LOCATION BEARDEN ND+MN SD
Established Series
KWT-CJH
07/2014
BEARDEN SERIES
The Bearden series consists of very deep, somewhat poorly drained, moderately to slowly permeable soils that formed in calcareous silt loam and silty clay loam lacustrine sediments. These soils are on glacial lake plains and have slopes of 0 to 3 percent. Mean annual air temperature is 39 degrees F, and mean annual precipitation is 18 inches.
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, frigid Aeric Calciaquolls
TYPICAL PEDON: Bearden silty clay loam on a plane slope of less than 1 percent under cropland. When described the soil was moist throughout. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated)
Ap--0 to 7 inches; black (10YR 2/1) silty clay loam, very dark gray (10YR 3/1) dry; moderate very fine subangular blocky structure parting to moderate fine granular; very hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; common fine roots; many fine pores; few threads of carbonates; strong effervescence (8 percent calcium carbonate); slightly alkaline; abrupt smooth boundary. (Combined A horizons 6 to 14 inches thick)
ABk--7 to 18 inches; dark gray (10YR 4/1) and very dark gray (10YR 3/1) silty clay loam, gray (10YR 5/1) and dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry, gray (10YR 6/1) dry in the lower part; weak coarse and medium subangular blocky structure; very hard, friable, sticky and plastic; common fine roots; many fine pores; few fine masses of carbonates; disseminated carbonates throughout with the amount increasing with depth; violent effervescence (15 to 20 percent calcium carbonate); moderately alkaline; clear irregular boundary. (0 to 14 inches thick)
Bk1--18 to 28 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) silty clay loam, light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/4) dry; moderate medium and fine subangular blocky structure; hard, friable, sticky and plastic; few fine roots; many fine pores; violent effervescence (25 percent calcium carbonate); moderately alkaline; clear wavy boundary.
Bk2--28 to 36 inches; olive brown (2.5Y 4/4) silty clay loam, light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/4) dry; few fine prominent gray (5Y 5/1) and few fine and medium prominent very dark brown (10YR 2/2) redoximorphic depletions; weak coarse subangular blocky structure parting to moderate fine and very fine subangular blocky; hard, friable, sticky and plastic; few fine pores; few masses of carbonates; violent effervescence (15 percent calcium carbonate); moderately alkaline; clear wavy boundary. (Combined Bk horizons 0 to 54 inches thick)
C1--36 to 46 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) laminated silty clay loam, light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/4) dry; common medium and fine prominent gray (5Y 5/1) redoximorphic depletions and common medium faint dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) redoximorphic concentrations; few black non-manganese spots; massive; very hard, friable, sticky and plastic; masses of gypsum crystals; few masses of carbonates; strong effervescence (15 percent calcium carbonate); moderately alkaline; gradual wavy boundary.
C2--46 to 60 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) laminated silty clay loam; light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/4) dry; common prominent gray (5Y 5/1) redoximorphic depletions and many fine and medium distinct dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) and prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) redoximorphic concentrations; massive; very hard, firm, sticky and plastic; few masses of carbonates; strong effervescence (15 percent calcium carbonate); slightly alkaline.
TYPE LOCATION: Pembina County, North Dakota, about 2 miles north and 3 miles east of St. Thomas; 640 feet east and 160 feet south of the northwest corner, sec. 29, T. 160 N., R. 52 W.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: The mollic epipedon ranges from 7 to 20 inches thick. The soil is slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline. Saline phases are recognized.
The Ap or A horizon has hue of 10YR, 2.5Y, 5Y, or is neutral, value of 2 or 3 and 3 to 5 dry, and chroma of 1 or less. It typically is silty clay loam but some is loam, silt loam, clay loam or silty clay. The A horizon contains 1 to 10 percent carbonates. Some pedons have tongues of A horizon extending into Bk horizon.
The ABk horizon has hue of 10YR, 2.5Y or is neutral, value of 2 to 5 and 3 to 6 dry, and chroma of 2 or less. It is silt loam or silty clay loam. It is slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline.
