LOCATION SAVONA OH

Established Series
Rev. DRM-MHD-DBD
11/2021

SAVONA SERIES

The Savona series consists of very deep, somewhat poorly drained soils that are deep to calcareous sandy and gravelly outwash. They formed in outwash dominantly of limestone origin on outwash plains and terraces. In some places, the upper part of the solum formed in silty or loamy alluvium or in loess as much as 46 cm (18 inches) thick. Slope ranges from 0 to 2 percent. Mean annual precipitation is about 965 mm (38 inches), and mean annual temperature is about 11 degrees C (52 degrees F).

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine, mixed, superactive, mesic Aeric Endoaqualfs

TYPICAL PEDON: Savona silt loam, on a slightly convex slope of less than 0.5 percent in a cultivated field at an elevation of about 335 meters (1,100 feet) above mean sea level. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)

Ap--0 to 18 cm (0 to 7 inches); dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silt loam, pale brown (10YR 6/3) dry; weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine roots; 2 percent gravel; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary. [18 to 30 cm (7 to 12 inches) thick]

Bt1--18 to 25 cm (7 to 10 inches); yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silt loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine roots; common prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) clay films on faces of peds; few distinct dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) organic coatings on faces of peds; many (55 percent) medium distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions on faces of peds; common fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation throughout; few fine distinct black (10YR 2/1) masses of manganese accumulation on faces of peds; 2 percent gravel; neutral; clear wavy boundary.

Bt2--25 to 38 cm (10 to 15 inches); yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silty clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; few fine roots; common prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) clay films on faces of peds; many (55 percent) medium distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions on faces of peds; common fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation throughout; few fine distinct black (10YR 2/1) masses of manganese accumulation on faces of peds; 2 percent gravel; neutral; clear wavy boundary.

Bt3--38 to 51 cm (15 to 20 inches); yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) clay; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; few fine roots; many faint gray (10YR 5/1) clay films on faces of peds; many (30 percent) medium distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions on faces of peds; common fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation throughout; few fine distinct black (10YR 2/1) masses of manganese accumulation on faces of peds; 10 percent gravel; neutral; clear wavy boundary.

Bt4--51 to 74 cm (20 to 29 inches); brown (10YR 5/3) very gravelly clay; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; few very fine roots; many distinct gray (10YR 5/1) clay films on faces of peds; many (25 percent) medium faint grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions on faces of peds; common fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation on faces of peds; 38 percent gravel; neutral; clear wavy boundary. [Combined thickness of the Bt horizon is 38 to 56 cm (15 to 22 inches).]

BC--74 to 114 cm (29 to 45 inches); brown (10YR 5/3) very gravelly loam; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; friable; few very fine roots; 35 percent sedimentary and 8 percent metamorphic rock fragments; slightly effervescent; moderately alkaline; diffuse wavy boundary. [15 to 61 cm (6 to 24 inches) thick]

C--114 to 203 cm (45 to 80 inches); brown (10YR 5/3) very gravelly coarse sand; single grain; loose; 46 percent sedimentary and 4 percent metamorphic rock fragments; violently effervescent; moderately alkaline.

TYPE LOCATION: Darke County, Ohio; about 50 feet west of New Madison, in Harrison Township; 320 feet west and 740 feet north of the center of sec. 13, T. 10 N., R. 1 E.; USGS New Madison, Ohio topographic quadrangle; lat. 39 degrees 58 minutes 10.8 seconds N. and long. 84 degrees 42 minutes 54.8 seconds W., NAD 83.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Thickness of the solum: 76 to 140 cm (30 to 55 inches)
Depth to carbonates: 61 to 102 cm (24 to 40 inches)
Depth to sandy or sandy-skeletal material: 102 to 152 cm (40 to 60 inches)
Particle-size control section: averages 35 to 42 percent clay
Rock fragments: mainly water worn fragments of limestone

Ap horizon:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 4 or 5 (6 or 7 dry)
Chroma: 1 to 3
Texture: silt loam or loam
Rock fragment content: 0 to 5 percent
Reaction: moderately acid to neutral

A horizon, where present:
Value: 2 or 3
Chroma: 1 or 2

E horizon, where present:
Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y
Value: 4 to 6
Chroma: 1 or 2
Texture: silt loam or loam
Rock fragment content: 0 to 5 percent
Reaction: moderately acid to neutral

Some pedons have a BE or BA horizon.

