LOCATION KENDALLVILLE OH+IN MI

Established Series
Rev. AR-SJH-DBD
11/2021

KENDALLVILLE SERIES

The Kendallville series consists of very deep, well drained soils formed in as much as 46 cm (18 inches) of loess and the underlying outwash and loamy till. These soils are on moraines, kames, eskers, and outwash terraces. Slope ranges from 0 to 40 percent. Mean annual precipitation is about 940 mm (37 inches), and mean annual air temperature is about 11 degrees C (52 degrees F).

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Typic Hapludalfs

TYPICAL PEDON: Kendallville silt loam, on an undulating, 4 percent slope in a timothy meadow on the Cable moraine at an elevation of about 369 meters (1210 feet) above mean sea level. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)

Ap--0 to 18 cm (0 to 7 inches); brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam, pale brown (10YR 6/3) dry; weak fine granular structure; friable; assumed many fine and common medium roots throughout; moderately acid; abrupt smooth boundary. [15 to 25 cm (6 to 10 inches) thick]

Bt1--18 to 28 cm (7 to 11 inches); brown (7.5YR 5/4) silty clay loam; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; firm; assumed common fine and few medium roots throughout; few faint brown (7.5YR 5/4) clay films on faces of peds; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary. [0 to 13 cm (5 inches) thick]

2Bt2--28 to 38 cm (11 to 15 inches); brown (7.5YR 4/4) clay loam; strong fine subangular blocky structure; very firm; assumed common fine roots; many distinct brown (7.5YR 4/4) clay films on faces of peds; 10 percent gravel; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.

2Bt3--38 to 56 cm (15 to 22 inches); brown (7.5YR 4/4) gravelly clay; strong medium and coarse subangular blocky structure; very firm; many distinct brown (7.5YR 4/4) clay films on faces of peds and on gravel; 20 percent gravel; moderately acid; clear wavy boundary.

2Bt4--56 to 76 cm (22 to 30 inches); yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) gravelly loam; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; firm; common distinct dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) clay films on faces of peds and on gravel; 30 percent gravel; slightly alkaline; abrupt wavy boundary. [Combined thickness of the 2Bt horizons is 25 to 86 cm (10 to 34 inches).]

3BC--76 to 86 cm (30 to 34 inches); yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) loam; massive; firm; few distinct dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) clay films in voids; about 3 percent rock fragments; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline; gradual wavy boundary. [0 to 15 cm (6 inches) thick]

3C--86 to 152 cm (34 to 60 inches); yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) loam; massive; very firm; about 3 percent rock fragments; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline.

TYPE LOCATION: Champaign County, Ohio; about 1 mile northeast of Mutual, in Union Township; 3140 feet north of State Highway 161 and 1300 feet east of Madden Road; USGS Urbana, Ohio topographic quadrangle; lat. 40 degrees 05 minutes 29 seconds N. and long. 83 degrees 37 minutes 42 seconds W., NAD 27.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Depth to carbonates: 51 to 102 cm (20 to 40 inches)
Thickness of the solum: 63 to 102 cm (25 to 40 inches)
Thickness of the loess mantle: commonly less than 30 cm (12 inches), but ranges to 46 cm (18 inches)
Depth to the underlying till: less than 102 cm (40 inches)
Particle-size control section: averages 24 to 35 percent clay
Rock fragments: mainly glacial pebbles (gravel) with some cobblestones and boulders, including some crystalline rocks

Ap horizon
Hue: 10YR
Value: 3 or 4
Chroma: 2 or 3
Texture: silt loam, loam, or sandy loam, and ranges to clay loam in severely eroded pedons
Rock fragment content: 0 to 14 percent
Reaction: moderately acid to neutral

A horizon, where present:
Thickness: 5 to 10 cm (2 to 4 inches)
Hue: 10YR
Value: 3 or 4
Chroma: 1 or 2
Texture: silt loam, loam, or sandy loam
Rock fragment content: 0 to 14 percent
Reaction: moderately acid to neutral

E horizon, where present:
Thickness: 8 to 20 cm (3 to 8 inches)
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 5
Chroma: 3 or 4
Texture: silt loam, loam, or sandy loam
Rock fragment content: 0 to 14 percent
Reaction: very strongly acid to moderately acid

