LOCATION OLD CAMP NV+CA OR
Established Series
Rev. JBF/TM/JVC
09/2019
OLD CAMP SERIES
The Old Camp series consists of shallow, well drained soils that formed in residuum and colluvium derived from volcanic rocks. Old Camp soils are on hills, mountains, and plateaus. Slopes are 2 to 75 percent. The mean annual precipitation is about 250 mm and the mean annual temperature is about 8 degrees C.
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Loamy-skeletal, mixed, superactive, mesic Lithic Xeric Haplargids
TYPICAL PEDON: Old Camp very gravelly loam--rangeland. (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise noted.) The soil surface is covered with approximately 50 percent medium and coarse basalt gravel.
A--0 to 5 cm; very pale brown (10YR 7/3) very gravelly loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; weak medium platy structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; common very fine and fine roots; common very fine and fine vesicular pores; 45 percent gravel; neutral (pH 7.0); clear wavy boundary. (3 to 18 cm thick)
Bt--5 to 15 cm; pale brown (10YR 6/3) clay loam, dark brown (10YR 3/3) moist; strong very fine angular blocky structure; soft, very friable; moderately sticky and moderately plastic; many very fine and fine, few medium roots; many very fine interstitial pores; few faint clay films on faces of peds; neutral (pH 6.8); abrupt wavy boundary. (0 to 18 cm thick)
2Btk--15 to 36 cm; brown (10YR 5/3) extremely stony clay loam, dark yellowish brown (10YR 3/4) moist; moderate medium and fine subangular blocky structure; hard, friable, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; common very fine and fine, few medium roots; many very fine interstitial pores; few and common distinct clay films on faces of peds and coating fine gravel; 20 percent gravel, 25 percent cobbles and 30 percent stones; many fine to coarse distinct or prominent yellow (10YR 7/6), brownish yellow (10YR 6/6), and yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) lithochromic mottles; secondary carbonates segregated as many coarse very pale brown (10YR 8/2) masses on bottoms of rock fragments; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline (pH 7.6); abrupt irregular boundary. (10 to 33 cm thick)
2R--36 cm; fractured basalt; very pale brown (10YR 8/2) carbonate coats on the bedrock surface and in fractures.
TYPE LOCATION: Washoe County, Nevada; about 34 miles northwest of Gerlach and 2 miles east of Round Mountain; approximately 500 feet west and 300 feet north of the southeast corner of section 7, T. 36 N., R. 20 E.; USGS Juniper Springs 7.5 minute topographic quadrangle; latitude 41 degrees 0 minutes 28 seconds N and longitude 119 degrees 46 minutes 17 seconds W; WGS84 Decimal Degrees 41.0076667 latitude, -119.7713889 longitude.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Soil moisture: Usually moist from late November through May, dry from June through mid-October; aridic moisture regime that borders on xeric.
Mean annual soil temperature: 8 to 11 degrees C.
Ochric epipedon thickness: 3 to 18 cm.
Depth to base of argillic horizon: 25 to 50 cm.
Depth to bedrock: 25 to 50 cm to a lithic contact.
Particle-size control section - Clay content: 22 to 35 percent;
Rock fragments: Average 50 to 75 percent, dominantly cobbles and stones. The upper part has 0 to 50 percent rock fragments in some pedons. Lithology of fragments is volcanic rocks such as basalt, rhyolite, andesite, and tuff.
A horizon
Value: 5 through 7 dry, 3 or 4 moist.
Chroma: 2 or 3, dry or moist.
Reaction: Neutral through moderately alkaline.
Bt and 2Btk horizons
Hue: 10YR or 7.5YR
Value: 4 through 7 dry, 3 through 5 moist.
Chroma: 2 through 4, dry or moist.
Texture (less than 2 millimeter fraction): Clay loam or sandy clay loam; some pedons have subhorizons of loam.
Rock fragments: Average 50 to 75 percent, mainly cobbles and stones.
Consistence: Soft to hard; very friable or friable, slightly sticky or moderately sticky and slightly plastic or moderately plastic.
