LOCATION FOYIL OK+KS
Established Series
Rev. GFS-JBB-JCP
10/2017
FOYIL SERIES
The Foyil series consists of very deep, well drained, slowly permeable soils that formed in reclaimed mine spoils that have had the topsoil and some subsoil material replaced. The surface is composed of salvaged topsoil from pre-mine soils, and the subsurface material is formed in replaced subsoil and rock/pararock fragments from shale and sandstone of Pennsylvanian age. The substratum is dominantly fragments of shale and sandstone. Slope ranges from 1 to 8 percent. Mean annual precipitation is about 1140 mm (45 inches), and mean annual air temperature is about 16 degrees C (60 degrees F).
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine, spolic, mixed, active, nonacid, thermic Anthrodensic Udorthents
TYPICAL PEDON: Foyil clay loam, on a 2 percent slope in pasture. At an elevation of 213 m (698 feet) above mean sea level. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
^Ap1--0 to 8 cm (0 to 3 inches); dark brown (10YR 3/3) clay loam; weak very fine angular blocky structure parting to weak fine granular; very hard, firm; many fine roots; very few fine pores; pararock fragments of shale, and fragments of limestone and sandstone less than 76 mm diameter make up 3 percent by volume; moderately acid; clear smooth boundary. [5 to 15 cm (2 to 6 inches) thick]
^Ap2--8 to 23 cm (3 to 9 inches); very dark gray (10YR 3/1) clay loam; weak coarse cloddy; very hard, firm; many fine roots; very few fine pores; pararock fragments of shale, and fragments of limestone and sandstone less than 76 mm diameter make up 5 percent by volume; few fragments (2 percent) of yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) clay believed to be remnants of the Bt horizon; moderately alkaline; few strongly effervescent spots (HCl, unspecified); clear smooth boundary. [13 to 30 cm (5 to 12 inches) thick]
^C--23 to 58 cm (9 to 23 inches); gray (10YR 5/1) very paragravelly clay; massive, cloddy; very hard, firm; few fine roots; shale and sandstone fragments less than 76 mm diameter make up 40 percent by volume; few fragments (2 percent) of yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) clay believed to be remnants of the Bt horizon; moderately alkaline; abrupt wavy boundary. [20 to 56 cm (8 to 22 inches) thick]
^Cd--58 to 203 cm (23 to 80 inches); dark gray (10YR 4/1) shale pararock fragments (65 percent) with sandstone fragments (15 percent) and silty clay (20 percent); massive; extremely hard, extremely firm; these materials have been excavated as overburden, churned, and replaced during strip mining; discreet pararock fragments range from 1 cm to 100 cm diameter; some of the clay appears to be the result of weathering of the shale; very few fine roots in cracks which are more than 10 cm apart; moderately alkaline.
TYPE LOCATION: Rogers County, Oklahoma; about 3 miles west of Foyil, 1900 feet north and 200 feet west of the southeast corner of sec. 34, T. 23 N., R. 16 E.; USGS Foyil topographic quadrangle; lat. 36.4272472 degrees and long. -95.5800472 degrees, WGS84.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Coal fragments: Fragments of coal range from 0 to 5 percent in all horizons.
Randomly arranged fragments of argillic horizons and mollic epipedons may occur in any horizon(s).
Soil Moisture: udic soil moisture regime.
Particle size control section: averages 35 to 50 percent clay, at a depth of 25 to 58 cm (10 to 23 inches).
Ap horizon
Hue: 10YR
Value: 2 to 3
Chroma: 1 to 3
Texture: clay loam, gravelly clay loam, paragravelly clay loam, silty clay loam, gravelly silty clay loam, or paragravelly silty clay loam.
Rock and pararock fragment content: 1 to 15 percent.
Reaction: moderately acid to moderately alkaline.
C horizon
Hue: 10YR to 5Y
Value: 4 to 6
Chroma: 1 to 2
Texture: very paragravelly clay loam, very paragravelly silty clay loam, or very paragravelly clay.
Rock and pararock fragment content: 35 to 60 percent.
Reaction: mildly alkaline to moderately alkaline
Note: rock fragments make up less than half the total volume and less than 15 percent.
