LOCATION FORTYDAY                WA

Established Series
Rev. SDK/RJE/KWH/RWL
09/2019

FORTYDAY SERIES

Landscape--plateaus
Landform--south-facing slopes of structural benches and ridges
Slope--0 to 70 percent
Parent material--residuum and colluvium derived from basalt and a small amount of loess
Mean annual precipitation--about 200 mm
Mean annual air temperature--about 10 degrees C
Depth class--shallow
Drainage class--well drained
Soil moisture regime--aridic
Soil temperature regime--mesic
Soil moisture subclass--xeric

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Loamy-skeletal, mixed, superactive, mesic Lithic Xeric Haplargids

TYPICAL PEDON: Fortyday very gravelly silt loam, 25 percent slopes, in an area of rangeland

A--0 to 10 cm; very gravelly silt loam, yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) dry, dark brown (10YR 3/3) moist; weak medium granular structure; soft, very friable, nonsticky and slightly plastic; common very fine and fine and few medium roots; common fine tubular pores; 35 percent gravel and 15 percent surface cobbles; moderately alkaline (pH 8.0); clear wavy boundary

AB--10 to 20 cm; gravelly silt loam, yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) dry, dark brown (10YR 3/3) moist; weak coarse prismatic structure; slightly hard, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; common very fine and fine and few medium roots; few fine tubular pores; 20 percent gravel; moderately alkaline (pH 8.0); clear wavy boundary

Bt1--20 to 28 cm; very cobbly sandy loam, light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) dry, dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) moist; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; few very fine and fine roots; few fine tubular pores; few thin colloids and bridges between mineral grains; 40 percent cobbles and 10 percent gravel; moderately alkaline (pH 8.l); clear wavy boundary

Bt2--28 to 48 cm; extremely cobbly loam, brown (7.5YR 4/4) dry, brown (7.5YR 4/3) moist; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; hard, friable, slightly sticky and plastic; few very fine roots; few fine tubular pores; common thin clay films on faces of peds; 55 percent cobbles and 10 percent gravel; moderately alkaline (pH 8.0); abrupt irregular boundary

R--48 cm; basalt

TYPE LOCATION: Yakama Nation, Yakima County, Washington, about 11 km southwest of Toppenish; about 400 m east and 240 m north of the southwest corner of section 3, T. 9 N., R. 19 E.; latitude 46.288577, longitude -120.434409, datum WGS 84 (coordinates estimated from PLSS details)

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Mean annual soil temperature at lithic contact--9 to 12 degrees C
Soil moisture--usually dry in all parts between depths of 10 to 30 cm
Thickness of solum and depth to bedrock--36 to 50 cm
Average clay content in particle-size control section--18 to 25 percent
Rock fragment content in particle-size control section--35 to 80 percent
Reaction--6.6 to 8.4 throughout

A horizon
Hue--10YR, 7.5YR
Value--5 or 6 dry, 3 or 4 moist
Chroma--2 to 5 dry or moist
Texture of fine-earth fraction--loam, silt loam, sandy loam
Rock fragment content--15 to 60 percent
Thickness--5 to 10 cm

AB horizon, and BA horizon (where present)
Value--3 or 4 moist
Texture of fine-earth fraction--sandy loam, loam, silt loam
Rock fragment content--15 to 60 percent
Thickness of AB horizon--10 to 20 cm

Bt horizon
Hue--10YR, 7.5YR
Value--5 or 6 dry, 3 or 4 moist
Chroma--2 to 5 dry or moist
Texture of fine-earth fraction--sandy loam, sandy clay loam, loam, silt loam, clay loam
Rock fragment content--35 to 80 percent
Combined thickness--18 to 43 cm

COMPETING SERIES:
Atlow--27 to 35 percent clay in argillic horizon
Boomstick--50 to 70 percent rock fragments, mostly channers, in particle-size control section; secondary carbonates in lower part of Bt horizon
Checkett--27 to 35 percent clay in argillic horizon; calcareous throughout
Chubard--15 to 36 cm (very shallow, shallow) to a lithic contact (hard welded tuff)
Cottle--effervescent in lower part of Bt horizon
Doorkiss--more than 27 percent clay in particle-size control section
Gabbvally--15 to 36 cm (very shallow, shallow) to a lithic contact (rhyolitic tuff); mean annual soil temperature of 12 to 15 degrees C
Hooplite--15 to 36 cm (very shallow, shallow) to a lithic contact (rhyolitic tuff)
Nevo--13 to 25 cm (very shallow) to a lithic contact (basalt); 25 to 33 percent clay in particle-size control section
Olac--20 to 36 cm (very shallow, shallow) to a lithic contact (andesite)
Old Camp--27 to 35 percent clay in argillic horizon
Phliss--secondary carbonates in argillic horizon
Richinde--Btk horizon; dominantly channers
Rowel--mean annual soil temperature of 12 to 14 degrees C
Soughe--25 to 35 percent clay in argillic horizon
Stewval--11 to 36 cm (very shallow, shallow) to a lithic contact (rhyolite); effervescent throughout
Thike--13 to 36 cm (very shallow, shallow) to a lithic contact (granite); 12 to 18 percent clay in particle-size control section

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Elevation--150 to 670 m
Climate--warm, dry summers; cool, moist winters
Mean annual precipitation--150 to 230 mm
Mean annual air temperature--9 to 11 degrees C
Frost-free season--130 to 195 days

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS:
Bakeoven--on ridgetops; 10 to 25 cm (very shallow) to a lithic contact (basalt)
Kiona, Lizzysprings--on ridges
Onepennee--on plateaus
Prosser--on benches; 50 to 100 cm (moderately deep) to a lithic contact (basalt)
Shano--on uplands
Sohappy--on hillslopes; 100 to 150 cm (deep) to a duripan
Starbuck--on benches and hillslopes; less than 35 percent coarse fragments in particle-size control section

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY:
Drainage class--well drained
Saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat)--moderately high

USE AND VEGETATION:
Use--livestock grazing
Vegetation--dominantly purple sage, Sandberg bluegrass, bluebunch wheatgrass, and eriogonum

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: South-central Washington in Yakima County; MLRAs 7, 8; small extent

SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (SSRO) RESPONSIBLE: Portland, Oregon

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Yakima Training Center; Yakima County, Washington; 1994

REMARKS:
Diagnostic horizons and other features recognized in this pedon
*Ochric epipedon
*Argillic horizon--zone from 20 to 48 cm
*Depth to lithic contact--48 cm
*Particle-size control section--zone from 20 to 48 cm; averages 61 percent rock fragments

The Fortyday series was reclassified based on Amendment 17 of Soil Taxonomy. Organic carbon content is less than 0.6 percent in upper part.

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National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.