LOCATION CONNEAUT OH
Established Series
Rev. JRS-STP
05/2011
CONNEAUT SERIES
The Conneaut series consists of very deep, poorly and somewhat poorly drained soils formed in silty glaciolacustrine sediments or loess and in the underlying low-lime till on Wisconsinan age lake plains. Permeability is moderately slow in the upper part of the subsoil and slow in the lower part and in the substratum. Slope ranges from 0 to 4 percent. Mean annual precipitation is about 34 inches, and mean annual temperature is about 51 degrees F.
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-silty, mixed, active, nonacid, mesic Aeric Epiaquepts
TYPICAL PEDON: Conneaut silt loam, on a convex, 1/2 percent slope, in underbrush, at an elevation of about 623 feet above msl. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
Ap -- 0 to 9 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silt loam, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry; moderate medium granular structure; friable; many fine roots; very strongly acid; abrupt smooth boundary. (6 to 12 inches thick.)
Bg1 -- 9 to 17 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) silt loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; many fine roots; many faint light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) silt coats on faces of peds; common prominent dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) organic coats in root channels; many medium prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; very strongly acid; gradual irregular boundary.
Bg2 -- 17 to 27 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) silt loam; moderate medium prismatic structure parting to medium and coarse subangular blocky; firm; few fine roots; many faint light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) and gray (N 6/0) silt coats on faces of peds; many medium prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the Bg horizons is 3 to 21 inches.)
2Bw1 -- 27 to 33 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) silt loam; moderate coarse prismatic structure parting to weak medium and coarse subangular blocky; firm; many prominent gray (N 6/0) silt coats on faces of peds; about 3 percent rock fragments; many medium prominent grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) areas of iron depletion in the matrix; common medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; few fine black (10YR 2/1) iron and manganese oxide accumulations and concretions throughout; slightly acid; diffuse wavy boundary.
2Bw2 -- 33 to 44 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) silt loam; weak coarse prismatic structure parting to weak medium and coarse subangular blocky; firm; about 5 percent rock fragments; many prominent gray (N 6/0) silt coats on faces of peds; many medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; slightly acid; gradual wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the Bw horizons is 14 to 20 inches.)
2BC -- 44 to 52 inches; 50 percent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) and 50 percent light gray (N 7/0) silt loam; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; firm; about 5 percent rock fragments; the masses of yellowish brown color are iron accumulations and the areas of light gray color are iron depletion; neutral; gradual smooth boundary. (0 to 12 inches thick)
2C1 -- 52 to 70 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) silt loam; common medium distinct gray (10YR 6/1) mottles; massive, with weak bedding planes; firm; many fine and medium black (10YR 2/1) iron and manganese oxide accumulations on horizontal faces of bedding planes; about 5 percent rock fragments; neutral; gradual wavy boundary.
2C2 -- 70 to 80 inches; olive (5Y 5/3) silt loam; common medium prominent brown (7.5YR 4/4) mottles; massive; firm; few fine black (10YR 2/1) iron and manganese oxide accumulations throughout; about 5 percent rock fragments; slightly effervescent; moderately alkaline.
TYPE LOCATION: Ashtabula County, Ohio; Conneaut Township; within Conneaut City limits, about 3 miles northeast of the center of Conneaut, 300 feet south of the intersection of State Line Road and Lake Road (Township Road 517), then 150 feet west. T. 14 N., R.1 W. USGS Conneaut, OH topographic quadrangle; Latitude 41 degrees, 58 minutes, 32 seconds N. and Longitude 80 degrees, 31 minutes, 14 seconds W., NAD 1927.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Thickness of the solum ranges from 40 to 60 inches. Thickness of the silty glaciolacustrine sediments or loess ranges from 16 to 36 inches. Rock fragments range from 0 to 4 percent in the A and B horizons, 2 to 10 percent in the 2B horizons, and 3 to 10 percent in the 2C horizons. Depth to carbonates ranges from 40 to 80 inches.
The Ap horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 3 or 4, and chroma of 1 or 2. Structure is weak to strong, fine to coarse, granular. Reaction is very strongly acid to neutral. Unplowed areas have an A horizon 1 to 4 inches thick that has chroma of 2 or 3.
