LOCATION KEENE                   OH+PA

Established Series
DJB, SLH/REV MDJ
11/2014

KEENE SERIES

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Aquic Hapludalfs

TYPICAL PEDON: Keene silt loam, on a south facing, 4 percent slope in a pasture. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise indicated.)

Ap--0 to 18 cm (0 to 7 inches); brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam, pale brown (10YR 6/3) dry; weak fine granular structure; friable; many roots; moderately acid; abrupt smooth boundary. (18 to 28 cm thick)

BE--18 to 33 cm (7 to 13 inches); yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silt loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common roots; common faint dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) silt coatings; few distinct black (10YR 2/1) iron-manganese concretions; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. (0 to 18 cm thick)

Bt1--33 to 51 cm (13 to 20 inches); yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silt loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common roots; common clay films on faces of peds; common medium distinct light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron depletions and common distinct black (10YR 2/1) iron-manganese concretions; strongly acid; wavy boundary.

Bt2--51 to 64 cm (20 to 25 inches); yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silt loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few roots; common clay films on faces of peds; common medium distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of oxidized iron, common medium distinct light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron depletions, and few faint brown (7.5YR 4/4) iron-manganese concretions; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.

Bt3--64 to 81 cm (25 to 32 inches); strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) silt loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few roots; common clay films on faces of peds; common medium prominent gray (10YR 6/1) iron depletions and few prominent very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) iron-manganese concretions; 2 percent shale fragments; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the Bt horizon is 13 to 48 cm.)

2Bt4--81 to 102 cm (32 to 40 inches); strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) silty clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few roots; common prominent gray (10YR 6/1) clay films on faces of peds; common medium prominent gray (10YR 6/1) iron depletions and common prominent black (10YR 2/1) iron-manganese concretions; 10 percent shale fragments; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the 2Bt horizon is 15 to 104 cm.)

2BC--102 to 117 cm (40 to 46 inches); brown (10YR 4/3) silty clay; weak medium subangular blocky structure; very firm; moderately sticky; common medium faint yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) masses of oxidized iron and common distinct very dark gray (10YR 3/1) iron-manganese concretions; 5 percent shale fragments; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. (0 to 50 cm thick)

2Cr--117 to 157 cm (46 to 62 inches); grayish brown (10YR 5/2) shale bedrock.

3R--157 (62 inches); gray sandstone bedrock.

TYPE LOCATION:
County: Tuscarawas
State: Ohio
USGS Quadrangle: Strasburg, Ohio
Latitude (Decimal Degrees, NAD 83): 40.5963111 N
Longitude (Decimal Degrees, NAD 83): -81.6230306 W
Directions to the pedon: About 1.6 km (1 mile) northwest of Dundee; Wayne Township, 510 meters (0.32 mile) north and 1,330 meters (0.83 mile) west of the southeast corner of section 4, T. 10 N., R. 4 W.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Depth to the top of the Argillic: 18 to 48 cm (7 to 19 inches)
Depth to the base of the Argillic: 71 to 168 cm (28 to 66 inches)
Solum Thickness: 81 to 168 cm (32 to 66 inches)
Depth to Bedrock: 102 to 213 cm (40 to 84 inches)
Depth Class: Deep and very deep
Rock Fragment Content: 0 to 5 percent, by volume, in the Ap and Bt horizons, 0 to 15 percent, by volume, in the 2Bt horizons, and 0 to 35 percent, by volume, in the 2BC and 2C horizons.
Soil Reaction: Very strongly acid through neutral in the Ap and BE horizons, very strongly acid or strongly acid in the Bt and 2Bt horizons, and very strongly acid through slightly acid in the 2BC and 2C horizons.
Fine-Earth Fraction: Averages 24 to 35 percent clay and less than 15 percent sand in the particle size control section

Range of Individual Horizons:
Ap horizon:
Color--hue of 10YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 2 or 3
Texture (fine-earth fraction)--silt loam

A horizon (if it occurs):
Color--hue of 10YR, value of 2 or 3 (4 or 5 dry), and chroma of 1 or 2
Texture (fine-earth fraction)--silt loam
Thickness--3 to 10 cm

BE horizon (if it occurs):
Color--hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 4 through 6, and chroma of 3 through 6
Texture (fine-earth fraction)--silt loam

Some pedons have a BA or E horizon.

