LOCATION DISHNO MIEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Coarse-loamy over sandy or sandy-skeletal, mixed, superactive, frigid Oxyaquic Haplorthods
TYPICAL PEDON: Dishno cobbly silt loam on a south facing 6 percent slope at an elevation of 1760 feet in a forested area. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
Oe--0 to 1 inch; partially decomposed plant material; very strongly acid; abrupt smooth boundary. (1 to 2 inches thick)
A--1 to 3 inches; dark reddish brown (5YR 3/2) cobbly silt loam, reddish gray (5YR 5/2) dry; moderate very fine granular structure; friable; many very fine to coarse roots; few very fine vescicular pores; about 10 percent cobbles, 9 percent gravel, 5 percent stones and 1 percent boulders; extremely acid; clear wavy boundary. (0 to 3 inches thick)
E--3 to 9 inches; reddish gray (5YR 5/2) cobbly silt loam, light gray (5YR 7/1) dry; weak medium platy structure parting to weak very fine subangular blocky; friable; many very fine to coarse roots; few very fine vescicular pores; about 10 percent cobbles, 9 percent gravel, 5 percent stones and 1 percent boulders; extremely acid; abrupt wavy boundary. (1 to 8 inches thick)
Bhs--9 to 10 inches; dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) cobbly loam; weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable; many very fine to coarse roots; few very fine vescicular pores; about 10 percent cobbles, 7 percent gravel, 5 percent stones and 1 percent boulders; very strongly acid; abrupt broken boundary.
Bs1--10 to 18 inches; dark brown (7.5YR 3/4) cobbly fine sandy loam; weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable; many very fine to coarse roots; few very fine vesicular pores; about 10 percent cobbles, 7 percent gravel 5 percent stones and 1 percent boulders; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. (4 to 12 inches thick)
Bs2--18 to 22 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/4) cobbly loamy sand; weak medium platy structure; firm; common very fine to coarse roots; common very fine vesicular pores; about 10 percent cobbles, 7 percent gravel, 5 percent stones and 1 percent boulders; strongly acid; abrupt broken boundary. (3 to 10 inches thick)
2BC--22 to 29 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) very stony loamy sand; massive with weakly expressed thick platiness inherent from deposition; friable but firm in places; few very fine to medium roots; few very fine vesicular pores; discontinuous silt coats on rock fragments; common medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) masses of iron accumulations; about 13 percent gravel, 10 percent cobbles, 10 percent stones and 5 percent boulders; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. (5 to 15 inches thick)
2C--29 to 46 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/3) very stony loamy sand; massive with weakly expressed thick platiness inherent from deposition; friable but firm in places; few very fine to medium roots; few very fine vesicular pores; discontinuous silt coats on rock fragments; few medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) masses of iron accumulations; about 13 percent gravel, 10 percent cobbles, 10 percent stones and 5 percent boulders; moderately acid; abrupt smooth boundary.
3R--46 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) unweathered gneiss bedrock; discontinuous 1/8 inch thick brown (10YR 4/3) loamy coarse sand saprolite layer on surface of bedrock; many coarse prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) masses of iron accumulations on surface of bedrock; strongly acid.
TYPE LOCATION: Marquette County, Michigan; about 5 1/2 miles north of Champion; 583 feet north and 1832 feet east of the southwest corner of sec. 33, T. 49 N., R. 29 W. USGS Champion topographic quadrangle; lat. 46 degrees 35 minutes 39.3 seconds N. long. 87 degrees 56 minutes 16 seconds W.; Champion Township.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: The thickness of the loamy eolian deposit ranges from 18 to 30 inches. Depth to bedrock ranges from 40 to 60 inches. Depth to redox accumulations ranges from 24 to 40 inches. Gravel content ranges from 1 to 10 percent in the loamy upper part and from 10 to 25 percent in the sandy lower part. Cobbles range from 0 to 15 percent, stones from 0 to 10 percent, and boulders from 0 to 5 percent throughout the pedon. Mean annual soil temperature is about 41 degrees F.
The A horizon has hue of 5YR to 10YR, value of 2 or 3, and chroma of 1 or 2. It is silt loam, very fine sandy loam, fine sandy loam, or the cobbly analogues. Reaction is extremely acid to strongly acid.
