LOCATION GAVERS OH
Established Series
LER-RWB-ART
09/2016
GAVERS SERIES
The Gavers series consists of very deep, somewhat poorly drained soils formed in Loess up to 40 inches thick,colluvium and in residuum from Pennsylvanian age acid shale, siltstone, clayey shale and some limestone on base slopes. Permeability is moderate or moderately slow in the Loess and moderately slow or slow in the underlying material. Slopes range from 2 to 6 percent. Mean annual precipitation is about 37 inches, and the mean annual temperature is about 51
degrees F.
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Aeric Epiaqualfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Gavers silt loam, on a south facing, convex 6 percent slope in a cornfield. Elevation is about 1,050 feet above msl. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise noted.)
Ap--0 to 8 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silt loam, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry; moderate fine and medium granular structure; friable; common fine and medium roots; common fine and medium distinct dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) rounded strongly cemented iron-manganese nodules in the matrix; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary. (6 to 10 inches thick).
BE--8 to 12 inches; variegated 60 percent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) and 40 percent light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) silty clay loam; moderate fine and medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine and medium roots; 60 percent fine and medium distinct light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) clay depletions on faces of peds and in pores; few fine prominent yellowish red (5YR 5/6) threadlike masses of iron accumulation lining pores; few fine and medium prominent dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) irregular masses of iron-manganese accumulation in the matrix; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. (0 to 6 inches thick).
Btg--12 to 17 inches; gray (10YR 6/1) silty clay loam; moderate fine and medium subangular blocky structure; firm; common fine and medium roots; few faint gray (10YR 5/1) and distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) clay films on faces of peds and in pores; few distinct pale brown (10YR 6/3) silt coats in pores; many medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) irregular iron accumulations in the matrix; few fine prominent yellowish red (5YR 5/6) threadlike masses of iron accumulation lining pores and few fine and medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) irregular masses of iron accumulation in the matrix adjacent to pores; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
Bt1--17 to 24 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) silty clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; few fine roots; many prominent gray (10YR 5/1) clay films on faces of peds and in pores; few distinct pale brown (10YR 6/3) silt coats in pores; 15 percent fine and medium prominent gray (10YR 6/1) irregular iron depletions in the matrix; common fine and medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) irregular masses of iron accumulation in the matrix adjacent to pores; common fine prominent dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) masses of iron-manganese accumulation lining pores; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the Bt horizon is 12 to 36 inches).
2Bt2--24 to 30 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) channery silt loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; few fine roots; common prominent gray (10YR 5/1) and dark gray (N 4/0) clay films on faces of peds and in pores; 10 percent fine and medium distinct light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) clay depletions on faces of peds and in pores; 15 percent fine and medium prominent gray (10YR 6/1) irregular iron depletions in the matrix; many fine prominent dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) masses of iron-manganese accumulation lining pores; 5 percent channers; 15 percent channers; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary.
2Bt3--30 to 42 inches; variegated yellowish brown (10YR 5/6), 80 percent, light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4), 20 percent, silt loam; weak coarse and very coarse prismatic structure parting to moderate medium subangular blocky; very firm; few fine roots; common prominent gray (10YR 5/1) clay films on vertical and horizontal faces of peds; 5 percent fine and medium distinct light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) clay depletions on vertical faces of peds; 5 percent fine and medium prominent gray (10YR 6/1) irregular iron depletions in the matrix; few fine prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) masses of iron accumulation on vertical faces of peds; common fine prominent dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) masses of iron-manganese accumulation on vertical and horizontal faces of peds; 5 percent channers; neutral; clear wavy boundary.
2Bt4--42 to 52 inches; variegated yellowish brown (10YR 5/6), 80 percent, light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4), 20 percent, silty clay loam; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; very firm; few fine roots; common prominent gray (10YR 5/1) clay films on faces of peds; 5 percent fine and medium distinct light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) clay depletions on faces of peds and in pores; 10 percent fine and medium prominent gray (10YR 6/1) irregular iron depletions in the matrix; common fine and medium prominent dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) masses of iron-manganese accumulation on faces of peds; 10 percent channers; neutral; clear wavy boundary.
2Bt5--52 to 60 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) channery silty clay loam; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; firm; few fine roots; common prominent gray (10YR 5/1) clay films on faces of peds; 10 percent fine and medium prominent light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron depletions in the matrix and lining pores; few fine and medium prominent dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) masses of iron-manganese accumulation on faces of peds; 20 percent channers; neutral; clear wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the 2Bt horizon is 28 to 40 inches).
2BC--60 to 78 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) channery loam; few fine and medium distinct light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) irregular mottles in the matrix; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; firm; few fine prominent dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) irregular masses of iron-manganese accumulation in the matrix; 15 percent channers; neutral; clear wavy boundary. (0 to 18 inches thick).
3C--78 to 88 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) silty clay; few fine and medium prominent light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) and strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) irregular mottles in the matrix;massive; firm; slightly plastic and sticky; common fine and medium prominent dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) irregular masses of iron-manganese accumulation in the matrix; 5 percent channers; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline.