Bt horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 3 to 5
Chroma: 3 to 6
Texture: silt loam or silty clay loam
Rock fragment content: 0 to 14 percent
Reaction: very strongly acid to moderately acid

2Bt horizon:
Hue: 5YR to 10YR
Value: 3 to 5
Chroma: 3 to 6
Texture: clay, clay loam, sandy clay loam, or loam or the gravelly analogs of these textures
Rock fragment content: 5 to 30 percent
Reaction: moderately acid to slightly alkaline

3BC or 3Bt horizon:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 4 or 5
Chroma: 3 to 6
Texture: loam or clay loam or the gravelly analogs of these textures
Rock fragment content: 2 to 30 percent
Reaction: neutral to moderately alkaline and is partially leached of carbonates

3C horizon:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 4 or 5
Chroma: 3 to 6
Texture: loam or clay loam or the gravelly analogs of these textures
Clay content: 20 to 30 percent
Rock fragment content: 2 to 30 percent
Reaction: slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline and carbonates are present

COMPETING SERIES: These are the Bluemount, Douds, Grellton, Kliever, Letort, Lindley, Mandeville, McHenry, Mifflin, Nodine, Norden, Ott (T), Pecatonica, Plumcreek, Renova, Rockbridge, Theresa, Westville, Whalan, and Wykoff series. Bluemount, Mandeville, Mifflin, Norden, Ott, and Whalan soils have a lithic or paralithic contact within a depth of 152 cm (60 inches). Douds, Kliever, Nodine, Pecatonica, Plumcreek, Renova, Rockbridge, Westville, and Wykoff soils do not have carbonates within a depth of 102 cm (40 inches). Grellton soils do not have rock fragments within a depth of 102 cm (40 inches). Letort soils do not have glacial pebbles in the lower part of the series control section. Lindley soils do not have subhorizons in the argillic horizon that have more than 5 percent rock fragments. McHenry soils do not have textures with less than 55 percent sand in the lower part of the series control section. Theresa soils do not have a layer of outwash overlying the till.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Kendallville soils are on moraines, kames, eskers, and outwash terraces of Wisconsinan age. Slope ranges from 0 to 40 percent. The soils formed in as much as 46 cm (18 inches) of loess and the underlying outwash and loamy till. Climate is humid and temperate. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 762 to 1016 mm (30 to 40 inches). Mean annual air temperature ranges from 9 to 13 degrees C (49 to 55 degrees F). Frost-free period is 120 to 180 days. Elevation is 192 to 373 meters (630 to 1225 feet) above mean sea level.

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Eldean, Fox, Miami, Miamian, and Ockley soils. Eldean, Fox and Ockley soils do not have a till substratum within 152 cm (60 inches) and are on similar landscape positions. Miami and Miamian soils do not have outwash material in the solum and are on similar landscape positions.

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Well drained. The depth to a seasonal high water table is greater than 183 cm (6 feet). The potential for surface runoff is negligible to high. Saturated hydraulic conductivity is moderately high. Permeability is moderate in the solum and moderately slow in the substratum.

USE AND VEGETATION: Most Kendallville soils are cultivated. Principal crops are corn, soybeans, wheat, oats, and legume meadow. A small proportion is in permanent pasture or woodlots. Native vegetation is mixed deciduous hardwoods consisting mainly of oaks, maple, and hickory.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: MLRAs 111A, 111B, 111D in western Ohio and Indiana, and MLRA 98 in southern Michigan. The type location is in MLRA 111A. The series is of moderate extent.

SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (SSRO) RESPONSIBLE: AMHERST, MASSACHUSETTS

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Noble County, Indiana, 1947.

REMARKS: Lab data for the type location (CH-41) shows that the particle-size class is fine textured. This series needs to be reevaluated under the MLRA concept and a new type location established. Also the color of the clay films were not in the original description of the 2Bt1 and 2Bt2 horizons so it was considered the same color as the matrix color. Roots were also not described but were entered in the Ap and Bt horizons because of the type of the vegetation in the field.

Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon: from the surface to a depth of 18 cm (Ap horizon).
Argillic horizon: from a depth of 18 to 76 cm (Bt, 2Bt horizons).

ADDITIONAL DATA: Refer to pedons FR-51, PY-24, PY-26, and CH-41 (the type location) for available laboratory characterization data from the Soil Characterization Laboratory at The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.

National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.