas, Oklahoma, and Texas. The series is extensive.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Temple, Texas
SERIES ESTABLISHED: The Mansker Soil Conservation Demonstration Project, northeastern New Mexico; Union County, New Mexico, l938.
REMARKS: This is a Benchmark soil series.
Series revised as part of the SDJR initiative (SLM 03/2016). A new OSD site was chosen to better represent the series characteristics.
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon: 0 to 29 cm (0 to 15 in) (Ap, A horizons)
Argillic horizon: 29 to 152 cm (15 to 60 in) (Bt, Btk1, Btk2, and 2Btk horizons)
Secondary carbonates: 62 to 209 cm (24 to 82 in) (Btk1, Btk2, 2Btk, and 2BCk horizons)
Lithologic discontinuity: 112 cm (44 in)
ADDITIONAL DATA: KSSL laboratory data available, S1985OK025003 (TL-Cimarron County, Oklahoma).
Taxonomic Version: Keys to Soil Taxonomy, Twelfth Edition, 2014.
National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.