LOCATION IVORY NYEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine, mixed, subactive, frigid Aeric Endoaquults
TYPICAL PEDON: Ivory silty clay loam, on a 5 percent slope in an idle field. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise noted.)
Ap--0 to 5 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) silty clay loam; moderate medium and coarse granular structure; friable; common fine and medium roots; 5 percent channers; very strongly acid; clear smooth boundary. (4 to 12 inches thick)
BE--5 to 12 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) silty clay loam; few medium distinct very pale brown (10YR 7/3) and reddish yellow (7.5YR 6/8) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few medium and fine roots; few fine pores; 10 percent channers; very strongly acid; clear smooth boundary. (0 to 8 inches thick)
BEg--12 to 15 inches; gray (5Y 6/1) silty clay loam; light gray (5Y 7/1) ped faces; many medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; strong coarse angular blocky structure; friable; few fine and medium roots; few fine and medium pores; 10 percent channers; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. (2 to 5 inches thick)
Bt--15 to 35 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) channery silty clay, light gray (5Y 7/1) ped faces; common medium prominent light gray (5Y 7/1) and common medium faint yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; weak coarse prismatic structure parting to weak medium and coarse angular blocky; firm; few medium and fine roots; few fine tubular and vesicular pores; common distinct silt and clay films lining pores and on faces of peds; 30 percent channers; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. (15 to 30 inches thick)
C--35 to 52 inches; variegated brown (10YR 4/3), dark reddish brown (5YR 3/4), strong brown (7.5YR 5/6), and gray (5Y 6/1) very channery silty clay loam; weak medium and thin platy structure; firm; common fine vesicular and few fine and medium tubular pores; 35 percent channers with numerous partially weathered soft shale fragments; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary. (0 to 15 inches thick)
Cr--52 to 72 inches; variegated light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4); strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) and light greenish gray (5GY 7/1) saprolite that crushes to very channery silty clay loam; many olive brown (2.5Y 4/4) disintegrating shale fragments; weak thin and medium platy structure inherited from rock structure; firm; few fine tubular and vesicular pores; 45 percent channers; very strongly acid; abrupt smooth boundary. (0 to 15 inches thick)
R--72 inches, very dark grayish brown (2.5Y 3/2) siltstone bedrock.
TYPE LOCATION: Chautauqua County, New York; Town of Carroll, 900 ft. east of Oak Hill Road, 1200 feet west of county line, and 20 feet south of a dead end road. Latitude 42 degrees 02 minutes 35 seconds N. Longitude 79 degrees 03 minutes 55 seconds W.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Solum thickness ranges from 20 to 50 inches. Depth to rippable bedrock, typically shale and siltstone, ranges from 60 to 100 inches. Rock fragments, mainly channers, flagstones and gravel, range from 5 to 30 percent by volume in the solum, and from 15 to 60 percent in the substratum. Reaction ranges from very strongly to moderately acid throughout the soil.
The Ap or A horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, values of 3 or 4 and chroma of 2 to 4. Texture is silt loam or silty clay loam in the fine earth fraction.
The BE horizon has hue of 10YR to 5Y, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 2 to 6. The BEg horizon is similar to the BE horizon except value is 6 or 7 and chroma is 1 or 2. Texture of both horizons is silt loam, silty clay loam, silty clay or clay in the fine-earth fraction.
The Bt horizon has hue of 7.5YR to 5Y, value of 4 to 7, and chroma of 1 to 6, with both high and low chroma redoximorphic features. Texture is silty clay loam, silty clay, or clay in the fine-earth fraction. Structure is prismatic or weak to strong angular or subangular blocky. Consistence is friable or firm. Some pedons have a BC horizon with colors and textures similar to the Bt horizon.
The C horizon has hue of 5YR to 5Y or 5GY, value of 3 to 7, and chroma of 1 to 6. Color is commonly variegated and relates to the color of the weathering bedrock. Texture is similar to the B horizon. The C horizon has prismatic or platy structure, or it is massive.
The Cr horizon, when present, has color similar to the C horizon. It is saprolite that crushes to silt loam, silty clay loam, silty clay or clay. Consistence is firm or very firm.
The R horizon is shale, siltstone or fine grained sandstone bedrock that can be interbedded.
COMPETING SERIES: There are no series in the same family.
The Cavode, Blairton, Dolph, Frewsburg, Hornell, Kanona and Muskellunge soils are similar soils in related families. The Cavode series is the mesic equivalent of Ivory. Blairton soils are moderately deep to bedrock and are mesic. Dolph soils formed in loess underlain with clayey residuum. Frewsburg soils have a fine loamy particle size control section and are moderately deep to bedrock. Hornell and Kanona soils formed in glacial till and have mesic temperature regimes. Muskellunge soils formed in glacio-lacustrine deposits and do not have rock fragments.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Ivory soils are on nearly level to moderately steep upland ridgetops, benches and hillsides. Slope ranges from 0 to 25 percent. The Ivory soils formed in residual material derived from local shale, siltstone and fine-grained sandstone. Mean annual air temperatures range from 40 to 45 degrees F., annual precipitation ranges from 30 to 45 inches; and the growing season ranges from 90 to 120 days. The Ivory soils are mostly at elevations of 1800 to 2400 feet.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: The Brinkerton, Ernest, Gilpin, Rayne; and Carrollton, Frewsburg and Onoville soils are on nearby landscapes. Brinkerton and Ernest soils have fragipans and are at lower elevations. Gilpin and Rayne soils are fine-loamy and occur on similar landscapes but at lower elevations. In addition Gilpin soils are moderately deep. The Carrollton and Frewsburg soils are on associated bedrock controlled landscapes and have bedrock within a depth of 40 inches. Onoville soils are nearby on better drained landscapes and are fine-loamy.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Somewhat poorly drained. The potential for surface runoff is runoff is medium to high. Permeability is moderately slow in the surface layer, subsurface and upper part of the subsoil and slow in the lower part of the subsoil and substratum.
USE AND VEGETATION: Most cleared areas are used to grow corn, hay and small grain crops in support of dairy farms. Forested areas have native trees of red and white oak, sugar maple, beech, hemlock and white pine. Many areas that were formerly cleared for crop production are now idle and reverting to brush and trees.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Unglaciated areas in the Appalachian Plateau of southwestern New York at elevations above 1900 feet. The series is of moderate extent. MLRA 127.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Morgantown, West Virginia
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Chautauqua County, New York, 1988.
REMARKS: This soil was previously classified as an Alfisol, It has low base saturation (less than 35%). Amendments to Soil Taxonomy now allow frigid Ultisols. This series is reclassified as a fine, mixed, subactive, frigid Aeric Endoaquults.
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
a. Ochric epipedon - the zone from the surface to a depth of 15 inches (Ap,BE and BEg horizons).
b. Argillic horizon - the zone from 15 to 35 inches (Bt horizon).
c. Aquic moisture regime - endosaturation, evidenced by redoximorphic features in the horizon below the Ap horizon, and ped faces with 2 chroma or less in the argillic horizon (Bt horizon).
d. Aeric subgroup - evidenced by more than 40 percent high chroma matrix in the zone from 5 to 12 inches (BE horizon).
ADDITIONAL DATA: Characterization data for the typical pedon is available from the Cornell University Soil Survey Laboratory, pedon number S83NY13-12.