LOCATION BUHRIG                  WA

Established Series
Rev. NCD/EMM/BDG
06/2014

BUHRIG SERIES

The Buhrig series consists of moderately deep, well drained soil formed in residuum and colluvium from igneous and metasedimentary rocks with a mantle of volcanic ash and loess. These soils are on mountain ridges and knobs. Slopes are 5 to 65 percent. The average annual precipitation is about 900 mm, and the mean annual temperature is about 43 degrees F.(6 degrees C.).

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Loamy-skeletal, isotic Haploxerandic Haplocryepts

TYPICAL PEDON: Buhrig very stony loam - woodland. (Colors are for dry soils unless otherwise stated.)

Oi--0 to 1 cm; needles, leaves, twigs, and cones; abrupt smooth boundary. (0 to 5 cm thick)

A--1 to 9 cm; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) very stony ashy loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist; weak fine granular structure; soft, very friable, slightly sticky and nonplastic; weakly smeary; many very fine and fine roots; many fine pores; 10 percent gravel, 20 percent cobbles, and 25 percent stones; NaF pH 11.0; slightly acid (pH 6.4); clear wavy boundary. (7 to 15 cm thick)

Bw1--9 to 19 cm; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) extremely stony ashy loam, brown (7.5YR 4/4) moist; weak fine subangular blocky structure; soft, very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; weakly smeary; many very fine and fine roots; many fine pores; 10 percent gravel, 25 percent cobbles, and 35 percent stones; NaF pH 11.0; slightly acid (pH 6.4); abrupt smooth boundary. (8 to 25 cm thick)

Bw2--19 to 29 cm; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) extremely stony ashy sandy loam, weak fine subangular blocky structure; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) moist; soft, very friable, slightly sticky and nonplastic; weakly smeary; many very fine and fine roots; many fine pores; 10 percent gravel, 25 percent cobbles, and 40 percent stones; NaF pH 10.5; slightly acid (pH 6.4); clear wavy boundary. (8 to 22 cm thick)

2C--29 to 77 cm; light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/4) extremely stony sandy loam, olive brown (2.5Y 4/4) moist; massive; soft, friable, slightly sticky and nonplastic; common very fine and fine roots; common fine pores; 10 percent gravel, 30 percent cobbles, and 40 percent stones; slightly acid (pH 6.4); clear wavy boundary. (30 to 48 cm thick)

2R--77 cm; fractured quartzite.

TYPE LOCATION: Pend Oreille County, Washington; about .25 miles (0.4 km) west of Salmo Mountain Lookout; 2,500 feet (760 meters) south and 2,400 feet (530 meters) west of the NE corner, section 16, T. 40 N., R. 45 E., WM. Latitude - 48 degrees, 58 minutes, 5.03 seconds North; Longitude - 117 degrees, 6 minutes, 19.42 seconds West; UTM Zone 11: 5423911.04 m North, 492286.17 m East, NAD 83; USGS Salmo Mountain Quadrangle.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Soil moisture control section - usually moist, but dry in all parts between 8 and 24 inches (20 and 60 cm) or to the lithic contact for 45 to 60 consecutive days
Mean annual soil temperature - 41 to 46 degrees F.(5 to 8 degrees C.). Depth to lithic contact - ranges from 20 to 40 inches (50 to 100 cm).
Particle-size control section - 50 to 90 percent acid igneous and metasedimentary rock fragments, more than half are cobbles, flags and stones

Estimated properties of the volcanic ash mantle:
Thickness of the volcanic ash - 7 to 14 inches (18 to 35 cm)
Moist bulk density - 0.65 to 0.85 g/cc
Volcanic glass content - 30 to 60 percent
Acid-oxalate extractable Al plus Fe - 1.0 to 2.0 percent
15-bar water retention - 5 to 12 percent.

