LOCATION RENOVA MN+IA WIEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Typic Hapludalfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Renova loam, on a northeast-facing, slope of 15 percent, in a mixed deciduous forest. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
A--0 to 10 centimeters; very dark brown (10YR 2/2) loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry; weak medium subangular blocky structure parting to weak fine granular; very friable; about 1 percent rock fragments (2 to 75 millimeters in diameter); moderately acid; clear wavy boundary. (5 to 13 centimeters thick)
E--10 to 18 centimeters; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) loam, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry; weak medium subangular blocky structure; very friable; few sand grains on faces of peds; moderately acid; gradual wavy boundary. (0 to 20 centimeters thick)
Bt1--18 to 30 centimeters; brown (10YR 4/3) clay loam; weak coarse subangular blocky structure parting to weak fine and e medium subangular blocky; friable; common distinct very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) clay films on faces of peds and on surfaces along pores; few sand grains on faces of peds; about 1 percent rock fragments (2 to 75 millimeters in diameter); strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. (10 to 25 centimeters thick)
2Bt2--30 to 66 centimeters; brown (10YR 4/3) clay loam; strong coarse angular blocky structure parting to strong medium angular blocky; firm; many distinct dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) clay films on faces of peds and on surfaces along pores; few fine prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) redoximorphic concentrations; about 2 percent rock fragments (2 to 75 millimeters in diameter); about 1 percent rock fragments (more than 75 millimeters in diameter); strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
2Bt3--66 to 86 centimeters; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) clay loam; strong coarse angular blocky structure parting to strong medium angular blocky; firm; many distinct dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) clay films on faces of peds and on surfaces along pores; common medium prominent brownish yellow (10YR 6/8) redoximorphic concentrations; about 3 percent rock fragments (2 to 75 millimeters in diameter); about 2 percent rock fragments (more than 75 millimeters in diameter); moderately acid; gradual wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the 2Bt horizon is 15 to 75 centimeters thick.)
2Btk--86 to 102 centimeters; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) clay loam; strong coarse angular blocky structure parting to strong medium angular blocky; firm; many distinct dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) clay films on faces of peds and on surfaces along pores; few to common distinct very pale brown (10YR 8/2) carbonate masses; common medium prominent brownish yellow (10YR 6/8) and common medium distinct strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) redoximorphic concentrations; about 3 percent rock fragments (2 to 75 millimeters in diameter); about 2 percent rock fragments (more than 75 millimeters in diameter); strongly effervescent; neutral; gradual wavy boundary. (0 to 20 centimeters thick)
2BC1--102 to 135 centimeters; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) loam; extremely coarse prismatic structure dissected by few oblique fractures; very firm; many distinct very pale brown (10YR 8/2) carbonate masses; common medium distinct strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) redoximorphic concentrations; about 4 percent rock fragments (2 to 75 millimeters in diameter); about 2 percent rock fragments (more than 75 millimeters in diameter); strongly effervescent; neutral; gradual wavy boundary.
2BC2--135 to 203 centimeters; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) loam; extremely coarse prismatic structure dissected by few oblique fractures; very firm; common distinct very pale brown (10YR 8/2) carbonate masses; common medium distinct strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) redoximorphic concentrations; common medium distinct dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) redoximorphic depletions; about 4 percent rock fragments (2 to 75 millimeters in diameter); about 2 percent rock fragments (more than 75 millimeters in diameter); strongly effervescent; slightly alkaline.
