LOCATION CRAWFORDVILLE GA
Established Series
RE-JT/Rev.DTA
08/2012
CRAWFORDVILLE SERIES
MLRA(s): 136
MO Responsible: Raleigh, North Carolina
Depth class: Moderately deep
Agricultural Drainage Class: Somewhat poorly drained
Internal Free Water Occurrence: Shallow, perched
Permeability: Very slow
Index Surface Runoff: High to very high
Parent material: Residuum weathered from basalt, amphibolite, chlorite schist, gabbro, diabase, diorite and other dark-colored mafic rocks
Shrink-swell potential: High
Slope: 2 to 25 percent
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine, mixed, active, thermic Albaquultic Hapludalfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Crawfordville loamy sand on a 4 percent slope in a loblolly pine plantation. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise indicated.)
A--0 to 2 inches; dark olive brown (2.5Y 3/3) loamy sand; weak medium granular structure; very friable; many very fine, fine and medium and few coarse roots; strongly acid; abrupt smooth boundary. (1 to 7 inches thick)
E--2 to 7 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/6) loamy sand; common fine brown (7.5YR 4/4) organic stains; weak medium granular structure parting to single grained; very friable; common very fine and fine, and few medium and coarse roots; 5 percent by volume fine quartz gravel; moderately acid; abrupt wavy boundary. (0 to 7 inches thick)
Bt--7 to 11 inches; 60 percent yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) and 40 percent strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) sandy clay; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; few very fine, fine, medium and coarse roots; many prominent, continuous yellowish brown (10YR5/4) clay films on faces of peds; many medium soft black (7.5YR 2.5/1) manganese concentrations and common medium strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) hard Fe-Mn concretions; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary. (Thickness of the Bt horizon ranges from 4 to 8 inches)
Btss1--11 to 17 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/6) clay; moderate coarse subangular blocky structure; very firm, very sticky and very plastic; few very fine, fine and medium roots; common distinct non-intersecting slickensides, many prominent, continuous brown (10YR5/3) clay films on faces of peds; 10 percent by volume angular cobbles; common fine and medium strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) iron accumulations on linings of root channels; many fine and medium grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) iron depletions on ped faces and on linings of root channels; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary
Btss2--17 to 21 inches; 60 percent light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/3) and 40 percent gray (2.5Y 5/1) clay; moderate coarse subangular blocky structure; very firm, very sticky and very plastic; few very fine, fine and medium roots; common distinct non-intersecting slickensides; many prominent, continuous light olive brown (2.5Y 5/3) clay films on faces of peds; 5 percent by volume angular cobbles; few fine and medium strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) iron accumulations on linings of root channels; moderately acid; clear irregular boundary. (Combined thickness of the Btss horizon is 10 to 22 inches)
Cg--21 to 25 inches; dark greenish gray (5BG 4/1) sandy clay loam; massive; firm, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; few very fine, fine and medium roots; common medium strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) iron accumulations; common medium gray (2.5Y 6/1) iron depletions; slightly acid; abrupt irregular boundary. (0 to 6 inches thick)
Cr--25 to 60 inches; greenish gray (5G 5/1) fine grained weathered mafic rock with seams of quartz; high excavation difficulty; slightly acid.
TYPE LOCATION: Taliaferro County, Georgia; along Center Hill Church Road; 1600 feet northwest of Stephens Creek; 215 feet southwest of Center Hill Church Road; [USGS Crawfordville topographical quadrangle (1966,1987, revised)]; Latitude 33 degrees 35 minutes 39 seconds N., and Longitude 82 degrees 56 minutes 12 seconds W).
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Solum thickness: 20 to 40 inches
Depth to soft bedrock: 20 to 40 inches
Depth to hard bedrock: 40 to more than 60 inches
Content and size of rock fragments: 0 to 20 percent, by volume, in the A, Ap, and E horizons, and 0 to 30 percent, by volume, in the Bt and C horizons; mostly angular quartz and subangular dark colored mafic pebbles and cobbles; dark colored mafic stones are on the surface in some areas
Soil reaction: very strongly acid to moderately acid in the A and E horizons, strongly acid to slightly acid in the Bt horizon, and moderately acid to neutral in the Btss and Cg horizons
Range of Individual Horizons:
A or Ap horizon:
Color = hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 3 to 5, and chroma of 2 or 3
Texture (fine earth fraction) = loamy sand, loamy coarse sand, sandy loam, or coarse sandy loam
E horizon:
Color = hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 3 to 6
Texture (fine earth fraction) = loamy sand, loamy coarse sand, sandy loam, or coarse sandy loam
BE horizons (if it occurs):
Color = hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 4 to 6
Texture (fine earth fraction) = sandy clay loam or clay loam
Redoximorphic features (if they occur) = iron accumulations in shades of red, brown, or yellow and iron depletions in shades of gray, iron-manganese accumulations in shades of black or gray
Bt horizon:
Color = hue of 7.5YR to 2.5Y, value of 5, and chroma of 4 to 8
Texture (fine earth fraction) = sandy clay, clay, or clay loam
Redoximorphic features (if they occur) = iron accumulations in shades of red, brown, or yellow and iron depletions in shades of gray, iron-manganese accumulations in shades of black or gray
Btss horizons:
Color = hue of 10YR to 2.5Y, value of 1 to 6, and chroma of 1 or 6
Texture (fine earth fraction) = clay
Redoximorphic features = iron or clay depletions in shades of gray within the upper 10 inches of the argillic horizon, iron accumulations in shades of red, brown, or yellow, iron-manganese accumulations in shades of black or gray
Cg horizon (if it occurs):
Color = is multicolored in hues of 7.5YR to 5BG, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 1 to 4. Some pedons have masses and streaks of green or black parent material, or white saprolite.
