LOCATION KAKS MIEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Sandy, mixed, frigid Entic Hapludolls
TYPICAL PEDON: Kaks sandy loam in a forested area. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
A--0 to 4 inches; black (7.5YR 2.5/1) sandy loam, dark gray (7.5YR 4/1) dry; moderate medium granular structure; friable; many fine to coarse roots; 5 percent gravel and 5 percent cobbles; moderately acid; clear irregular boundary. (2 to 4 inches thick)
Bhs1--4 to 9 inches; dark brown (7.5YR 3/3) cobbly loamy sand; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; many fine to coarse roots; 10 percent gravel and 12 percent cobbles; moderately acid; clear wavy boundary.
Bhs2--9 to 21 inches; dark reddish brown (5YR 3/3) cobbly loamy sand; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; many fine to coarse roots; 10 percent gravel and 12 percent cobbles; slightly acid; gradual irregular boundary. (Combined thickness of the Bhs horizons ranges from 6 to 20 inches)
BC--21 to 35 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) gravelly loamy sand; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine to coarse roots; 15 percent gravel and 10 percent cobbles; neutral; clear wavy boundary. (9 to 16 inches)
C--35 to 80 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) sand; single grain; loose; few fine roots; few, thin brown (7.5YR 5/4) loamy sand bands; 1 percent gravel; neutral.
TYPE LOCATION: Luce County, Michigan: about 1 mile southwest of the town of Newberry; 1900 feet east and 1400 feet north of the southwest corner of section 35, T. 45 N., R. 10 W.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: The A horizon has hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 2, 2.5, or 3, and chroma of 1. Gravel content ranges from 2 to 10 percent and cobble content ranges from 1 to 10 percent. Reaction is strongly acid to moderately acid.
Some pedons have an E horizon with hue of 5YR or 7.5YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 2 or 3. Textures, coarse fragment content, and reaction is similar to the A horizon.
The Bhs1 horizon has hue of 5YR or 7.5YR, value of 2.5 or 3, and chroma of 2 or 3. It is loamy sand or sandy loam, or their cobbly or gravelly analogs. Gravel content ranges from 5 to 15 percent and cobble content ranges from 5 to 15 percent. Reaction is strongly acid to slightly acid.
The Bhs2 horizon has hue of 5YR or 7.5YR, value of 2.5 or 3, and chroma of 2 or 3. It is loamy sand, gravelly loamy sand or cobbly loamy sand. Gravel content ranges from 5 to 15 percent and cobble content ranges from 5 to 15 percent. Reaction is strongly acid to slightly acid.
Some pedons have a Bs horizon with hue of 5YR or 7.5YR, value of 3 or 4, and chroma of 4 or 6. Textures, coarse fragment content, and reaction is similar to the Bhs2 horizon.
The BC horizon has hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 5, and chroma of 4 or 6. It is gravelly loamy sand or cobbly loamy sand. Gravel content ranges from 10 to 20 percent and cobble content ranges from 5 to 15 percent. Reaction is moderately acid to neutral.
The C horizon has hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 3 or 4. It is sand with thin bands of loamy sand or coarse sand. Gravel content ranges from 1 to 10 percent and cobble content ranges from 0 to 5 percent. Reaction is moderately acid to neutral.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Hubbard, Kost, Lohnes and Maddock series. All of these series have less than 10 percent rock fragments in the particle size control section.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Kaks soils are found on the hilltops of recessional moraines. These soils formed in glacial till of Wisconsinan age. Slopes range from 0 to 60 percent. Elevation ranges from 750 to 900 feet. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 30 to 36 inches. Mean annual temperature ranges from 41 to 43 degrees F.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: Kaks soils are associated with Kalkaska and Wallace soils on slightly lower landscape positions and with Dawson and Markey soils in depressions and drainageways. The Kalkaska and Wallace soils are sand deposits. The Dawson and Markey soils are organic deposits.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained. Runoff is very low to medium, dependent on slope. Permeability is moderately rapid in the solum and rapid in the substratum.
USE AND VEGETATION: Nearly all of this soil is forested. Tree species include sugar maple, American beech, American basswood, white ash, eastern hophornbeam, and hemlock. Common ground plants are shield fern, wild leeks, sweet cicely, violets, twisted stalk, false solomons seal,spring beauty, and trilliums.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Eastern Upper Peninsula of Michigan, MLRA 94B. The series is of small extent.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: St. Paul, Minnesota
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Luce County, Michigan, 2005. Source of name is a lake in Luce County.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are: Mollic epipedon the zone from 0 to 9 inches ( A and Bhs1 horizon, mixed); Cambic horizon the zone from 9 to 21 inches (Bhs2 horizon).
ADDITIONAL DATA: Refer to S01MI-095-001 for NSSL data on the typical pedon. A separate reference sample of the Bhs1 horizon was sampled from a representative pedon. (NSSL Sample no. 97P1209S).