LOCATION FLUME VAEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine, mixed, semiactive, mesic Oxyaquic Hapludults
TYPICAL PEDON: Flume loam in woods at 310 feet elevation. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated)
Oi--0 to 2 inches; slightly decomposed plant material; gradual wavy boundary.
Oa--2 to 4 inches; highly decomposed plant material; common fine roots and common medium roots; clear smooth boundary.
A--4 to 9 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/3), loam, pale yellow (2.5Y 7/3), dry; weak coarse granular structure; very friable, nonsticky, nonplastic; few fine, common medium and common coarse roots; common fine moderate continuity tubular pores; 1 percent subangular metaquartzite medium gravels and 2 percent subangular metaquartzite fine gravels; extremely acid; gradual wavy boundary.
Bt1--9 to 16 inches; light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/4), loam; moderate coarse angular blocky structure; friable, nonsticky, nonplastic; few fine, few medium and common coarse roots; common fine moderate continuity tubular and common medium moderate continuity tubular pores; many discontinuous faint light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/4) clay bridging between sand grains; 1 percent subangular metaquartzite fine gravels; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
Bt2--16 to 24 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6), clay loam; strong coarse subangular blocky structure; firm, slightly sticky, slightly plastic; few fine and few medium roots; common fine moderate continuity tubular and common medium moderate continuity tubular pores; many discontinuous distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) clay films on all faces of peds; 5 percent subrounded metaquartzite fine gravels and 5 percent subrounded metaquartzite medium gravels; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
Bt3--24 to 32 inches; olive yellow (2.5Y 6/6), clay; weak coarse prismatic parting to strong coarse subangular blocky structure; firm, slightly sticky, slightly plastic; few fine and few medium roots; few fine low continuity tubular pores; many discontinuous distinct olive yellow (2.5Y 6/6) clay films on all faces of peds; common fine distinct pale yellow (2.5Y 7/3) iron depletions; common medium prominent red (2.5YR 4/8) iron-manganese masses; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
Bt4--32 to 39 inches; olive yellow (2.5Y 6/6), clay; weak coarse prismatic parting to strong medium subangular blocky structure; firm, slightly sticky, slightly plastic; few fine and few medium roots; few fine low continuity tubular pores; many continuous prominent olive yellow (2.5Y 6/6) clay films on all faces of peds; common medium prominent gray (2.5Y 6/1) iron depletions; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
Btg--39 to 44 inches; gray (2.5Y 6/1), clay; weak coarse prismatic parting to strong coarse angular blocky structure; firm, slightly sticky, slightly plastic; many continuous prominent light gray (10YR 7/1) clay films on all faces of peds; many medium prominent brownish yellow (10YR 6/8) iron-manganese masses; many medium prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) iron-manganese masses; very strongly acid; gradual irregular boundary.
BCt--44 to 71 inches; white (10YR 8/1), yellow (10YR 7/6), yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) and brownish yellow (10YR 6/8), clay; massive; firm, slightly sticky, nonplastic; few patchy prominent gray (2.5Y 6/1) clay films on surfaces along pores; common medium prominent gray (2.5Y 6/1) iron depletions in cracks; 3 percent subangular metaquartzite medium gravels; strongly acid.
C--71 to 80 inches; white (10YR 8/1), brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) and strong brown (7.5YR 5/6), loam; massive; friable, nonsticky, nonplastic; 3 percent subangular metaquartzite medium gravels; strongly acid.
Cr--80 inches; weathered bedrock.
TYPE LOCATION: Culpeper County, Virginia; from Jennings Store, 2.5 miles east-southeast on Route 610, then 0.75 miles south-southwest on logging road. Site is in woods, 150 feet southeast of logging road. Germanna Bridge, Virginia USGS 7.5 Minute Quadrangles. Latitude: 38 degrees, 24 minutes, 21.64 seconds north. Longitude: 77 degrees, 46 minutes, 50.26 seconds west. NAD27.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: The thickness of argillic is 10 to 50 inches. The thickness of the solum is 20 to 60 inches. The particle-size control section averages 35 to 60 percent clay. Depth to perched water table is 10 to 40 inches.
