LOCATION CISNE IL
Established Series
Revised JBF-KAG-TJE
09/2022
CISNE SERIES
The Cisne series consists of very deep, poorly drained soils on till plains. They formed in loess and the underlying pedisediment. Slope ranges from 0 to 2 percent. Mean annual temperature is about 13 degrees C (55 degrees F), and mean annual precipitation is about 1067 millimeters (42 inches).
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine, smectitic, mesic Mollic Albaqualfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Cisne silt loam, in a nearly level cultivated field at an elevation of about 169 meters (556 feet) above mean sea level. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
Ap--0 to 20 centimeters (0 to 8 inches); very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) silt loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry; moderate fine granular structure; friable; few very dark gray (10YR 3/1) organic stains on faces of peds; few fine and medium iron-manganese nodules throughout; moderately acid; abrupt smooth boundary. [19 to 23 centimeters (7 to 9 inches) thick]
Eg1--20 to 33 centimeters (8 to 13 inches); grayish brown (10YR 5/2) silt loam, light gray (10YR 7/2) dry; moderate medium platy structure; friable; common fine prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) masses of oxidized iron in the matrix; common fine and medium distinct black (10YR 2/1) iron-manganese nodules throughout; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.
Eg2--33 to 43 centimeters (13 to 17 inches); light gray (10YR 7/2) and light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) silt loam, very pale brown (10YR 8/2) dry; moderate medium platy structure; friable; common fine and medium prominent black (10YR 2/1) iron-manganese nodules throughout; strongly acid; abrupt smooth boundary. [The combined thickness of the Eg horizon is 20 to 31 centimeters (8 to 12 inches).]
Bt/E--43 to 48 centimeters (17 to 19 inches); gray (10YR 6/1) silty clay loam (Bt); moderate fine angular blocky structure; friable; common prominent light gray (10YR 7/1) (dry) clay depletions on faces of peds (E); common medium prominent yellowish red (5YR 4/6) masses of oxidized iron in the matrix; common fine and medium prominent black (10YR 2/1) iron-manganese nodules throughout; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary. [0 to 8 centimeters (0 to 3 inches) thick]
Btg1--48 to 71 centimeters (19 to 28 inches); grayish brown (10YR 5/2) silty clay loam; strong fine prismatic structure parting to strong fine angular blocky; firm; many distinct gray (10YR 5/1) clay films on faces of peds; common medium prominent yellowish red (5YR 4/6) masses of oxidized iron in the matrix; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.
Btg2--71 to 94 centimeters (28 to 37 inches); grayish brown (10YR 5/2) silty clay loam; moderate medium angular blocky structure; firm; common distinct gray (10YR 5/1) clay films on faces of peds; common medium distinct dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) masses of oxidized iron in the matrix; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary. [The combined thickness of the Btg horizons is 33 to 78 centimeters (13 to 31 inches).]
2Btg3--94 to 109 centimeters (37 to 43 inches); light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) silty clay loam; weak coarse angular blocky structure; firm; few faint gray (10YR 5/1) clay films on faces of peds; common medium and coarse distinct dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) masses of oxidized iron in the matrix; about 15 percent sand; few pebbles; strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary. [15 to 38 centimeters (6 to 15 inches) thick]
2BCg--109 to 152 centimeters (43 to 60 inches); light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) silty clay loam; weak coarse angular blocky structure; firm; common coarse distinct dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) masses of oxidized iron in the matrix; about 15 percent sand in upper part and the content of sand increases with increasing depth; few pebbles; moderately acid; gradual smooth boundary. [0 to 36 centimeters (0 to 14 inches) thick]
2Cg--152 to 200 centimeters (60 to 79 inches); dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silt loam; massive; firm; many coarse prominent gray (N 6/) and light gray (N 7/) iron depletions in the matrix; few fine and medium iron-manganese concretions throughout; about 20 percent sand; few pebbles (about 2 percent); slightly acid.
TYPE LOCATION: Jasper County, Illinois; about 3.2 kilometers (2 miles) west of Newton; 1,960 feet west and 420 feet south of northeast corner of sec 3, T. 6 N., R. 9 E. of the third Principal Meridian; 2.77 meters (9 feet) north and 7.62 meters (25 feet) east of the southwest corner of plot 309 at the Newton Experiment Station.
USGS topographic quadrangle--Newton, Illinois
Latitude 38.9934938
Longitude -88.1952517
Datum--WGS84
Coordinate source--estimated from GIS layer
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Thickness of the dark surface layer--18 to 23 centimeters (7 to 9 inches)
Thickness of the loess--76 to 140 centimeters (30 to 55 inches)
Depth to the top of the argillic horizon--41 to 53 centimeters (16 to 21 inches)
Depth to the base of the argillic horizon--102 to 165 centimeters (40 to 65 inches)
Particle-size control section--averages 35 to 42 percent clay
Ap or A horizon--
Hue--10YR
Value--2 to 3 (4 or 5 dry)
Chroma--1 to 3
Texture--silt loam
Sand content--5 to 15 percent
Reaction--strongly acid to slightly alkaline
Eg horizon--
Hue--10YR or 2.5Y
Value--4 to 7
Chroma--1 or 2
Texture--silt loam or silt
Sand content--5 to 10 percent
Reaction--very strongly acid to moderately acid, ranging to neutral in areas that have been limed
B/E, BE, or EB horizon--
Hue--10YR or 2.5Y
Value--5 or 6
Chroma--1 or 2
Redoximorphic features--hue of 5YR, 7.5YR, or 10YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 3 to 8
Texture--silt loam or silty clay loam
Reaction--very strongly acid to moderately acid
Some pedons have a BE horizon that is less than 8 centimeters (3 inches) thick.
