LOCATION BRANDER            WI
Established Series
Rev. DTS-HFG-DJH
04/2002

BRANDER SERIES


The Brander series consists of very deep, moderately well drained soils which are moderately deep to stratified sandy outwash. These soils formed mostly in loess or silty alluvium underlain by stratified sandy outwash. Typically they are on outwash plains, valley trains, and stream terracesbut some are on glacial lake basins and moraines. Permeability is moderate in the silty and loamy mantle and rapid or very rapid in the sandy outwash. Slopes range from 0 to 3 percent. Mean annual precipitation is about 30 inches. Mean annual air temperature is about 42 degrees F.

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-silty over sandy or sandy-skeletal, mixed, superactive, frigid Oxyaquic Glossudalfs

TYPICAL PEDON: Brander silt loam - on a plane, south facing 1 percent slope in a cultivated field at an elevation of about 1,235 feet. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)

Ap--0 to 10 inches; dark brown (10YR 3/3) silt loam; pale brown (10YR 6/3) dry; moderate medium granular structure; friable; many very fine and fine roots; moderately acid; abrupt smooth boundary. (6 to 10 inches thick)

E/B--10 to 17 inches; 70 percent brown (10YR 5/3) silt loam (E), very pale brown (10YR 7/3) dry; moderate medium platy structure; friable; extends as tongues into or surrounds remnants of yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silt loam (Bt); moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common very fine and fine roots; about 1 percent gravel; moderately acid; gradual wavy boundary. (0 to 12 inches thick)

B/E--17 to 22 inches; 60 percent yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silt loam (Bt); moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few faint dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) clay films on faces of peds; penetrated by tongues of brown (10YR 5/3) silt loam (E), very pale brown (10YR 7/3) dry; moderate medium platy structure; friable; common very fine and fine roots; about 1 percent gravel; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. (Glossic horizon - 0 to 12 inches thick)

Bt1--22 to 29 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) silt loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few very fine and fine roots; few distinct brown (7.5YR 4/4) clay films on faces of peds; common medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; about 1 percent gravel; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.

Bt2--29 to 32 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silt loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few very fine and fine roots; few distinct brown (7.5YR 4/4) clay films on faces of peds; common medium distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions and common medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) masses of iron accumulation; about 2 percent gravel; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. (0 to 15 inches thick)

2Bt3--32 to 35 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/4) gravelly loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine roots; few faint brown (7.5YR 4/3) clay films on faces of peds; common medium distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; about 16 percent gravel; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. (0 to 4 inches thick)

3C--35 to 60 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) stratified gravelly coarse sand and coarse sand; single grain; loose; few fine faint strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; about 20 percent gravel as an average; moderately acid.

TYPE LOCATION: Clark County, Wisconsin; about 5 miles north and 2 miles west of Withee; 2500 feet south and 1000 feet west of the northeast corner of sec. 8, T. 29 N., R. 2 W.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Depth to the base of the argillic horizon, thickness of the silty mantle, and depth to sandy outwash all range from 20 to 40 inches. The weighted average clay content of the argillic horizon ranges from 18 to 27 percent and the weighted average content of fine or coarser sand is less than 15 percent. Volume of gravel ranges from 0 to 5 percent in the silty mantle and from 0 to 40 percent in the loamy lower subsoil (transition zone). Volume of gravel averages from 3 to 45 percent in the stratified sandy outwash as a weighted average but ranges from 0 to 65 percent in individual strata. Volume of cobbles ranges from 0 to 5 percent throughout. Reaction typically ranges from very strongly acid to slightly acid throughout the pedon but ranges to neutral in the upper part, where the soil is limed. Redoximorphic concentrations are within a depth of 40 inches. Redoximorphic depletions with chroma of 2 or less are below the upper 10 inches of the argillic horizon. Aquic conditions occur within 40 inches but below the upper 10 inches of the argillic horizon.

The Ap horizon has hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 3 to 5, and chroma of 2 or 3. Where moist value is 3, dry value is greater than 5.5. Uncultivated pedons have an A horizon with hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 2 or 3, and chroma of 1 or 2.

Some pedons have an E horizon with hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 2 or 3. Colors of 4/3 and 5/3 have value dry of 7 or more. The E horizon is silt loam or silt.

Brander soils have a glossic horizon (E/B or B/E horizons, or both). The E part has color and texture like the E horizon described above. The Bt part has hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 3 to 5 and chroma of 4 to 6.

The Bt horizon has color and texture like the Bt horizon described above. Some pedons with a B/E horizon do not have a Bt horizon.

