LOCATION CHANEY TXEstablished Series
The Chaney series consists of , moderately well drained, slowly permeable, deep soils over claystone bedrock or dense clay that formed in sandy and clayey residuum from claystone and sandstone. These soils are on nearly level to sloping plains. Slopes range from 0 to 8 percent.
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine, mixed, active, thermic Oxyaquic Paleustalfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Chaney loamy sand--native wooded pasture. (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise stated.)
A--0 to 4 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) loamy sand, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist; weak fine granular structure; slightly hard, friable; common fine roots and pores; few fine smooth pebbles of quartz; moderately acid; clear smooth boundary. (2 to 6 inches thick)
E--4 to 14 inches; light gray (10YR 7/2) loamy sand, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) moist; single grained; loose; common fine roots and pores; few fine rounded pebbles of quartz; moderately acid; abrupt wavy boundary. (4 to 14 inches thick)
Bt1--14 to 22 inches; dark red (2.5YR 3/6) sandy clay; dark red (2.5YR 3/6) moist; common fine distinct pale brown (10YR 6/3) and light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) mottles; weak medium subangular blocky structure; very hard, very firm; few fine roots and pores; few fine fragments of chert; moderately acid; clear smooth boundary. (4 to 18 inches thick)
Bt2--22 to 34 inches; mottled red (2.5YR 4/6), light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) and light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) sandy clay; weak medium subangular blocky structure; very hard, very firm; few very fine roots and pores; few fine fragments of chert; moderately acid; gradual smooth boundary. (9 to 20 inches thick)
BC1--34 to 40 inches; brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) sandy clay loam, yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) moist; with common medium distinct red (2.5YR 5/6), pale brown (10YR 6/3), and light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) mottles; weak medium subangular blocky structure; very hard, firm; moderately acid; gradual smooth boundary. (0 to 22 inches thick)
BC2--40 to 52 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) sandy clay loam, pale red (2.5YR 6/2) moist; few fine faint olive yellow mottles; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; hard, firm; moderately acid; gradual wavy boundary. (0 to 25 inches thick)
Cd--52 to 72 inches; olive gray (5Y 5/2) dense clay; massive, hard, firm; few common soft masses of white material; slightly acid.
TYPE LOCATION: Erath County, Texas; north of Stephenville and 9 miles north of Morgan Mill on US Highway 281, 1.05 miles east on a county road, then 200 feet south in a pasture. Lat. N32 degrees, 30 feet 49 inches; Long. W98 degrees, 6 feet 45 inches.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: The solum is 40 to 60 inches thick over dense clay or claystone bedrock.
The A horizon has hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 4 to 7, chroma of 2 to 4. The E horizon is 1 to 3 units higher in value than the A horizon. However, the A and E horizons usually have been mixed by cultivation. The texture is fine sand, loamy sand, loamy fine sand, or fine sandy loam. Stony phases are also recognized. Reaction ranges from moderately acid to neutral. Fragments of sandstone, chert, and ironstone from 1 to 60 cm across comprise 0 to 20 percent by volume and cover 0 to 10 percent of the soil surface.
The Bt horizon has hue of 2.5YR to 10YR, value of 3 to 6, chroma of 4 to 8. Most pedons have mottled horizons in these colors and in shades of gray or grayish brown. Texture is sandy clay or clay, with clay content ranging from 35 to 50 percent. Reaction ranges from moderately acid to neutral. Fragments of sandstone, chert, and ironstone range from 0 to 3 percent by volume.
The BC horizons are in shades of red, brown, yellow, or gray. Texture is sandy clay loam or sandy clay. Some pedons have stratified layers of fine sandy loam, clay loam, or clay. Reaction ranges from moderately acid to moderately alkaline.
The Cd or C layers is in shades of red, brown, or gray. Texture is claystone bedrock, dense clay, or claystone bedrock that is stratified with sandstone bedrock or loamy soil material. The texture is sandy clay loam, sandy clay or clay. Some pedons have weakly cemented layers of sandstone. Reaction ranges from moderately acid to moderately alkaline and calcareous. Some pedons contain a few films, threads, or soft masses of calcium carbonate.
COMPETING SERIES: These include the Chazos, Shiro Straber, Axtell, Crosstell, Demona, Pedernales, Selden, Tabor, and Windthorst series in similar families. Chazos soils are moist in the moisture control section for longer periods. Shiro soils have a paralithic contact between 20 and 40 inches. Straber soils lack red argillic horizons and have formed in citronelle geology. Axtell, Crosstell, and Tabor soils have montmorillonitic mineralogy. Demona soils have sandy epipedons 20 to 40 inches thick. Pedernales and Windthorst soils lack grayish mottles in the upper part of the argillic horizon. Selden soils have less than 35 percent clay in the Bt horizon and have siliceous mineralogy.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Chaney soils occupy gently sloping to sloping plains with mixed concave and convex surfaces. Slopes range from 0 to 8 percent but are dominantly from 0 to 5 percent. The soils formed mainly in the basal sands and sandy clays of Cretaceous age and occupy a fringe or transition area between soils formed from Cretaceous age materials and those formed from Pennsylvanian age materials. Pennsylvanian sandstone and claystones are frequently encountered below 30 inches. The mean annual temperature ranges from 64 to 67 degrees F. and the mean annual precipitation ranges from 24 to 32 inches. Frost free days range from 210 to 240 days and elevation ranges form 600 to 1,750. Thornthwaite P-E indices range from 38 to 64.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These include the competing Demona, Pedernales, and Windthorst series and the Cisco, Duffau, Hassee, Nimrod, Patilo, and Selden series. Demona, Pedernales, and Windthorst soils are in positions similar to Chaney soils. Cisco, Duffau, Nimrod, and Seldon soils have fine loamy control sections, in addition, Nimrod soils have sandy epipedons 20 to 40 inches thick. Cisco and Duffau soils are below Chaney soils in concave positions. Nimrod soils are above on narrow stream divides or knolls. Selden soils occupy positions similar to Chaney soils. Hassee soils have thin albic horizons over grayish clayey argillic horizons and are below Chaney soils in low, slightly depressed positions. Patilo soils have sandy epipedons 40 to 72 inches thick and are above Chaney soils on narrow stream divides or knolls.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Moderately well drained. Runoff is slow to medium. Permeability is slow.
USE AND VEGETATION: Many areas are being farmed to peanuts, sorghums, vegetables, and orchards. Some areas are sodded to bermudagrass. Other areas are growing a thick stand of scrub post oak and blackjack oak.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: West Cross Timbers, North Central Prairie, Rolling Limestone Prairie and Grand Prairie of Texas. The series is extensive.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Temple, Texas
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Travis County, Texas; 1969.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon - the zone from the soil surface to a depth of 14 inches. (A and E horizons)
Argillic horizon - the zone from 14 to 34 inches (Bt1 and Bt2 horizons).
Pale feature - have an abrupt textural change between the E and Bt1 horizons at a depth of 14 inches.
Aquic feature - mottles with chroma of 2 in the 14 to 34 inch zone.
Densic material - dense clay at 52 to 72 inches.