LOCATION MAGNOR WI+MNEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Coarse-loamy, mixed, superactive, frigid Aquic Glossudalfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Magnor silt loam - on a northeast-facing concave slope of 2 percent in a hardwood forest at an elevation of about 1,500 feet. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
A--0 to 4 inches; very dark brown (10YR 2/2) silt loam, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) dry; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; many fine and medium roots; about 2 percent gravel; extremely acid; abrupt wavy boundary. (1 to 6 inches thick)
E1--4 to 7 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam, pale brown (10YR 6/3) dry; moderate very fine subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine and medium roots; about 2 percent gravel; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
E2--7 to 11 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) silt loam, very pale brown (10YR 7/3) dry; moderate fine platy structure; friable; common fine and medium roots; common medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulations; about 2 percent gravel; extremely acid; clear wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of E horizons ranges from 0 to 7 inches thick)
E/B--11 to 16 inches; 70 percent brown (10YR 5/3) silt loam, very pale brown (10YR 7/3) dry; (E); moderate coarse platy structure; friable; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; extends into or surrounds remnants of dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) silt loam (Bt); moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine and medium roots; few fine faint and distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions; common medium prominent strong brown (7.5Y4 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; about 1 percent gravel; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
B/E--16 to 21 inches; 70 percent dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) silt loam (Bt); moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few distinct brown (7.5YR 4/2) clay films on faces of peds; penetrated by tongues of brown (10YR 5/3) silt loam (E); very pale brown (10YR 7/3) dry; moderate coarse platy structure; friable; common fine and medium roots; common medium distinct and faint grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions and common medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulations; about 4 percent gravel; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. (The glossic horizon ranges from 2 to 30 inches thick.)
2Bt1--21 to 29 inches; reddish brown (5YR 4/4) sandy loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; few fine and medium roots; common distinct reddish brown (5YR 4/3) clay films on faces of peds; few fine distinct reddish gray (5YR 5/2) iron depletions and common medium distinct yellowish red (5YR 5/8) masses of iron accumulations; about 9 percent gravel; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
2Bt2--29 to 39 inches; reddish brown (5YR 4/4) sandy loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; common distinct dark reddish gray (5YR 4/2) clay films on faces of peds; few fine distinct reddish gray (5YR 5/2) iron depletions and many medium distinct yellowish red (5YR 5/8) masses of iron accumulation; about 10 percent gravel; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
2Bt3--39 to 58 inches; reddish brown (5YR 4/4) fine sandy loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; few distinct dark reddish gray (5YR 4/2) clay films on faces of peds; few fine distinct yellowish red (5YR 5/8) masses of iron accumulations; about 12 percent gravel; moderately acid; gradual wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the 2Bt horizons ranges from 6 to 45 inches.)
2Cd--58 to 60 inches; reddish brown (5YR 4/4) fine sandy loam; massive tending to part along horizontal cleavage planes to weak thin plates; firm; dense and compact; about 10 percent gravel; moderately acid.
TYPE LOCATION: Taylor County, Wisconsin; about 9 miles east of Medford; 2370 feet north and 100 feet west of the southeast corner of sec. 31, T.31N., R.3E. Rib River Lookout Tower USGS quadrangle; lat. 45 degrees 7 minutes 37 seconds N. and long. 90 degrees 8 minutes 47 seconds W.; NAD27.
NAD27.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Thickness of the silty mantle ranges from 12 to 36 inches. Depth to the base of the argillic horizon and to densic contact ranges from 40 to 60 inches. Content of clay averages from 7 to 17 percent in the particle-size control section and the content of fine sand or coarser averages 15 to 70 percent. The base saturation (by sum of cations) is less than 60 percent in some part of the argillic horizon. Volume of gravel ranges from 0 to 10 percent in the silty mantle and from 5 to 35 percent in the till. Volume of cobbles ranges from 0 to 3 percent in the silty mantle and from 0 to 5 percent in the till. Volume of stones ranges from 0 to 1 percent in the silty mantle and from 0 to 3 percent in the till. Surface stones have coverage ranging from 0 to 3 percent. Reaction ranges from extremely acid to slightly acid in the solum, except that it ranges to neutral in the Ap horizon where the soil is limed. Reaction ranges from strongly acid to neutral in the till. Redox concentrations are typically throughout the pedon below the Ap or A horizon. Redox depletions with chroma of 2 or less are in the upper 10 inches of the argillic and aquic conditions occur there at some time in most years.
The A horizon has value of 2 or 3, and chroma of 1 or 2. Cultivated areas have an Ap horizon, 6 to 9 inches thick, with hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 3 or 4, and chroma of 2 or 3. Ap horizons with color value moist of 3 have value dry of 6 or more.
The E horizon has hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 2 or 3. Colors of 4/3 or 5/3 have value dry of 7 or more. The E horizon is silt loam or silt.
Magnor soils have a glossic horizon. Horizonation has a wide range depending on thickness of the silty mantle and the extent to which eluviation has occurred. Therefore, there can be E/B, B/E, 2E/B, or 2B/E horizons singly or in combination.
The E part of the E/B or B/E horizon has color and texture like the E horizon described above. The Bt part has hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 3 to 6.
Some pedons have a Bt horizon with color and texture like the Bt part described above. Some pedons have a Btg horizon, with dominant chroma of 2, below the upper 10 inches of the argillic horizon.
