LOCATION FORMDALE MN
Established Series
DDM-KAA-JJB
01/2021
FORMDALE SERIES
The Formdale series consists of very deep, moderately well drained soils that formed in fine-loamy till. These soils are on linear slopes on ground moraines. Slope ranges from 0 to 6 percent Mean annual temperature is about 6 degrees C, and mean annual precipitation is about 645 millimeters.
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, frigid Oxyaquic Hapludolls
TYPICAL PEDON: Formdale clay loam, on a linear slope of 3 percent on a ground moraine in a cultivated field. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
Ap--0 to 19 centimeters; black (10YR 2/1) clay loam, very dark gray (10YR 3/1) dry; strong medium cloddy structure parting to moderate fine subangular blocky; friable; few fine roots; slightly alkaline; abrupt smooth boundary. (15 to 34 centimeters thick)
Bwl--19 to 30 centimeters; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) clay loam, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) dry; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; friable; very few fine roots; slightly alkaline; abrupt smooth boundary.
Bw2--30 to 50 centimeters; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) clay loam; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; friable; very few fine roots; slightly alkaline; clear smooth boundary. (Combined thickness of Bw horizons is 15 to 27 centimeters.)
Bk1--50 to 76 centimeters; olive brown (2.5Y 4/4) clay loam; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; friable; 5 percent gravel; violently effervescent; moderately alkaline; clear smooth boundary.
Bk2--76 to 90 centimeters; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few medium prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) redoximorphic concentrations and few medium distinct gray (2.5Y 5/1) depletions; 5 percent gravel; few fine soft light gray (10YR 7/1) masses of carbonates; violently effervescent; moderately alkaline; clear smooth boundary.
Bk3--90 to 122 centimeters; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) clay loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common medium prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) redoximorphic concentrations and common medium distinct gray (2.5Y 5/1) depletions; 3 percent gravel; few fine soft light gray (10YR 7/1) masses of carbonates; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline; gradual smooth boundary. (Combined thickness of the Bk horizons is 30 to 84 centimeters thick)
C1--122 to 140 centimeters; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) clay loam; massive; friable; common medium prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) redoximorphic concentrations and few medium distinct gray (2.5Y 5/1) depletions; 5 percent gravel; slightly effervescent; moderately alkaline; gradual smooth boundary.
C2--140 to 200 centimeters; olive brown (2.5Y 4/4) clay loam; massive; friable; many coarse prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) and dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) redoximorphic concentrations and common coarse distinct gray (2.5Y 6/1) depletions; 5 percent gravel; slightly effervescent; moderately alkaline.
TYPE LOCATION: Major Land Resource Area 102A - Rolling Till Prairie; Otter Tail County, Minnesota subset; about 6 miles east of Erhard; 2300 feet south and 2400 feet east of the northwest corner of sec. 27, T. 135 N., R. 44 W.; Latitude 46.479473 degrees N., Longitude 96.208924 degrees W., NAD83, USGS Elizabeth, MN USGS 7.5 minute quadrangle.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Thickness of mollic epipedon - 20 to 40 centimeters
Depth to carbonates - 25 to 64 centimeters
Clay content of the particle size control section (weighted average) - 18 to 35 percent
Sand content of the particle size control section (weighted average) - 15 to 25 fine sand and coarser
Rock fragment content - 0 to 10 percent gravel, 0 to 2 percent cobbles, mixed lithology
Depth to redoximorphic features - 75 to 100 centimeters
Ap horizon:
Hue - 10YR or 2.5Y
Value - 2 to 3 moist, 3 or 4 dry
Chroma - 1 or 2
Texture - typically clay loam or loam, but range includes silty clay loam and silt loam
Reaction - pH 6.6 to 7.3
Thickness - 15 to 34 centimeters
Bw horizon:
Hue - 10YR or 2.5Y
Value - 3 to 5
Chroma - 2 to 4
Texture - clay loam, loam, silty clay loam, or silt loam
Reaction - pH 6.6 to 7.8
Thickness - 15 to 27 centimeters
Bk horizon:
Hue - 10YR or 2.5Y
Value - 4 to 6
Chroma - 2 to 4
Texture - clay loam, loam, silty clay loam, or silt loam
Calcium carbonate equivalent - 15 to 40 percent
Reaction - pH 7.4 to 8.4
Redoximorphic features - common to many, distinct or prominent depletions and concentrations below a depth of 75 centimeters
Thickness - 30 to 84 centimeters
C horizon:
Hue - 2.5Y
Value - 4 to 6
Chroma - 3 to 6
Texture - clay loam, loam, silty clay loam, or silt loam
Reaction - pH 7.4 to 8.4
Redoximorphic features - common to many, distinct or prominent depletions and concentrations
COMPETING SERIES:
Kittson - have on average more than 50 percent sand in the upper third of the series control section.