Cd horizon
Hue: 10YR to 5Y
Value: 3 to 5
Chroma: 1 to 4
Texture: extremely paragravelly clay loam, extremely paragravelly silty clay loam, or extremely paragravelly clay.
Rock and pararock fragment content: 60 to 90 percent.
Reaction: mildly alkaline to moderately alkaline
Note: pockets or fragments of an argillic horizon similar to those of the associated Mollisols make up to 10 percent by volume. The fragments of argillic horizons have higher chroma than the C horizon. Rock fragments make up less than half the total volume and less than 15 percent.
COMPETING SERIES: There are no other series in this family.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Foyil soils are on slopes of hills and valleys constructed after strip mining operations; reclamation operations resulted in landforms similar to pre-mining contours. Slope ranges from 1 to 12 percent. The soils were excavated and replaced with loamy and clayey material weathered from sandstone and shale of Pennsylvanian age. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 965 to 1321 mm (38 to 52 inches). Mean annual temperature ranges from 13.9 to 16.7 degrees C (57 to 62 degrees F). Frost-free period is 200 to 240 days. Elevation is 152.4 to 304.8 meters (500 to 1000 feet) above mean sea level. Thornthwaite annual P-E indices is: greater than 64.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the
Bates,
Brazilton,
Claremore,
Collinsville,
Coweta,
Dennis,
Endsaw,
Eram,
Hector,
Kanima,
Okemah,
Parsons,
Summit, and
Talala series.
Bates,
Claremore,
Collinsville,
Coweta,
Dennis,
Endsaw,
Eram,
Hector,
Okemah,
Parsons, and
Summit soils have not been mined and do not have an excavated and replaced solum and substratum.
Bates,
Claremore,
Dennis,
Okemah,
Parsons, and
Summit soils have mollic epipedons and argillic horizons.
Endsaw and
Eram soils have argillic horizons.
Coweta and
Collinsville soils are shallow to undisturbed sandstone and have mollic epipedons.
Brazilton soils have had the subsoil replaced, lack parafragments in the solum, and are more than 40 inches deep over replaced shaly overburden.
Talala soils are loamy, have limestone fragments, and are shallow over the dense, replaced substratum.
Kanima soils are loamy skeletal and do not have a replaced topsoil with mollic colors.
DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Well drained. Potential for surface runoff is high to very high. Saturated hydraulic conductivity is moderately low to moderately high (1.4 - 4 micrometers per second) in the upper part and series control section. Saturated hydraulic conductivity is very low to moderately low (0.01 - 1.4 micrometers per second) in the lower part.
USE AND VEGETATION: Used mainly for pasture, wildlife habitat, and recreation. Vegetation is mainly fescue, bermudagrass, legumes, annual grasses, and weeds. Winged elm, common hackberry, and Osageorange trees are invading some sites.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Cherokee Prairies (MLRA 112) of Oklahoma. The series is of small extent.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Indianapolis, Indiana
SERIES PROPOSED: Rogers County, Oklahoma, 2002. The name is from the town of Foyil.
REMARKS: These soils are the result of post-1977 strip mining. The landscape was returned to its original elevation and contour, and topsoil was returned to the site. The subsurface is formed in replaced soil and rock fragments from shale and sandstone of Pennsylvanian age. The substratum is a mixture of shale and sandstone overburden moved during mining. The topsoil was stripped and replaced on-site or on adjacent mined sites. Constructed drainage channels and rectangular or linear ponds are characteristic of reclaimed areas.
Diagnostic horizon and features in this pedon are:
Particle-size control section: The zone from 25 to 58 cm (10 to 23 inches).
Ochric epipedon: 0 to 23 cm (0 to 9 inches). This horizon is composed of former mollic epipedons from the original soils. It meets the color and organic carbon requirement for the mollic epipedon, but is hard and massive when dry.
Densic contact: 58 cm (23 inches). Dense, root restricting earthy material mixed with shale pararock fragments.
Base saturation is more than 35 percent.
Udic moisture regime: moisture control section is dry in some part less than 90 days per year.
Taxonomy version: Keys to Soil Taxonomy, twelfth edition, 2014.
National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.