The A horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 3 to 5, and chroma of 2 to 4. It is loam or silt loam. Rock fragment content ranges from 0 to 20 percent. Rock fragments are mainly subangular medium and coarse metaquartzite gravels. Reaction is extremely acid or very strongly acid, unless limed. Some pedons have an Ap horizon that has hue of 2.5Y, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 3 or 4. It is loam. Rock fragment content ranges from 0 to 5 percent. Rock fragments are mainly subangular medium and coarse metaquartzite gravels. Reaction is extremely acid or very strongly acid, unless limed.
Some pedons have an E horizon that has hue of 10YR to 5Y, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 3 to 6. It is loam or silt loam. Rock fragment content ranges from 0 to 40 percent. Rock fragments are mainly subangular medium and coarse metaquartzite gravels. Reaction is extremely acid or very strongly acid, unless limed.
The Bt horizons have hue of 7.5YR to 5Y,or variegated 10YR to 5Y; value of 5 to 7, or variegated 5 to 8; and chroma of 3 to 8, or variegated 2 to 8. It is clay loam, silty clay loam, clay or silty clay. Rock fragment content ranges from 0 to 30 percent, mainly subangular medium and coarse metaquartzite gravels and cobbles. Reaction is extremely acid to neutral.
The Btg horizons have hue of 2.5Y, value of 6 to 8, and chroma of 1 or 2. It is loam, clay loam, silty clay loam, clay or silty clay. Reaction is extremely acid to neutral.
The BC horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, or variegated 5YR to 5Y; value of 5 or variegated 2 to 8; and chroma of 6 or variegated 1 to 8. It is silt loam, silty clay loam or clay loam. Reaction is very strongly acid through strongly acid.
The C horizon has hue of 7.5YR to 2.5Y, or variegated 2.5YR to 2.5Y; value of 5 or variegated 4 to 8; and chroma of 4 to 8, or variegated 1 to 8. It is loam, silt loam or silty clay loam. Reaction is very strongly acid to neutral.
The Cg horizon has hue of 2.5Y or 5Y, value of 7 or 8, and chroma of 1 or 2. It is loam or silt loam. Reaction is very strongly acid to neutral.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Appomattox, Bentley, and Cliquot series in the same family. The Appomattox and Bentley soils formed in a capping of mixed crystalline rock colluvium and old alluvium over residuum. The Cliquot series formed in colluvium over residuum of shale aor interbedded shale and sandstone.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Flume soils formed in residuum from schist, phyllite, metamonzonite and gneiss in the Northern Piedmont. Flume soils are on summits, shoulders, and backslopes of side slopes, head slopes and nose slopes of ridges. Slope gradients range from 0 to 15 percent. Mean annual air temperature 55.7 degrees F., with average winter temperature of 35.4 degrees F and average summer temperature of 74.6 degrees F. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 36.47 to 48.39 inches, frost free days range from 237 to 185 days, and elevation ranges from 100 feet to 400 feet above sea level.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Penhook, Yellowbottom, Happyland, Goldvein, Blocktown, and Drapermill soils. The well drained Happyland, Penhook, and Yellowbottom soils are on similar landscape positions. The moderately well drained Goldvein soils are on summits and shoulders of side slopes and head slopes. The well drained Blocktown and Drapermill soils are on steeper side slopes.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Moderately well drained. The potential for surface runoff potential is medium to high. Permeability is moderate in the upper part and slow to very slow in the lower parts of the series control section. In undisturbed areas the depth to the top of an apparent seasonal high water table 10 to 40 inches in most years.
USE AND VEGETATION: Soils are mainly in woodlands. Small areas have been cleared for cropland, hayland, and pasture. Native vegetation is mixed hardwoods, but much has been harvested and replanted to pine.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: MLRA 136 (mesic) and 148. The soils are of small extent.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Raleigh, North Carolina
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Culpeper County, Virginia, 2006.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
1) ochric epipedon - from 0 to 9 inches (Oi, Oa, and A horizons)
2) argillic horizon - from 9 to 30 inches (Bt horizons)
3) paralithic contact - 80 inches (Cr horizon)
ADDITIONAL DATA:
Typical Pedon Data Mapunit ID--411481
Benchmark Status: No