Btg horizon--
Hue--10YR or 2.5Y
Value--4 to 6
Chroma--1 or 2
Redoximorphic features--hue of 5YR, 7.5YR, or 10YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 1 to 8
Texture--silty clay loam or silty clay
Clay content--averages 37 to 42 percent, ranging from 33 to 45 percent in individual subhorizons
Sand content--averages 4 to 10 percent
Reaction--very strongly acid to moderately acid
2Btg or 2BCg horizon--
Hue--10YR or 2.5Y
Value--4 to 6
Chroma--1 or 2
Texture--silty clay loam, clay loam, loam, or silt loam
Sand content--averages 15 to 30 percent, ranging from 10 to 45 percent in individual subhorizons
Rock fragment content--0 to 10 percent
Reaction--strongly acid to slightly acid
2Cg horizon--
Hue--10YR or 2.5Y
Value--3 to 6
Chroma--1 or 2
Texture--silty clay loam, clay loam, loam, or silt loam
Sand content--averages 15 to 45 percent
Rock fragment content--2 to 15 percent
Reaction--neutral to moderately acid
Some pedons have a 3Ab or 3Btgb horizon which has similar properties as the 2Cg horizon.
COMPETING SERIES:
Brooklyn soils are typically stratified in the lower part of the series control section.
Cowden and
Denny soils average less than 10 percent sand in the lower part of the series control section.
Smileyville soils average more than 42 percent clay in the particle-size control section.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Cisne soils are on broad ground moraines on till plains of Illinoian age. Slope ranges from 0 to 2 percent. The soils formed in 76 to 140 centimeters (30 to 55 inches) of loess and the underlying pedisediment. The loess is late Wisconsin age Peoria Loess and the underlying material is early Wisconsin age pedisediment or Roxana Silt which overlie a Sangamon age paleosol in Illinoian till. In some pedons the pedisediment includes pebbles of the Illinoian till concentrated by erosion or reworked material derived from the upper horizons of the Sangamon paleosol.
Mean annual temperature--8 to 14 degrees C (53 to 57 degrees F)
Mean annual precipitation--965 to 1219 millimeters (38 to 48 inches)
Frost-free period--175 to 200 days
Elevation--122 to 213 meters (400 to 700 feet) above mean sea level
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS:
Hoyleton soils are somewhat poorly drained and are on higher positions nearby.
Huey soils have a natric horizon and are on similar or slightly lower positions nearby or are mixed in an intricate pattern with Cisne soils on similar positions.
Wynoose soils have a moist color value of 4 or more in the surface layer and are on similar positions nearby or on narrower interfluves that are closer to dissected parts of the till plain.
DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY:
Drainage class--poorly drained
Water table--depth to the top of an apparent water table is within 30 centimeters (1 foot) of the surface at some time between January and May in normal years.
Saturated hydraulic conductivity class--moderately high to low
Permeability class--slow or very slow
USE AND VEGETATION:
Most areas of Cisne soils are used to grow corn, soybeans, and wheat. Native vegetation is prairie grasses with some widely spaced trees in places.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT:
MLRAs 113 and 114 in southern Illinois. The series is extensive.
SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (SSRO) RESPONSIBLE: Indianapolis, Indiana
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Washington County, Illinois, 1927
REMARKS:
Typical Pedon Taxonomic Features--
Ochric epipedon--from the surface to a depth of 43 centimeters (Ap, Eg1, and Eg2 horizons). The upper portion meets the requirements of a mollic epipedon except for thickness; the lower portion commonly has less than 50 percent base saturation
Albic horizon--from a depth of 20 to 43 centimeters (Eg1 and Eg2 horizons)
Argillic horizon--from a depth of 43 to 109 centimeters (B/E, Btg1, Btg2, and 2Btg3 horizons)
Abrupt textural change from the Eg2 horizon to the Btg1 horizon
Aquic conditions--redoximorphic features present in all horizons below the Ap horizon
A bench phase is recognized for soils on structural benches that occur along some major tributaries of the Mississippi River.
A mine-sinks phase is recognized for soils in areas of Perry County that have subsided due to subsurface mine wall collapse. In these areas, the mine-sink phase of Cisne soils has a perched water table as much as 183 centimeters (6 feet) above the surface to 30 centimeters (1 foot) below the surface at some time between February and July in normal years.
Taxonomic Version--Keys to Soil Taxonomy, Twelfth Edition, 2014
ADDITIONAL DATA:
Characterization data is available from the NRCS-NSSC Kellogg Soil Survey Laboratory, Lincoln, Nebraska.
National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.