A horizon
Hue - 10YR or 7.5YR
Value - 4 to 6 dry, 2 or 3 moist
Chroma - 2 to 4 dry or moist
Texture - ashy loam
Clay content - 6 to 18 percent
Rock fragments - 5 to 30 percent gravel, 3 to 25 percent cobbles, 3 to 25 percent stones; 25 to 50 percent total rock fragment content
Reaction - 5.6 to 7.3 (moderately acid to neutral)

Bw horizons
Hue - 7.5YR or 10YR
Value - 5 or 6 dry, 3 to 5 moist
Chroma - 3 or 4, dry or moist
Texture - ashy loam, ashy silt loam, or ashy sandy loam
Clay content - 4 to 18 percent
Rock fragments - 10 to 30 percent gravel, 8 to 30 percent cobbles, 15 to 40 percent stones, and 0 to 10 percent channers; 45 to 65 percent total rock fragment content
Reaction - 5.6 to 7.3 (moderately acid to neutral)

2Bw horizons (present in some pedons)
Hue - 10YR
Value - 5 to 7 dry, 4 or 6 moist
Chroma - 3 or 4, dry or moist
Texture - loam or sandy loam
Clay content - 5 to 18 percent
Rock fragments - 10 to 30 percent gravel, 8 to 25 percent cobbles, 14 to 20 percent stones, 45 to 60 percent total rock fragment content
Reaction - 5.6 to 7.3 (moderately acid to neutral)

2C horizon
Hue - 10YR or 2.5Y
Value - 5 to 7 dry, 3 to 5 moist
Chroma - 2 to 4, dry or moist
Texture - sandy loam
Rock fragments - 10 to 35 percent gravel, 20 to 35 percent cobbles, and 35 to 45 percent stones; Some pedons formed in shaley rock are 20 to 50 percent channers, 5 to 20 percent flagstones and 0 to 5 percent stones, 45 to 70 percent total rock fragment content
Reaction - 5.6 to 7.3 (moderately acid to neutral)

COMPETING SERIES: These are the Buttoncreek, Devore, Finney, Gatewall, Moses, Myerscreek, Remmel, and Surgh series.

Buttoncreek soils - are more than 150 cm deep

Devore soils - have an average annual soil temperature of 35 to 41 degrees F. (1.7 to 5 degrees C.)

Finney soils - are more than 100cm deep to a lithic contact

Gatewall soils - have a densic contact at a depth of 50 to 100 cm

Moses soils - have a paralithic contact at a depth of 50 to 100 cm

Myerscreek soils - have a densic contact at a depth of 50 to 100 cm

Remmel soils - are more than 150 cm deep

Surgh soils - are more than 100 cm deep to a lithic contact

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Landform - mountainsides and ridgetops
Elevations - 2,810 to 6,500 feet (825 to 2085 meters)
Slope - 5 to 65 percent
Parent material - residuum and colluvium derived from acid igneous and metasedimentary rocks with a mantle of volcanic ash and loess
Climate - warm, dry summers and cool, moist winters
Mean annual precipitation - 19 to 61 inches (485 to 1550 mm)
Average annual temperature - 41 to 45 degrees F. (5 to 7 degrees C.)
Frost-free season - 80 to 100 days.

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Aits, Brickel, Hartill, Huckleberry, Inkler, Manley, Newbell, Raisio, and Wilmont soils. Aits, Hartill, Inkler, Manley, Newbell, and Wilmont soils are frigid. Brickel soils have a mollic epipedon. Huckleberry soils are medial over loamy-skeletal. Raisio soils are mesic.

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Well drained; rapid to very rapid runoff; moderately rapid saturated hydraulic conductivity.

USE AND VEGETATION: This soil is used for woodland, wildlife habitat, and recreation. Vegetation is Douglas-fir, grand fir, subalpine fir, and lodgepole pine with an understory of pinegrass, elksedge, and huckleberry.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Northeastern Washington. The series is moderate in extent. MLRA 43A.

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Bozeman, Montana

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Stevens County, Washington, 1978.

REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon:
Ochric epipedon - the zone from 0 to 9 cm (Oi and A horizons)
Cambic horizon - the zone from 9 to 29 cm (Bw1 and Bw2 horizons)
Andic soil properties - the zone from 1 to 29 cm (A, Bw1 and Bw2 horizons)
Lithic contact - the zone starting at 77 cm
Particle size control section - the zone from 26 to 77 cm (part of the Bw2 and the 2C horizons)

The 3/2008 description reflects a change in classification from Loamy-skeletal, isotic Andic Eutrocryepts to Loamy-skeletal, isotic Haploxerandic Haplocryepts due to revision of the Cryepts great groups and subgroups.

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National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.