Some pedons have an E horizon 3 to 6 inches thick that has hue of 2.5Y, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 2.
The B and 2B horizons above 30 inches commonly have hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 1 or 2 (except one or more subhorizons have chroma of 3 or 4). Below 30 inches they have hue of 2.5Y or 10YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 2 to 6. Surfaces of peds throughout the B and 2B horizons have chroma of 2 or less. Texture is silt loam or silty clay loam. Structure of the B horizons are weak or moderate, fine to coarse, subangular blocky, angular blocky or prismatic. Structure of the 2B horizons are weak or moderate, medium to very coarse, subangular blocky, prismatic or platy. Iron depletions and accumulations are common to many. Reaction is strongly acid or very strongly acid in the upper part, and slightly acid in the lower part grading to neutral with depth.
The 2C horizon has hue of 10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y, value of 4 or 5, chroma of 2 to 4, and few to many mottles. Texture is silt loam or silty clay loam. Reaction is neutral to moderately alkaline.
COMPETING SERIES: There are no other series in the same family.
Soils in similar families are the
Banlic,
Kilmanagh and
Painesville series. Banlic and Painesville soils have less than 18 percent clay in the control section. Kilmanagh soils have more than 15 percent sand in the control section.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Conneaut soils formed in silty glaciolacustrine sediments or loess and in the underlying low-lime till and are on slight rises, broad convex flats, depressions and short side slopes along drainageways on Wisconsinan age lake plains. Slope ranges from 0 to 4 percent. During the period of glacial lakes the till part of this soil was leveled and modified by wave action. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 29 to 39 inches, and mean annual temperature ranges from 49 to 52 degrees F. A lake influence moderates spring and fall temperatures. The frost free period is 160 to 198 days, and elevation ranges from 570 to 760 feet above msl.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the
Elnora,
Harbor,
Hornell,
Otisville,
Painesville,
Stafford and
Tyner soils. The moderately well drained Elnora and Harbor soils are on higher landscape positions. The Hornell soils are moderately deep to shale bedrock on nearby landscapes. The excessively drained Otisville and Tyner soils are on nearby beach ridges. The Painesville and Stafford soils have more than 15 percent sand in the control section and are on nearby landscapes.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Poorly and somewhat poorly drained. The potential for surface runoff is negligible to medium. In poorly drained areas, frequent brief ponding occurs on depressional landscape positions during periods of heavy rainfall and during spring snowmelt. Permeability is moderately slow in the upper part of the subsoil and slow in the lower part and in the substratum. In poorly drained areas, the depth to the top of an intermittent perched seasonal high water table ranges from +0.5 to 0.5 foot from November to June in most years. In somewhat poorly drained areas, the depth to the top of an intermittent perched seasonal high water table ranges from 0.5 to 1.0 foot from November to May in most years.
USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas of this soil are in woodland or former cropland reverting to woodland. Some areas are used for pasture and hayland. The use of this soil for urban development is increasing. The native vegetation was deciduous forest.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: In northeast Ohio and possibly northwest Pennsylvania. MLRA 139. The series is of moderate extent with about 38,000 acres in two Ohio counties.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Amherst, Massachusetts.
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Ashtabula County, Ohio, 1970.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features in this pedon include:
Ochric epipedon - from a depth of 0 to 9 inches (Ap horizon).
Aquic conditions - begin at a depth of 9 inches.
Cambic horizon - from a depth of 9 to 44 inches (Bg1, Bg2, 2Bw1 and 2Bw2 horizons).
Udic moisture regime.
This revision reflects a reversion in drainage class from somewhat poorly drained to its earlier definition as poorly and somewhat poorly drained.
The shale substratum phase mapped in the Soil Survey of Lake County, Ohio, published 1979, has shale bedrock at a depth of 40 to 60 inches. This phase does not meet current criteria for substratum phases, and will be correlated as a new series at a future time.
ADDITIONAL DATA: Refer to pedon AB-S14 for characterization data on the typical pedon, sample numbers 15261 to 15269 from Ashtabula County, Ohio; sample analysis by the Ohio State University Soil Characterization Laboratory, Columbus, Ohio.
National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.