The Bk horizon has hue of 10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y, value of 3 to 7 and 5 to 7 dry, and chroma of 1 to 4. It is silt loam or silty clay loam. It contains 15 to more than 30 percent carbonates. Most of this is disseminated. Some pedons contain few or common, faint to prominent redoximorphic features in this horizon. Some pedons have Bky or BCk horizons.
The C horizon has hue of 2.5Y or 5Y, value of 4 to 7 and 5 to 8 dry, and chroma of 2 to 4. In some pedons below 30 inches the hue is neutral and the chroma is 1 or less. The texture of the C horizon typically is silty clay loam or laminated silt loam and silty clay loam. In some pedons below a depth of 40 inches the textures range from gravelly coarse sand to clay. Some pedons do not have a C horizon within a depth of 60 inches.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the
Cubden,
Gunclub, McIntosh, McKranz, and
Saunders series (it is assumed the Cubden series is competing pending on update in the classification). Cubden, McIntosh, and McKranz soils formed in a silt mantle over glacial till and have 2C horizons containing 15 percent fine sand and coarser. Gunclub soils have clay till within depths of 40 to 60 inches. Saunders soils are poorly drained and have silty clay and clay textures within a depth of 40 inches.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Bearden soils are on level and nearly level glacial lake plains. Slopes are 0 to 3 percent. The soils formed in calcareous silt loam and silty clay loam lacustrine sediments. The climate is cool, subhumid. The mean annual air temperature ranges from 36 to 45 degrees F, and the mean annual precipitation from 15 to 24 inches. Frost-free period ranges from 90 to 145 days. Elevation ranges from 650 to 2000 feet above sea level.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the
Antler,
Beotia,
Colvin,
Gardena,
Glyndon,
Hegne,
Lamoure,
Overly and
Perella soils. Antler soils are on adjacent interbeach areas where lake sediments are moderately deep over till. They are fine-loamy. Beotia, Colvin, Overly and Perella soils are in a drainage sequence with Bearden soils. Beotia and Overly soils are at higher elevations in the lake plain. They do not have calcic horizons within depths of 16 inches and have Bw horizons. Colvin and Perella soils are in swales and lower lying flats and basins. Colvin soils are poorly drained. Perella soils do not have calcic horizons within a depth of 16 inches. Glyndon soils are on adjacent areas. They are coarse-silty. Gardena soils are on nearby lake plains at higher elevations. They do not have calcic horizons within depths of 16 inches and are coarse-silty. Hegne soils are on adjacent lake plains. They are fine. Lamoure soils are on floodplains of streams. They have mollic epipedons more than 24 inches thick.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Somewhat poorly drained. Runoff is negligible to high. Permeability is slow to moderate. A seasonal high water table is at depths of 1.5 to 3.5 feet at some time during the period of April through June.
USE AND VEGETATION: Soils are nearly all cropped to small grains and row crops such as sugar beets. Native vegetation was big bluestem, switchgrass, western wheatgrass, and a variety of forbs.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: The Red River Valley in eastern North Dakota and northwestern Minnesota, and in glacial lake plains in northeastern South Dakota and central North Dakota. The series is of large extent.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: St. Paul, Minnesota
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Ransom County, North Dakota, 1906.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are: mollic epipedon - the zone from the surface of the soil to the depth of 7 inches (Ap horizon); calcic horizon the zone from 7 to 36 inches (ABk, Bk1, and Bk2 horizons); characteristics associated with wetness - calcic horizon (ABk, Bk1, and Bk2 horizons).
Were the soil has previously correlated as moderately well drained it should be recorrelated to the Rondell series (Aquic Calciudolls).
ADDITIONAL DATA: Type location laboratory data S54NDak-34-1; additional data ND51-P-6, S53ND-9-5, S53ND-9-6, S57ND-18-1, and S54ND-34-2.
National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.