Souris - have on average more than 30 percent fine sand or coarser in the particle-size control section and less silt in the C horizon. They occur in the western extent of the udic regime and have a thinner solum.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Landform - level to sloping ground moraines
Parent material - fine-loamy till
Slope - 0 to 6 percent
Elevation - 280 to 650 meters above sea level
Mean annual air temperature - 3 to 8 degrees C
Mean annual precipitation - 550 to 780 millimeters
Frost-free period - 120 to 160 days
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS:
These are the
Aazdahl,
Balaton,
Buse,
Flom,
Hamerly,
Hokans, and
Quam soils.
Aazdahl - are on level and nearly level slopes, commonly have a deeper mollic epipedon, and have redoximorphic features within 75 centimeters
Balaton - are on convex slopes and summits of rises and are calcareous to the surface
Buse - are on steeper convex slopes and shoulders and are calcareous to the surface
Flom - are on flats and depressions and have an aquic moisture regime
Hamerly - are on slightly lower landscape positions and are calcareous
Hokans - are on more sloping areas and have redox features at depths greater than 100 centimeters
Quam - are in depressions, are cumulic, and have an aquic moisture regime
DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY:
Drainage class--moderately well drained--these soils are frequently saturated between a depth of 75 and 100 centimeters during the wettest part (April and May) of normal years; this saturation is considered apparent.
Saturated hydraulic conductivity--1.00 to 14.00 micrometers per second
USE AND VEGETATION:
Most areas are cultivated. Corn, soybeans, and small grains are the principal crops. Native vegetation was tall grass prairie.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT:
Physiographic Division--Interior Plains
Physiographic Province--Central Lowland
Physiographic Section--Western Lake section
MLRA-Rolling Till Prairie (102A)
LRR-Central Feed Grains and Livestock Region (M)
Extent--large
SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (SSRO) RESPONSIBLE: ST. PAUL, MINNESOTA
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Grant County, Minnesota, 1974.
REMARKS:
Particle-size control section-the zone from a depth of 25 to 100 centimeters (Bw and Bk horizons); series control section--the zone from the surface of the soil to a depth of 150 centimeters (Ap, Bw, Bk, and C horizons).
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon include:
mollic epipedon - zone from the surface of the soil to a depth of 19 centimeters (Ap horizon)
aquic conditions - Endosaturation - 75 to 100 centimeters
redoximorphic features - Redoximorphic concentrations and depletions - 75 to 200 centimeters
soil moisture control section - 10 to 30 centimeters
udic moisture regime
soil temperature control section - at a depth of 50 centimeters
frigid soil temperature regime
Cation exchange activity class is inferred from lab data for similar soils in the area.
Taxonomy version - Keys to Soil Taxonomy, Twelfth Editions, 2014.
The Formdale series was previously classified as Calcic Hapudolls.
ADDITIONAL DATA:
Pedon 2018MN111090 is the type location.
Laboratory data - pedons S1962MN149501 and S1982MN155004 (3523) provide some additional data.
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National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.