Texture (fine earth fraction) = sandy clay loam or sandy clay
Redoximorphic features = iron depletions in shades of gray, and iron accumulations in shades of red, brown or yellow.
Cr horizon:
Type of bedrock - weathered, moderately fractured to highly fractured mafic rock
R horizon (if it occurs):
Type of bedrock - unweathered, slightly fractured to moderately fractured mafic rock
COMPETING SERIES:
There are no known competing series. Similar soils in related families include
Brewback,
Enon,
Iredell,
Pittsboro,
Poindexter,
Sedgefield,
Virgilina,
Wilkes and
Wynott.
Brewback soils have a very high shrink-swell potential and lack the abrupt textural change between the surface layer and the argillic horizon within a vertical distance of 3 inches.
Enon soils are well drained and do not have paralithic contact within 60 inches.
Iredell soils are moderately well drained and have a depth to paralithic contact of 40 to more than 60 inches
Pittsboro soils do not have redoxymorphic depletions of chroma 2 or less within the upper 10 inches of the argillic horizon.
Poindexter soils are fine-loamy and well drained.
Sedgefield soils do not have paralithic contact within a depth of 60 inches.
Virgilina soils have a smectitic minerology.
Wilkes soils are well drained and have paralithic contact at a depth of 10 to 20 inches.
Wynott soils are well drained.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Landscape: Piedmont
Landform: Hill
Hillslope Position: Summit, shoulder, back slope and foot slope
Parent material: Residuum weathered from basalt, amphibolite, chlorite schist, gabbro, diabase, diorite and other dark-colored mafic rocks
Elevation (type location): 530 feet
Mean Annual Air Temperature (type location): 60-64 degrees F.
Mean Annual Precipitation (type location): 46-50 inches
Frost Free period: 214 to 225 days
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS:
In addition to the similar
Brewback,
Enon,
Iredell,
Pittsboro,
Sedgefield,
Virgilina,
Wilkes and
Wynott soils, these are:
Cataula soils, which are moderately well drained, have hues of 10R to 5YR in the subsoil, and do not have paralithic contact within a depth of 60 inches
Hard Labor soils, which are moderately well drained, do not have paralithic contact within a depth of 60 inches, and formed in felsic materials
Mecklenburg soils, which are well drained, have hues of 2.5YR or 5YR in the subsoil, and do not have paralithic contact within a depth of 60 inches
Prosperity soils, which are moderately well drained and formed in mixed felsic and mafic materials
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY:
Drainage Class (Agricultural): Somewhat poorly drained
Depth to Redoxomorphic Features: Within 10 inches of the top of the argillic horizon
Index Surface Runoff: High to very high
Permeability: Very slow
USE AND VEGETATION:
Major Uses: Woodland, pasture and hay
Dominant Vegetation: Where cultivated, the dominant vegetation is mixed grasses and legumes for pasture. Where wooded, the dominant overstory species are water oak, sweetgum, southern red oak, white oak, hickory and loblolly pine. Dominant understory species are eastern red cedar, winged elm, flowering dogwood, eastern redbud, red maple, hawthorn and Florida maple
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT:
Distribution: Piedmont area of Georgia and possibly South Carolina, North Carolina, and Virginia
Extent: Small
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Raleigh, North Carolina
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Paulding County, GA, 2010
REMARKS: After further review, since the Btss is 10 inches thick with a total depth of 25 inches, the aquertic (vertic properties, aquic) subgroup has been changed to albaquultic (abrupt textural change, base saturation between 35 and 60 percent, aquic) Very-high shrink-swell has been changed to high in the Btss.03/06. This series was formerly included with the Orange, Pittsboro, Sedgefield, Wilkes, and Wynott soils. Orange soils have smectitic minerology, paralithic contact at a depth of 40 to 60 inches, and are in the mesic soil temperature regime. Pittsboro soils do not have redoximorphic depletions of chroma 2 or less in the upper 10 inches of the argillic horizon. Wilkes soils are well drained, and have paralithic contact at a depth of 10 to 20 inches. Wynott soils are well drained. The April 2007 only changed the status of this soil back to tentative. This soil was never correlated in Virginia. The 2012 change decreases the requirement of coarse fragments in the lower horizons.
Diagnostic horizons and soil characteristics recognized in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon - the zone from 0 to 7 inches (A and E horizons)
Argillic horizon - the zone from 7 to 21 inches (Bt horizon)
Aquic conditions - the soil has redoxomorphic depletions and concentrations within the upper 10 inches of the argillic horizon, with periodic saturation and reduction at some time during the year
Paralithic contact - the occurrence of weathered bedrock at a depth of 25 inches (upper boundary of the Cr horizon)
ADDITIONAL DATA: University of Georgia, Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Soil Characterization Lab, 1/22/01, pedon# SOOGA-265-001:
TABULAR SERIES DATA:
Soil Name Slope Airtemp FrFr/Seas Precip Elevation
CRAWFORDVILLE 2-25 60-64 214-225 46-50 340-660
FloodL FloodH Watertable Kind Months Bedrock Hardness
NONE 1.0-1.5 PERCHED OCT-APR 20-40 SOFT
Depth Texture 3-Inch No-10 Clay% -CEC-
0-7 LS,LCOS,SL,COSL 0-5 90-100 5-15 2-10
7-11 SCL, CL, SC, C 0-5 90-100 25-40 8-15
11-21 C,SC 0-10 95-100 40-60 15-30
21-25 SCL, SC, GRSCL 0-10 85-100 25-40 5-15
25-60 WB - - - -
Depth Permeab Shnk-Swll
0-7 2.0-6.0 LOW
7-11 0.6-2.0 MOD-HIGH
11-21 0.0-0.06 HIGH
21-25 0.06-0.2 MOD-HIGH
25-60 - -
National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.