TYPE LOCATION:
Columbiana County, Ohio; about 2 miles west of Gavers in Franklin Township, about 80 feet west and 2,360 feet south of the northeast corner of sec. 7, T. 13 N., R. 3 W.;U.S.G.S. Gavers, Ohio topographic quadrangle; Latitude 40 degrees 42 minutes 20 seconds N. and Longitude 80 degrees 50 minutes 31 seconds W., NAD 1927.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
The depth to the top of the Argillic horizon is 6 to 16 inches. The depth to the base of the Argillic horizon is 40 to 60 inches. Solum thickness ranges from 44 to 80 inches. Depth to carbonates is more than 60 inches. Depth to lithic or paralithic contact ranges from 60 to more than 80 inches. The particle size control section ranges from 22 to 34 percent clay and 2 to 12 percent sand.
The Ap horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 4, and chroma of 2 or 3. It is silt loam. It has weak or moderate, fine or medium, granular structure. Consistence is friable. It is strongly acid or moderately acid in unlimed areas, and ranges to neutral in limed areas.
The BE horizon, where present, has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 2 to 6. It is silt loam or silty clay loam. It has weak or moderate, fine or medium, subangular blocky structure. Consistence is friable. It is strongly acid or moderately acid.
The Bt horizon has hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 1 to 6. It is silt loam or silty clay loam. It has moderate, fine or medium, subangular blocky structure. Consistence is friable or firm. It is strongly acid or moderately acid.
The 2Bt horizon has hue of 10YR, 7.5YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 1 to 6. It is silt loam or silty clay loam in the fine earth fraction. It has weak or moderate, medium to very coarse, prismatic or subangular blocky structure. Consistence is firm or very firm. The content of rock fragments ranges from 5 to 20 percent. The content of rock fragments ranges from 0 to 15 percent. It is moderately acid to neutral.
The 2BC horizon, where present, has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 4 to 6. It is silt loam, silty clay loam, or loam in the fine earth fraction. It has weak, medium to coarse subangular blocky structure. Consistence is firm or friable. The content of rock fragments ranges from 5 to 20 percent. Reaction is slightly acid or neutral.
The 2C horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 2 to 6. It is silt loam, silty clay loam or loam in the fine earth fraction. Consistence is firm or friable. The content of rock fragments ranges from 5 to 25 percent. Reaction is strongly acid to neutral.
The 3C horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 4 to 6. It is silt loam, silty clay loam or silty clay in the fine earth fraction. Consistence is firm. Rock fragments range from 5 to 35 percent. Reaction is strongly acid to moderately alkaline.
COMPETING SERIES:
These are the
Coulterville,
Fincastle,
Herbert and
Millstadt series. Coulterville soils have exchangeable sodium in concentrations of 5 to 15 percent in one or more subhorizons between depths of 10 and 40 inches. Fincastle soils have carbonates at depths from 35 to 60 inches. Herbert soils have the base of the argillic horizon at less than 40 inches. Millstadt soils have the base of the argillic horizon at more than 60 inches.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Gavers soils formed in loess 18 to 40 inches thick, colluvium 15 to 60 inches thick, and in residuum from Pennsylvanian age acid shale, siltstone, clayey shale and some limestone on base slopes on uplands. Slope ranges from 2 to 6 percent. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 35 to 40 inches, mean annual temperature ranges from 50 to 53 degrees F.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS:
These are
Berks,
Coshocton,
Gilpin and
Keene soils. The moderately deep, well drained Berks soils are on upland interfluves, side slopes, nose slopes and head slopes. The moderately well drained Coshocton soils are on interfluves, side slopes, nose slopes and head slopes. The moderately deep, well drained Gilpin soils are on interfluves, side slopes, nose slopes and head slopes. The moderately well drained Keene soils are on convex base slopes and interfluves.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY:
Somewhat poorly drained. The potential for surface runoff is high to low. Permeability is moderate or moderately slow in the Loess and moderately slow or slow in the underlying material. In undisturbed areas the depth to the top of a perched seasonal high water table ranges from 0.5 to 1.0 feet from December to May in normal years.
USE AND VEGETATION:
Soils are used to grow corn, soybeans, wheat, oats, and hay. Natural vegetation is deciduous mixed hardwood forest.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT:
MLRA 124. In eastern Ohio, and possibly western Pennsylvania and West Virginia. The series is of small extent.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Morgantown, West Virginia
SERIES ESTABLISHED:
Columbiana County, Ohio, 1995. Gavers is a village in Columbiana County, Ohio.
REMARKS:
Diagnostic features in this pedon include:
Ochric epipedon - from the surface to a depth of 12 inches (Ap, BE horizon).
Argillic horizon - from a depth of 12 to 60 inches (Bt1, Bt2, 2Bt3, 2Bt4, 2Bt5, 2Bt6).
Redoximorphic features - from a depth of 6 to 88 inches.
2016 Update was to change status to Established.
ADDITIONAL DATA:
Refer to pedon CO-146 for characterization data on the typical pedon, sample numbers 26668-26678, from Columbiana County, Ohio; samples analyzed by the Ohio State University Soil Characterization Laboratory, Columbus, Ohio.
National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.