TYPE LOCATION: Major Land Resource Area (MLRA) 104-Eastern Iowa and Minnesota Till Prairies; Rice County, Minnesota subset; located about 2,525 feet west and 175 feet north of the southeast corner of section 16, T. 110 N., R. 19 W.; USGS Nerstrand topographic quadrangle; lat. 44 degrees 19 minutes 39 seconds N. and long. 93 degrees 6 minutes 33 seconds W., NAD 83.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Depth to till--30 to 75 centimeters
Depth to carbonates--50 to 150 centimeters
Clay content in the particle-size control section (weighted average)--20 to 28 percent
Sand content in the particle-size control section (weighted average)--30 to 70 percent
Special feature--some pedons have a stone line or thin layer, 2 to 13 centimeters thick of gravelly and sandy materials at the base of the silty or loamy sediments
A or Ap horizon:
Hue--10YR
Value--2 to 4
Chroma--1 to 3
Texture--loam or silt loam
Clay content--18 to 24 percent
Sand content--20 to 50 percent
Rock fragment content--1 to 10 percent
Reaction--strongly acid to neutral
Special features--when mixed to a depth of 18 centimeters, matrix value is 4 or more, moist, 6 or more, dry
E horizon (when present):
Hue--10YR
Value--4 to 6
Chroma--2 or 3
Texture--loam or silt loam
Clay content--18 to 24 percent
Sand content--20 to 50 percent
Rock fragment content--1 to 10 percent
Reaction--strongly acid to neutral
In some cultivated areas the E horizon is mixed into the Ap horizon
BE horizon (when present):
Hue--10YR
Value--3 to 5
Chroma--3 or 4
Texture--loam or silt loam
Clay content--18 to 24 percent
Sand content--20 to 50 percent
Rock fragment content--1 to 10 percent
Reaction--strongly acid to neutral
Bt horizon:
Hue--10YR
Value--3 to 5
Chroma--3 to 6
Texture--loam, silty clay loam, clay loam, or silt loam
Clay content--24 to 33 percent
Sand content--15 to 45 percent
Rock fragment content--1 to 10 percent
Reaction--very strongly acid to moderately acid
2Bt and 2BCt (when present) horizons:
Hue--10YR or 2.5Y
Value--4 or 5
Chroma--3 to 8
Texture--loam, clay loam or sandy clay loam
Clay content--20 to 28 percent
Sand content--25 to 55 percent
Rock fragment content--2 to 15 percent
Reaction--very strongly acid to slightly acid
Low chroma matrix or redoximorphic depletions occur in the lower parts of this horizon
2Btk (when present) horizon:
Hue--10YR or 2.5Y
Value--4 or 5
Chroma--3 or 4
Texture--loam, clay loam or sandy clay loam
Clay content--20 to 28 percent
Sand content--25 to 55 percent
Rock fragment content--2 to 15 percent
Reaction--neutral to moderately alkaline
2BC horizon:
Hue--7.5YR to 5Y
Value--4 to 8
Chroma--1 to 8
Texture--loam
Clay content--18 to 27 percent, mean of 22 percent
Sand content--35 to 50 percent, mean of 44 percent
Rock fragment content--2 to 12 percent
Reaction--slightly acid to moderately alkaline
Moist bulk density--1.75 to 1.9 gm/cc
COMPETING SERIES: These are the
Bluemount,
Caprell,
Douds,
Grellton,
Kendallville,
Kliever,
Letort,
Lindley,
Mandeville,
McHenry,
Mifflin,
Nodine,
Norden,
Ott,
Pecatonica,
Plumcreek,
Rockbridge,
Theresa,
Westville, Whalen, and
Wykoff series.
Bluemount--have a paralithic and lithic contact within depths of 50 to 102 centimeters
Caprell--have an average clay content of 15 to 20 percent in the lower third of the series control section
Douds--have a moist bulk density range less than 1.75 g/cc in the lower third of the series control section and have a frequently saturated zone within depths of 1.2 to 1.8 meters in normal years
Grellton--have a moist bulk density range less than 1.75 g/cc in the lower third of the series control section
Kendallville--have a moist bulk density range less than 1.75 g/cc in the lower third of the series control section
Kliever--have a sand content of less than 30 percent in the lower third of the series control section
Letort--have a moist bulk density range less than 1.75 g/cc in the lower third of the series control section
Lindley--have a moist bulk density range less than 1.75 g/cc in the lower third of the series control section
Mandeville--have a paralithic contact with soft shale within depths of 50 to 102 centimeters
McHenry--have an average clay content of 5 to 15 percent in the lower third of the series control section
Mifflin--have a lithic contact within depths of 102 to 140 centimeters
Nodine--have a moist bulk density range less than 1.75 g/cc in the lower third of the series control section
Norden--have glauconitic sandstone within depths of 50 to 102 centimeters
Ott--have a paralithic contact within depths of 38 to 75 centimeters
Pecatonica--have matrix hues of 2.5YR to 7.5YR in the particle-size control section
Plumcreek--have a moist bulk density range less than 1.75 g/cc in the lower third of the series control section
Rockbridge--have a rock fragment content of 35 to 70 percent in the lower part of the series control section
Theresa--have a densic contact within depths of 60 to 102 centimeters
Westville--have matrix hue of 5YR in the particle-size control section
Whalen--have a lithic contact with limestone bedrock within depths of 50 to 102 centimeters
Wykoff--have a rock fragment content of more than 15 percent in the lower part of the series control section
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Parent material--30 to 75 centimeters of silty or loamy sediments and in the underlying till
Landform--interfluves and side slopes on dissected till plains on the Iowan Erosion Surface
Slope--2 to 35 percent
Elevation--200 to 400 meters above sea level
Mean annual air temperature--4 to 10 degrees C
Mean annual precipitation--685 to 965 millimeters
Frost-free period--135 to 205 days
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: Members of the typical catena include the
Coggon,
Pinicon,
Sargeant, and
Vlasaty soils.