Bt or Btg horizon:
Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y
Value: 4 to 6
Chroma: 2 to 4
Texture: commonly silt loam, silty clay loam, clay, or clay loam, and includes the gravelly or very gravelly analogs of sandy clay loam, clay loam, clay, or loam in the lower part
Rock fragment content: 0 to 14 percent in the upper part and 15 to 40 percent in the lower part
Reaction: moderately acid to neutral in the upper part and slightly acid to slightly alkaline in the lower part

BC or BCg horizon:
Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y
Value: 4 to 6
Chroma: 2 to 4
Texture: gravelly or very gravelly analogs of loam, sandy loam, coarse sandy loam, or silt loam
Rock fragment content: 15 to 59 percent
Reaction: slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline

C or Cg horizon:
Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y
Value: 4 to 6
Chroma: 2 to 6
Texture: very gravelly or extremely gravelly analogs of loamy sand, sand, loamy coarse sand, or coarse sand, and commonly is stratified
Rock fragment content: 35 to 75 percent
Reaction: slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline

COMPETING SERIES: These are the Adeland and Lamine series. Adeland soils have a lithic contact within a depth of 102 cm (40 inches). Lamine soils do not have rock fragments within the series control section.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Savona soils are on outwash plains or terraces and have loose sandy and gravelly outwash at a depth of 102 to 152 cm (40 to 60 inches). Slope ranges from 0 to 2 percent. The soils formed in outwash high in limestone gravel and sand, and in some places have a mantle of silty or loamy alluvium or loess as much as 46 cm (18 inches) thick. Climate is humid and temperate. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 864 to 1118 mm (34 to 44 inches). Mean annual air temperature ranges from 11 to 13 degrees C (51 to 55 degrees F). Frost-free period is 130 to 160 days. Elevation is 299 to 366 meters (980 to 1200 feet) above mean sea level.

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Eldean, Lippincott, Ockley, Wea, and Westland series. The well drained Eldean, Ockley, and Wea soils are on higher or more sloping parts of the landform. In addition, Eldean soils have loose sandy and gravelly outwash between a depth of 51 to 102 cm (20 and 40 inches). Also, Ockley and Wea soils have less clay within the particle-size control section, and Wea soils have a mollic epipedon. The very poorly drained Lippincott and Westland soils are in depressions and have a mollic epipedon.

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Somewhat poorly drained. The depth to the top of an intermittent apparent high water table ranges from 15 to 76 cm (0.5 to 2.5 feet) between December and April in normal years. The potential for surface runoff is negligible to low. Saturated hydraulic conductivity is moderately high in the solum and high or very high in the substratum. Permeability is moderate or moderately slow in the solum and rapid or very rapid in the substratum.

USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas of Savona soils are cultivated. Principal crops are corn, soybeans, small grain, and hay. Native vegetation is mixed, deciduous forest with oaks, hickory, and maple as dominant species.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Western Ohio and possibly in eastern Indiana; MLRA 111A. The series is of small extent, about 6,000 acres.

SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (SSRO) RESPONSIBLE: AMHERST, MASSACHUSETTS

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Darke County, Ohio, 1984.

REMARKS: The Savona soils were formerly identified as taxadjuncts of the Homer series or were included with the Sleeth series in earlier correlations.

Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon: from the surface to a depth of 18 cm (Ap horizon).
Argillic horizon: from a depth of 18 to 74 cm (Bt horizon).
Aquic conditions: iron depletions with chroma of 2 or less throughout the argillic horizon.

ADDITIONAL DATA: Characterization data is available for DK-26 and DK-31 (typical pedon) from the Soil Characterization Laboratory at The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.

National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.