The E horizon has hue of 5YR or 7.5YR, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 2 or 3. It is silt loam, very fine sandy loam, fine sandy loam or the cobbly analogues. Reaction is extremely acid to strongly acid.
The Bhs horizon has hue of 5YR or 7.5YR, value of 3, and chroma of 2 or 3. It is silt loam, very fine sandy loam, fine sandy loam or the cobbly analogues. Reaction is extremely acid to strongly acid.
The Bs1 horizon has hue of 5YR to 7.5YR, value of 3 or 4, and chroma of 4. It is silt loam, loam, very fine sandy loam, fine sandy loam or the cobbly analogues. Reaction is extremely acid to strongly acid.
The Bs2 horizon has hue 5YR to 10YR, value of 4, and chroma of 3 to 6. It is silt loam, very fine sandy loam, fine sandy loam, loamy sand, or the cobbly analogues. Reaction is extremely acid to strongly acid. Coarse fragment content averages less than 35 percent in the A, E, Bhs and Bs horizons.
The 2BC horizon has hue of 5YR to 2.5Y, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 3 or 4. It is very stony loamy sand or the gravelly, cobbly, and stony analogues. Reaction is strongly acid to moderately acid.
The 2C horizon has hue of 5YR to 10YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 3 or 4. It is very stony loamy sand or the gravelly, cobbly, stony analogues. Reaction is strongly acid to moderately acid. Coarse fragment content averages 35 percent or more in some pedons in the 2BC and 2C horizons.
The underlying bedrock is igneous or metamorphic. Very thin weathered layers are present on the bedrock surface in some pedons.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Chabeneau series in the same family and the closely related Chocolay, Carlshend and Reade series. The Chabeneau soils lack a lithic contact within 60 inches of the soil surface. The Chocolay, Carlshend and Reade soils are underlain by sandstone or limestone bedrock and lack the sandy and gravelly layer above the rock.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Dishno soils are on bedrock controlled moraines of Wisconsinan age. Slopes range from 0 to 35 percent but are typically below 25 percent. These soils formed in a silty or loamy eolian deposits over sandy and gravelly till overlying igneous, conglomerate or metamorphic bedrock. Elevation ranges from 1100 to 1800 feet. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 33 to 38 inches and mean annual temperature is about 38 to 40 degrees F.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Michigamme soils in the same drainage catena; and the Keewaydin, Champion, Gogebic and Witbeck soils which lack the underlying bedrock. The well drained Michigamme and Keewaydin soils are on higher or more sloping landscape positions. The moderately well drained Champion and Gogebic soils are on similar landscape positions. The poorly drained Witbeck soils are in depressions and drainageways.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Moderately well drained. Surface runoff is negligible to high, dependent on slope. Permeability is moderate in the upper part and moderately rapid in the lower part. Dishno soils have a seasonally high water table that ranges from about 2 to 3.5 feet below the surface from October to May.
USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas of this soil are forested. The dominant tree species are sugar maple, red maple, yellow birch, eastern hemlock, quaking aspen, white pine, and balsam fir. Understory vegetation includes spinulose shield fern, wild lily-of-the-valley, shining clubmoss, sedges, star flower and hairy solomon's seal.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Central and Western part of the Upper Peninsula of Michigan. MLRA 93. This series is of moderate extent.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: St. Paul, Minnesota.
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Marquette County, Michigan 1998. The source of the name is a creek and a lake in the northern part of Marquette County.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in the pedon are:
Ochric epipedon - the zone from 1 to 9 inches (the A and E horizons)
Albic horizon - the zone from 3 to 9 inches (E horizon)
Spodic horizon - the zone from 9 to 22 inches (the Bhs, Bs1 and Bs2 horizons)
Lithic contact - gneiss bedrock at 46 inches (3R horizon)
Particle size control section - the zone from 10 to 40 inches
Oxyaquic subgroup - the soil is saturated with water in one or more layers within 100 cm of the mineral surface for one month or more in most years (2BC and 2C horizons)
Udic soil moisture regime.
ADDITIONAL DATA: For data on representative pedon refer to NSSL pedon S96MI-103-001.