The 2Bt transition horizon has hue of 5YR, 7.5YR, or 10YR; value of 3 to 6; and chroma of 4 to 6. It is loam, sandy loam, or the gravelly or very gravelly analogs.

Some pedons have a 3Bt or 3BC horizon (2Bt or 2BC horizon in pedons without a loamy transition horizon between the silty mantle and outwash) with hue of 5YR, 7.5YR, or 10YR; value of 4 to 6; and chroma of 3 to 6. It is loamy sand or loamy coarse sand or the gravelly, very gravelly, or extremely gravelly analogs.

The 3C horizon has color like the 3Bt horizon (2C horizon in pedons without a loamy transition horizon between the silty mantle and outwash) described above. It is stratified layers of sand, coarse sand, or the gravelly or very gravelly analogs, but some individual strata may be extremely gravelly.

COMPETING SERIES: There are no competing series. Similar soils are the Billyboy and Brill series. Billyboy soils average 15 percent or more fine sand or coarser and less than 18 percent clay in the argillic horizon. Brill soils are Haplic Glossudalfs that have a perched seasonal water table above the sandy outwash contact for less than 30 days duration.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Parent material: Formed in 20 to 40 inches of loess or silty alluvium underlain by stratified sandy outwash.
Landform: Outwash plain, valley trains, and stream terraces, but some are on glacial lake basins and small outwash areas within moraines.
Slope: 0 to 3 percent.
Elevation: 800 to 1950 feet.
Mean annual air temperature: 39 to 45 degrees F.
Mean annual precipitation: 28 to 33 inches.
Frost-free days: 120 to 135 days.

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Anigon, Blackriver, Brill, Maplehurst, Oesterle, Poskin, Rib, Ribriver, Rosholt, Scoba, and Scott Lake soils.

The well drained Anigon soils, the moderately well drained Brill soils, the somewhat poorly drained Poskin soils, and the poorly drained Rib soils are in a drainage sequence with Brander soils. Anigon and Brill soils are on higher or more sloping landscape positions. Poskin soils are on lower landscape positions. Rib soils are in depressions and drainageways.

The moderately well drained Blackriver and Ribriver soils, and the somewhat poorly drained Maplehurst soils are on nearby landscapes with Brander soils where the silty mantle is more than 40 inches thick. Blackriver soils are on higher landscape positions. Ribriver soils are on similar landscape positions. Maplehurst soils are on lower landscape positions.

The well drained Rosholt soils, moderately well drained Scoba and Scott Lake soils, and the somewhat poorly drained Oesterle soils are on nearby landscapes with Brander soils where the silty mantle is thin or absent. Rosholt soils are on higher or more sloping landscape positions. Scoba and Scott Lake soils are on similar landscape positions. Oesterle soils are on lower landscape positions.

DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Moderately well drained. Surface runoff is medium or low. Permeability is moderate in the silty and loamy mantle and rapid or very rapid in the sandy outwash. Brander soils have an apparent seasonal high water table at a depth of 2.5 to 3.5 feet for one month or more at some time during the period from October to May in normal years.

USE AND VEGETATION: Many areas have been cleared and are used for cropland. Common crops are corn, small grain, and hay. Some areas are used for pastureland or woodland. Native vegetation is dominantly deciduous forest with a few conifers in some areas. Common trees are sugar maple, American elm, red maple, white pine, and white spruce.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Northern and north central Wisconsin. LRR K and MLRA 90B. This soil is of small extent.

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: St. Paul, Minnesota

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Clark County, Wisconsin, 1994.

REMARKS:
Particle size control section - the zone from 17 to 40 inches.
Ochric epipedon - the zone from 0 to 17 inches (Ap, E/B).
Albic horizon - the sone from 10 to 17 inches (E part of the E/B).
Glossic horizon - the zone from 10 to 22 inches (E/B, B/E).
Argillic horizon - the zone from 17 to 35 inches (B/E, Bt1, Bt2, 2Bt3).
Transition zone - the zone between the silty mantle and sandy outwash from 32 to 35 inches (2Bt3).
Redoximorphic concentrations - oxidized color features in the zone from 22 to 60 inches.
Redoximorphic depletions - reduced color features in the zone from 29 to 32 inches and reduced color clay films in the zone from 32 to 35 inches.
Lithologic discontinuity - at the upper boundary of the 2Bt3 horizon at 32 inches and at the upper boundary of the 3C horizon at 35 inches.

ADDITIONAL DATA: Former Soil Interpretation Record - WI0537


National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.