LOCATION KEEWAYDIN MIEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Coarse-loamy over sandy or sandy-skeletal, mixed, superactive, frigid Typic Haplorthods
TYPICAL PEDON: Keewaydin cobbly fine sandy loam--on a 27 percent slope, forested in northern hardwoods. (Colors are for moist soils unless otherwise stated).
Oa--0 to 2 inches; black (N 2.5/0) well decomposed forest litter; very friable; many very fine to coarse roots; abrupt smooth boundary.
E--2 to 4 inches; reddish brown (5YR 5/3) cobbly fine sandy loam, pinkish gray (5YR 6/2) dry; weak fine granular structure; friable; many very fine to coarse roots; about 17 percent cobbles, 15 percent gravel, and 2 percent stones; extremely acid; abrupt smooth boundary. (1 to 6 inches thick)
Bs1--4 to 10 inches; dark reddish brown (5YR 3/4) fine sandy loam; weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable; many very fine to coarse roots; 1 percent gravel, and 3 percent stones; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. (4 to 12 inches thick)
Bs2--10 to 20 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) cobbly fine sandy loam; weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable; many very fine to coarse roots; about 14 percent cobbles, 11 percent gravel, and 3 percent stones; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. (5 to 12 inches thick)
2BC--20 to 31 inches; brown (7.5YR 5/4) gravelly loamy sand; weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable; common very fine to medium roots; about 23 percent gravel and 10 percent stones; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. (0 to 20 inches thick)
2C--31 to 80 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) very cobbly loamy sand; massive; firm; few very fine and fine roots; discontinuous clay and silt coatings on gravel and cobble surfaces, clean sand grains present; about 16 percent cobbles, 24 percent gravel, and 5 percent stones; strongly acid.
TYPE LOCATION: Marquette County, Michigan; about 2 1/2 miles northeast of the town of Michigamme; 1,800 feet east and 2,200 feet south of the northwest corner of section 9, T48N, R30W.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: The thickness of the silty or loamy eolian mantle ranges from 15 to 30 inches. The thickness of the solum ranges from 24 to 45 inches. Gravel content ranges from 0 to 15 percent in the loamy mantle and from 5 to 50 percent in the sandy lower horizons. Cobbles range from 0 to 30 percent throughout the pedon. Stones range from 0 to 10 percent throughout the pedon.
The Oa horizon has hue of 5YR, 7.5YR, or is neutral, value of 2 or 3 and chroma of 0 or 1.
The A horizon, where present, has hue of 5YR to 10YR, value of 2 to 4, and chroma of 1 or 2. It is fine sandy loam, silt loam, or the cobbly or bouldery analogues of these textures. Reaction is very strongly acid or strongly acid.
The E horizon has hue of 5YR or 7.5YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 1 to 3. It is fine sandy loam, silt loam, or the cobbly or bouldery analogues of these textures. Reaction is extremely acid to strongly acid.
The Bs1 horizon has hue of 5YR or 7.5YR, and value and chroma of 3 or 4. Value and chroma of 3 do not occur together.
The Bs2 horizon has hue of 5YR or 7.5YR, value of 4 to 5 and chroma of 4 to 6. The Bs horizons are fine sandy loam, silt loam, or cobbly analogues of these textures. Reaction of the Bs horizons is very strongly acid or strongly acid.
The 2BC horizon has hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 2 to 6. It gravelly, very gravelly or cobbly analogues of sand or loamy sand. Reaction is moderately acid or strongly acid. The 2BC horizon and upper part of the 2C horizon exhibit some characteristics of a fragipan in places. It is firm when moist and hard when dry and has some brittleness.
The 2C horizon has hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 2 to 6. It is cobbly, gravelly, or very gravelly or very cobbly analogues of sand or loamy sand. Reaction is moderately acid or strongly acid. Some pedons have thin pockets or lenses of gravelly sand, gravelly fine sandy loam or gravelly sandy loam.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Allagash, Amasa, Duxbury and Monadnock series. The Allagash soils have less than 15 percent fragments above 40 inches and have hue of 2.5Y or yellower in the BC and 2C horizons. The Amasa soils have Bhs horizons. The Duxbury and Monadnock soils are more moist in the soil moisture control section during the 120 days following the summer solstice and have hue of 2.5Y or yellower on the 2C horizons. In addition Duxbury soils contain no fragments greater than 3 inches.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Keewaydin soils are on nearly level to very steep moraines of Wisconsinan Age. These soils formed in silty or loamy eolian deposits and in the underlying glacial till. Slopes are predominantly 6 to 45 percent, but range from 1 to 70 percent. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 29 to 33 inches and mean annual temperature is about 40 to 43 degrees F.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Champion, Channing, Michigamme, Minocqua, Net, Sundog, and Witbeck soils. The moderately well drained Champion soils and the well drained Michigamme, and Sundog soils on similar landscapes. Champion soils have fragipans and Michigamme soils are underlain by a lithic contact within 40 inches. The somewhat poorly drained Channing and Net soils, the poorly drained Minocqua and Witbeck soils, and the very poorly drained Tawas and Cathro soils are in depressions and drainageways.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained. Surface runoff is slow to rapid. Permeability is moderate in the upper part of the profile and moderately rapid or rapid in the lower part.
USE AND VEGETATION: Most of this soil is in second growth woodland. Present overstory vegetation consists of sugar maple, red maple, yellow birch, eastern hemlock, aspen, eastern white pine, and balsam fir. Understory vegetation includes spinulose shield fern, wild lily-of-the-valley, bracken fern, and wild sarsaparilla.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: West central Upper Peninsula of Michigan. The series is of moderate extent.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: St. Paul, Minnesota.
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Marquette County, Michigan, 1998. The source of the name is a lake in Marquette and Baraga counties.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
a.bic horizon - the zone from the mineral soil surface to 4 inches (E horizon); spodic horizon - the zone from 4 to 10 inches.
ADDITIONAL DATA: Refer to pedon no. S92 MI-103-001 for laboratory data for this soil. Soil Interpretation Record No.: MI0643.