Structure: Weak to strong, coarse to fine angular blocky or subangular blocky.
Reaction: Neutral or slightly alkaline in the upper part, neutral through strongly alkaline in the lower part.
Effervescence: Noneffervescent or slightly effervescent in the Bt horizon; noneffervescent to strongly effervescent in the Btk horizon.
Identifiable secondary carbonates: Few, fine to coarse coats on rock fragments in the Btk horizon or on the bedrock surface.
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 0 to 5 percent.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the
Atlow,
Boomstick,
Checkett,
Chubard,
Cottle,
Doorkiss,
Fortyday,
Gabbvally,
Hooplite,
Nevo,
Olac,
Phliss,
Richinde,
Rowel,
Soughe,
Stewval, and
Thike series.
Atlow and
Gabbvally soils have 35 to 50 percent rock fragments in the argillic horizon.
Boomstick soils are dominated by channers or flagstones in the particle-size control section.
Checkett soils are effervescent throughout.
Chubard and
Richinde soils are intermittently moist for 10 to 20 days cumulative between July and October due to convection storms.
Cottle,
Doorkiss, and
Soughe soils are dominated by gravel in the particle-size control section.
Fortyday and
Olac soils are noneffervescent throughout and do not have identifiable secondary carbonates in the lower part of the argillic horizon.
Hooplite soils are effervescent throughout and are dominated by gravel in the particle-size control section.
Nevo soils do not have horizons with identifiable secondary carbonates and have secondary silica coats on the lithic contact.
Phliss soils are dominated by channers in the particle-size control section.
Rowel soils have argillic horizons with 40 to 55 percent clay.
Stewval soils are effervescent throughout and are intermittently moist for 10 to 20 days cumulative between July and October due to convection storms.
Thike soils are dominated by granitic rock fragments and have 12 to 18 percent clay in the particle-size control section.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Old Camp soils are on hills, mountains, and plateaus. They typically occur on backslope positions. They formed in residuum and colluvium derived from volcanic rocks with an amount of eolian material derived from volcanic ash. Slopes are 2 to 75 percent. Elevations range from 1,340 to 2,130 meters in northern latitudes and to 2,195 meters in southern latitudes. The climate is semiarid with cool, moist winters and warm, dry summers. The mean annual precipitation is 200 to 330 mm, the mean annual temperature is 6 to 9 degrees C, and the frost-free period is 80 to 110 days.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: This is the
Langston soil in the area of the type location. Langston soils are fine-loamy over sandy or sandy-skeletal, and are very deep.
DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Well drained; moderately high saturated hydraulic conductivity.
USE AND VEGETATION: Old Camp soils are used for livestock grazing and wildlife habitat. The vegetation is mainly Wyoming big sagebrush in northern latitudes and black sagebrush in southern latitudes with spiny hopsage, littleleaf horsebrush, bottlebrush squirreltail, and Sandberg's bluegrass.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Western and northern Nevada, northeastern California, and southeastern Oregon. These soils are extensive with about 314,000 acres of the series mapped to date. The original series concept is in MLRA 23, the majority of the acreage is in MLRA 27, and other acreage occurs in MLRAs 24, 26, 28B, and 29.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Davis, California.
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Nye County (Big Smoky Valley Area), Nevada, 1972.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon - The zone from the soil surface to 5 cm (A horizon).
Argillic horizon - The zone from 5 to 36 cm (Bt and 2Btk horizons).
Identifiable secondary carbonates - The zone from 15 to 36 cm (2Btk horizon).
Lithic contact - The boundary at 36 cm to underlying hard bedrock (2R layer).
Particle-size control section - The zone from the soil surface to 36 cm (A, Bt, and 2Btk horizons).
ADDITIONAL DATA: A pedon of Old Camp has full characterization data by the Soil Survey Laboratory (SSL), Lincoln, NE, as pedon ID S01NV-031-001 (pedon # 02P0101).
During the MLRA update the soils in the southern latitudes should be correlated to another series concept.
User Pedon ID: 2002NV031037.
National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.