Coggon--are at lower landscape positions and have a frequently saturated zone at a depth of 0.6 meters during the wettest periods of normal years
Pinicon--are at lower landscape positions and have a frequently saturated zone at a depth of 0.3 meter during the wettest periods of normal years
Sargeant--are at lower landscape positions in drainageways and are frequently saturated at the surface of the soil during the wettest periods of normal years
Vlasaty--are at lower landscape positions, have a glossic horizon, and have a frequently saturated zone at a depth of 0.6 meter during the wettest periods of normal years
DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY:
Drainage class--well drained phase--a frequently saturated zone does not occur within a depth of 1.8 meters in normal years--moderately wet phase--a frequently saturated zone occurs at a depth of 1 meter during April to June in normal years and both perched and apparent saturation can occur on this soil based on the season and intensity of rainfall during a given period of time
Saturated hydraulic conductivity--1.00 to 10.00 micrometers per second in the silty or loamy sediments and 0.01 to 1.00 micrometers per second in the till
Surface runoff potential--negligible to high
USE AND VEGETATION:
Most areas are cultivated. The principal crops are corn, soybeans, small grains, and legume hay. The native vegetation is mixed deciduous trees.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT:
Physiographic Division--Interior Plains
Physiographic Province--Central Lowland
Physiographic sections--Dissected till plains and Western lake section
MLRAs--Wisconsin and Minnesota Thin Loess and Till, Southern Part (90B), Eastern Iowa and Minnesota Till Prairies (104), and Northern Mississippi Valley Loess Hills (105)
Local physiographic area--Iowa Erosion Surface
LRRs K and M; southeastern Minnesota, northeastern Iowa and southwestern Wisconsin
Extent--moderate
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Indianapolis, Indiana
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Fillmore County, Minnesota, 1954
REMARKS:
Particle-size control section--the zone from a depth of 18 to 68 centimeters (Bt1, 2Bt2 and 2Bt3 horizons);
series control section--the zone from the surface to a depth of 150 centimeters (A, E, Bt1, 2Bt2, 2Bt3, 2Btk, 2BC1 and 2BC2 horizons).
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon include:
ochric epipedon--the zone from the surface to a depth of 18 centimeters (A and E horizons);
argillic horizon--the zone from a depth of 18 to 102 centimeters (Bt1, 2Bt2, 2Bt3, and 2Btk horizons);
udic moisture regime.
Some pedons have vertical seams or wedges of sand or loamy sand about 5 to 15 centimeters wide and about 0.9 to 1.2 meters deep extending downward from the stone line into the till.
Cation-exchange activity class is inferred from lab data from similar soils in the surrounding area.
Taxonomy version--Keys to Soil Taxonomy, tenth edition, 2006.
The MLRA 104 Steering Committee approved property edits to this series in February 2004.
ADDITIONAL DATA:
Laboratory data--National Soil Survey Laboratory, Lincoln, Nebraska--pedon number 92MN131002 (http://ssldata.sc.egov.usda.gov/).