Bt horizon:
Color--hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 4 or 6
Texture (fine-earth fraction)--silt loam or silty clay loam
Redoximorphic features--Iron depletions with chroma of 2 or less may occur in this horizon

2Bt horizon:
Color--hue of 7.5YR through 5Y, value of 4 through 6, and chroma of 1 through 6
Texture (fine-earth fraction)--silty clay loam, silty clay, or clay loam
Redoximorphic features--Iron depletions with chroma of 2 or less typically occur in this horizon

2BC and 2C horizons (if they occur):
Color--hue of 10YR through 5Y, value of 4 through 6, and chroma of 1 through 4
Texture (fine-earth fraction)--silty clay loam, clay loam, silty clay, or clay

COMPETING SERIES:
Appleriver soils--have reaction in the lower part of the series control section of alkaline and reacts to acid with effervescence
Blair soils--lack rock fragments in the lower part of the series control section
Bunkum soils--lack rock fragments in the lower part of the series control section
Fishhook soils--formed in material weathered from glacial till and contain gravel of mixed lithology in the lower one-half of the series control section
Freeburg soils--lack rock fragments in the lower part of the series control section
Geff soils--do not have weathered bedrock within 213 cm (84 inches) of the surface
Glenford soils--have stratification within the series control section
Muren soils--lack rock fragments in the lower part of the series control section
Reesville soils--have mainly limestone and crystalline rock fragments
Sugarvalley soils--have carbonates at a depth of 40 to 60 inches
Torox soils--have rock fragments that are primarily igneous and limestone
Xenia soils--have carbonates within 152 cm (60 inches) of the surface

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
MLRA(s) using this series: 124, 126
Landscape: Hills
Landform: Hill and ridge
Geomorphic Component: Interfluve, head slope, nose slope, or side slope
Hillslope Profile Position: Summit, shoulder, or backslope
Parent Material Origin: Silty mantle up to 91 cm (36 inches) thick over acid shale, siltstone, and coal underclay with thin strata of limestone in some pedons
Parent Material Kind: Loess over residuum
Slope: 0 to 25 percent
Elevation: 188 to 398 meters (616 to 1305 feet)
Frost-free period: 126 to 190 days
Mean Annual Air Temperature: 9.7 to 11.6 degrees C. (49 to 53 degrees F.)
Mean Annual Precipitation: 965 to 1117 millimeters (38 to 44 inches)

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS:
Coshocton soils--occur on landform positions below Keene soils, where surficial soil materials have mixed from slope wash
Dekalb soils--occur on similar and steeper portions of the landform where sandstone predominates
Gilpin soils--occur on similar landform positions where bedrock is moderately deep
Guernsey soils--occur on similar landform positions where calcareous shale or limestone predominates
Hazleton soils--occur on steeper portions of the landform where sandstone predominates
Latham soils--occur on similar landform positions dominated by acid shale
Rayne soils--occur on similar landform positions where siltstone and sandstone predominate
Westmoreland soils--occur on similar landform positions where siltstone and sandstone predominate

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY:
Drainage Class (Agricultural): Moderately well drained
Internal Free Water Occurrence: Thin (30 cm-1 m), shallow (25 cm-50 cm), and common (present 3-6 months)
Index Surface Runoff: Negligible through very high
Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity: Moderately low or moderately high
Permeability Class (obsolete): Slow through moderate
Shrink-Swell Class: Moderate
Flooding Frequency and Duration: None
Ponding Frequency and Duration: None

USE AND VEGETATION:
Major Uses: Hayland, pasture, woodland, and cropland
Dominant Vegetation: Where cultivated--Grass-legume hay, corn, soybeans, wheat, or oats. Where wooded--Oaks, maple, hickory, and yellow-poplar.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT:
Distribution: Eastern Ohio and western Pennsylvania
Extent: Moderate, about 41,000 acres at the time of this revision

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: MORGANTOWN, WEST VIRGINIA

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Little Mill Creek Watershed, Coshocton County, Ohio, 1938.

REMARKS:
This revision replaces the typical pedon for the series with the Keene representative pedon for Tuscarawas County, Ohio.
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon--the zone from 0 to 33 cm (Ap and BE horizons)
Argillic horizon--the zone from 33 to 102 cm (Bt1, Bt2, Bt3, and 2Bt4 horizons)
Paralithic materials--the zone from 117 to 157 cm (2Cr horizon)
Redoximorphic features--33 to 117 cm
Series control section--the zone from 0 to 142 cm

ADDITIONAL DATA:
Refer to sample pedons CS-3, HL-1, HL-3, and MS-25, analyzed by the Ohio State University Soil Characterization Laboratory, Columbus, Ohio.
Revised 3/89-AR, LAT; 04/2000-AR, LAT, LER; 02/2005-DHK

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National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.