LOCATION SISSABAGAMA WIEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Mixed, frigid Oxyaquic Udipsamments
TYPICAL PEDON: Sissabagama loamy sand - on a southwest facing 2 percent slope in abandoned cropland at an elevation of about 1000 feet. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
Ap--0 to 10 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) loamy sand, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) dry; weak fine subangular blocky structure; very friable; many very fine and fine roots; 2 percent gravel; moderately acid; abrupt smooth boundary. (6 to 10 inches thick)
Bw1--10 to 24 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) sand; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; very friable; few very fine and fine roots; 5 percent gravel; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary.
Bw2--24 to 31 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) sand; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; very friable; few very fine roots; 5 percent gravel; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the Bw horizons ranges from 8 to 25 inches thick)
E&Bt--31 to 45 inches; 95 percent strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) sand (E); weak coarse subangular blocky structure; vey friable; few very fine roots; common medium faint strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; lamellae (2 to 5mm thick) of brown (7.5YR 4/4) sand (Bt); weak fine subangular blocky structure; very friable; few very fine roots; reddish brown (5YR 4/4) clay bridging sand grains; 2 percent gravel; slightly acid; abrupt smooth boundary. (5 to 25 inches thick)
2C1--45 to 60 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/3) stratified very fine sand and silt; massive; friable; common coarse distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; slightly acid; abrupt smooth boundary.
2C2--60 to 65 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/3) stratified silt and very fine sand; massive; friable, common medium distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; moderately acid; abrupt smooth boundary.
2C3--65 to 80 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/3) stratified very fine sand and silt; massive; friable, slightly acid.
TYPE LOCATION: Burnett County, Wisconsin; about 7 miles east of Siren; 2900 feet north and 1600 feet east of the southwest corner of sec. 4, T. 38 N., R. 15 W.; USGS Hertel, Wis. quadrangle; lat. 45 degrees 48 minutes 23 seconds N. and long. 92 degrees 13 minutes 51 seconds W.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Thickness of the sandy mantle and depth to the stratified material ranges from 40 to 60 inches. Volume of gravel ranges from 0 to 15 percent in the sandy mantle and from 0 to 5 percent in the stratified material. Reaction ranges from very strongly acid to slightly acid in the solum, but ranges to neutral in the Ap horizon where the soil is limed. Reaction ranges from strongly acid to neutral in the substratum. Carbonates are absent to more than 80 inches. Redox accumulations are within 40 inches. Saturation occurs at 30 to 40 inches for 30 days in most years. Base saturation is less than 50 percent.
The Ap or A horizon has hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 2 or 3, and chroma of 1 or 2. Some forested pedons have an O horizon of partially decomposed litter. It has hue of 7.5YR or 10YR or is neutral, value of 2 or 3, and chroma of 0 to 2. Texture is loamy sand.
Some pedons have an E horizon with hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 2 or 3. Texture is loamy sand or sand.
The Bw horizon has hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 3 or 4. Texture is sand or loamy sand. Bw horizons with spodic colors have pH greater than 5.9 or organic carbon content of less than 0.6 percent or do not have an overlying albic horizon.
The E part of the E&Bt horizon has hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 4 to 6. The Bt part has hue of 5YR or 7.5YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 4 to 6. Typically, texture is sand or loamy sand. The thickness of each lamella ranges from 1/16 to 3 inches.
Some pedons have Bt horizons with colors and textures similar to the Bt part of the E&Bt. The combined thickness of the lamellae (greater than 3/8 inch thick) and Bt horizons, if present, is less than 6 inches.
The 2C horizon has hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 3 to 6. It is stratified with layers of fine sand, very fine sand, loamy very fine sand, sandy loam, very fine sandy loam, fine sandy loam, silt, or silt loam. Some pedons have strata of sand or loamy sand.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Crex, Lenroot (T), Mooers, Pelkie, Seulchoix, Sunia, Tourtillotte, Westoo, and Wurtsmith series. Crex, Lenroot, Mooers, Pelkie, Seulchoix, Sunia, Westoo and Wurtsmith soils do not have stratified lacustine sediments in the lower part of the series control section. Tourtillotte soils do not have lamellae in the series control section.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Sissabagama soils are on outwash plains, outwash terraces, lake terraces, and lake plains. Slopes range from 0 to 6 percent. These soils formed in sandy deposits underlain by stratified loamy and sandy lacustrine deposits. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 28 to 30 inches. Mean annual temperature ranges from 40 to 42 degrees F. The average frost free period ranges from about 110 to 130 days. Elevation ranges from 900 to 1200 feet.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Aftad, Graycalm, and Grettum soils. The Aftad soils are formed entirely in lacustrine deposits and occupy nearby glacial lake basins. The well drained Graycalm and moderately well drained Grettum soils do not have lacustrine materials in the substratum.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Moderately well drained. Surface runoff is slow. Permeability is rapid in the solum and moderate in the substratum. Sissabagama soils have a perched seasonal high water table at a depth of 2.5 to 3.5 for 1 month or more per year at some time during September to June. The water table is perched over stratified lacustrine sediments, but in most years will eventually saturate the lacustrine sediments and exhibit an apparent water table.
USE AND VEGETATION: Many areas are used for cropland. Common crops are corn, small grain, and hay. Some areas are used for pastureland. Some areas which were used for cropland have been allowed to revert to woodland. Native vegetation is mixed deciduous and coniferous forest commonly with some grass in the understory. The most common trees are northern red oak and bur oak with some red pine, eastern white pine, quaking aspen, and bigtooth aspen.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Northwestern Wisconsin. This soil is of small extent.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: St. Paul, Minnesota
SERIES PROPOSED: Burnett County, Wisconsin, 1996. Source of the name is a lake in Sawyer County.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons recognized in this pedon are: ochric epipedon - 0 to 10 inches (Ap);
oxyaquic feature - redoximorphic fetures and saturation within 40 inches;
frigid temperature regime.