The 2E part of the 2E/B or 2B/E horizon has hue of 2.5YR, 5YR, 7.5YR, or 10YR; value of 4 to 6; and chroma of 2 or 3. Colors of 4/3 or 5/3 have value dry of 7 or more. The 2E part is typically sandy loam, fine sandy loam, loam, or their gravelly analogs, but in some pedons it is loamy sand or gravelly loamy sand. The 2Bt part has color and texture like the 2Bt horizon described below.
The 2Bt horizon has hue of 2.5YR, 5YR, 7.5YR, or 10YR; value of 3 to 5; and chroma of 3 to 6. It is typically sandy loam, fine sandy loam, loam, or their gravelly analogs. Bulk density ranges from 1.65 to 1.90. Some pedons have pockets or thin strata of loamy sand or gravelly loamy sand.
Some pedons have a 2BCd horizon with hue of 2.5YR, 5YR, or 7.5YR; value of 3 to 5; and chroma of 3 to 6. It is typically sandy loam, fine sandy loam, or their gravelly analogs. Clay content averages more than 7 percent. Bulk density ranges from 1.8 to 2.0. Some pedons have pockets or strata of loamy sand or gravelly loamy sand.
The 2Cd horizon has hue of 2.5YR, 5YR, or 7.5YR; value of 3 to 5; and chroma of 3 to 6. It is typically sandy loam, fine sandy loam or their gravelly analogs. Clay content averages more than 7 percent. Bulk density ranges from 1.8 to 2.0. Some pedons have pockets or thin strata of loamy sand or gravelly loamy sand.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Brennyville, Fallcreek, Hatley, Magroc, Oesterle, Plover, Rosy, and Stinnett series.
Brennyville soils have base saturation greater than 60 percent in all parts of the argillic horizon.
Fallcreek soils do not have a silty 12 to 36 inch thick mantle or it is less than 12 inches thick that is more than 50 percent silt.
Hatley, Oesterle, Plover, and Rosy soils do not have a Cd horizon do not have a densic contact within the series control section.
Magroc soils have a lithic contact with igneous or metamorphic bedrock at a depth of 40 to 60 inches.
Stinnett soils average less than 7 percent clay in the dense till.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Parent material: Formed in loess or silty lacustrine and in the underlying dense sandy loam till of Late Wisconsinan Age.
Landform: Flats, footslopes, and toe slopes of ground moraines, disintegration moraines, end moraines, drumlins, and ice-walled glacial lake plains.
Slope: 0 to 6 percent.
Elevation: 800 to 1950 feet.
Mean annual air temperature: 39 to 45 degrees F.
Mean annual precipitation: 28 to 33 inches.
Frost-free days: 120 to 135 days.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are Adolph, Amery, Auburndale, Cable, Capitola, Cebana, Freeon, Haugen, Newood, Newot, and Santiago series.
The well drained Santiago soils, the moderately well drained Freeon soils, the poorly drained Auburndale and Cebana soils, and the very poorly and poorly drained Adolph and Capitola soils are in a drainage sequence with the Magnor soils. Santiago and Freeon soils are on steeper landscape positions. Auburndale, Cebana, Adolph, and Capitola soils are in depressions and drainageways.
The somewhat poorly drained Almena soils are on similar landforms to Magnor soils where the silty mantle is greater than 36 inches thick.
The well drained Amery and Newot soils and the moderately well drained Haugen and Newood soils are in on higher or more sloping landcape positions where the silty mantle is less than 12 inches thick, or is absent.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Somewhat poorly drained. Surface runoff is medium to very low. Permeability is moderate in the silty mantle, moderately slow or slow in the till subsoil, and very slow in the substratum. Magnor soils have a perched seasonal high water table at a depth of 1 to 2.5+ feet for 1 month or more per year at some time during the period of September to June in normal years.
USE AND VEGETATION: Many areas of this soil are cleared and used for cropland or pastureland. Common crops are corn, small grains, and hay. Many areas remain in woodland. Native vegetation is deciduous forest with red maple, sugar maple, quaking aspen, yellow birch, and white ash predominating and with some balsam fir, American basswood, northern red oak, and American hophornbeam.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: North-central and northwestern Wisconsin. LRR K, MLRA 90A, and MLRA 90B. This soil is of large extent.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: St. Paul, Minnesota
SERIES ESTABLISHED: St. Croix County, Wisconsin, 1975. Type location moved to Taylor County, Wisconsin with the correlation of the soil survey in 2000. The source of the name is a lake in southeastern Polk County, Wisconsin.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Particle size control section - the zone from 16 to 36 inches.
Ochric epipedon - the zone from 0 to 16 inches (A, E1, E2, E/B).
Albic horizon - the zone from 7 to 16 inches (E2 and E part of the E/B).
Glossic horizon - the zone from 11 to 21 inches (E/B, B/E).
Argillic horizon - the zone from 16 to 58 inches (B/E, 2Bt1, 2Bt2, 2Bt3).
Densic contact - the contact with dense till (2Cd) at 58 inches.
Redoximorphic concentrations - oxidized color features in the zone from 7 to 58 inches.
Redoximorphic depletions - depleted color features in the zone from 11 to 58 inches.
Lithologic discontinuity - at the upper boundary of the 2Bt1 horizon at 21 inches.
Aquic conditions in the upper 10 inches of the argillic horizon.
The bulk density and platyness of the argillic horizon is considered to be relict of the till, but studies are needed to determine whether or not these horizons meet criteria for fragipans or fragic soil properties.
ADDITIONAL DATA: Former Soil Interpretation Record - WI0128; WI0355 (VERY STONY). Refer to soil survey sample number S94WI-119-002 for NSSL data on the typical pedon.