LOCATION SOUTHBROOK MN+IAEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine, smectitic, mesic Cumulic Vertic Endoaquolls
TYPICAL PEDON: Southbrook silty clay loam, on a slope of 1 percent, in a CRP field, at an elevation about 424 meters above sea level. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise noted.)
Ap--0 to 25 centimeters; black (10YR 2/1) silty clay loam, very dark gray (10YR 3/1) dry; weak fine granular and weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable; many very fine roots; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary.
A1--25 to 69 centimeters; black (2.5Y 2.5/1) silty clay, very dark gray (10YR 3/1) dry; moderate very fine subangular blocky structure; firm; few very fine roots; common fine prominent dark reddish brown (5YR 3/4) iron concentrations; neutral; gradual smooth boundary.
A2--69 to 102 centimeters; black (2.5Y 2/1) silty clay, very dark gray (10YR 3/1) dry; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; sheen on faces of peds; slightly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
Bg--102 to 109 centimeters; very dark gray (2.5Y 3/1) sandy clay loam, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) dry; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; about 2 percent gravel; neutral; gradual wavy boundary.
2Cg--109 to 203 centimeters; dark gray (5Y 4/1) coarse sand; single grain; loose; about 10 percent gravel; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline.
TYPE LOCATION: Major Land Resource Area (MLRA) 103) - Central Iowa and Minnesota Till Prairies, Cottonwood County, Minnesota subset; about 1 mile north and 4 miles east of Dundee; located about 1,050 feet north and 75 feet west of the southeast corner of section 27, T. 105 N., R. 38 W.; USGS Dundee topographic quadrangle; lat. 43 degrees 51 minutes 56 seconds N. and long. 95 degrees 22 minutes 54 seconds W., NAD 83.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Thickness of the mollic epipedon--75 to 125 centimeters
Depth to carbonates--100 to more than 150 centimeters
Depth to outwash--100 to 150 centimeters
Clay content of the particle-size control section (weighted average)--35 to 45 percent
Sand content of the particle-size control section (weighted average)--0 to 15 percent
A or Ap horizon:
Hue--10YR, 2.5Y, 5Y, or is neutral
Value--2 or 3
Chroma--0 or 1
Texture--silty clay loam or silty clay
Clay content--35 to 45 percent
Sand content--0 to 15 percent
Rock fragment content--0 percent
Reaction--pH 6.1 to 7.3
Thickness--60 to 125 centimeters
Some pedons have a thin AB or BA horizon
Bg horizon:
Hue--2.5Y, 5Y, or is neutral
Value--4 or 5
Chroma--0 to 2
Texture--sandy clay loam, sandy loam, silty clay loam or silty clay
Clay content--12 to 45 percent
Sand content--0 to 60 percent
Rock fragment content--0 to 5 percent
Reaction--pH 6.1 to 7.3
Thickness--0 to 15 centimeters
2Cg horizon:
Hue--2.5Y or 5Y
Value--4 or 5
Chroma--0 to 2
Texture--coarse sand, sand, loamy sand, loamy coarse sand, or the gravelly analogues of these textures
Clay content--5 to 12 percent
Sand content--70 to 95 percent
Rock fragment content--0 to 35 percent
Reaction--pH 7.3 to 8.4
COMPETING SERIES: These are the
Chehalem,
Clamo,
Derrynane,
Okoboji,
Peotone,
Rantoul,
Shiloh,
Wabash,
Zoe, and
Zook series.
Chehalem--have a clay content of 30 to 50 percent in the lower third of the series control section
Clamo--have carbonates within a depth of 75 centimeters
Derrynane--have a sand content of 30 to 45 percent in the lower third of the series control section
Okoboji--have a clay content of 20 to 40 percent in the lower third of the series control section
Peotone--have a clay content of 25 to 42 percent in lower third of the series control section
Rantoul--have a clay content that averages 45 to 60 percent in the particle-size control section
Shiloh--have a clay content of 35 to 50 percent in the lower third of the series control section
Wabash--have a clay content that averages 45 to 60 percent in the particle-size control section
Zoe--have a clay content that averages 40 to 50 percent in the lower third of the series control section
Zook--have a clay content of 20 to 45 percent in the lower third of the series control section
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Parent material--100 to 150 centimeters of alluvium over outwash
Landform--flats and swales on flood plains and stream terraces in river valleys
Slope--0 to 2 percent
Elevation--300 to 400 meters above sea level
Mean annual air temperature--6 to 10 degrees C
Mean annual precipitation--585 to 890 millimeters
Frost-free period--155 to 200 days
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the
Biscay,
Dickman
Estherville,
Mayer,
Minneopa, and
Shandep soils.
Biscay--are on slightly higher landscape positions and have a mollic epipedon less than 60 centimeters thick
Dickman--are on higher landscape positions and do not have a saturated zone within 1.8 meters during the wettest periods of the years when precipitation is within one standard deviation of the 30 year mean of annual precipitation
Estherville--are on higher landscape positions and do not have a saturated zone within 1.8 meters during the wettest periods of the years when precipitation is within one standard deviation of the 30 year mean of annual precipitation
Mayer--are on slightly higher landscape positions and have carbonates within a depth of 25 centimeters
Minneopa--are on higher landscape positions and have a clay content of less than 15 percent in the particle-size control section
Shandep--are on landscape positions similar to those of the Southbrook soils and have a clay content that averages less than 35 percent in the particle-size control section
DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY:
Drainage class--poorly drained--these soils are frequently saturated between the soil surface and a depth of 0.3 meter during the wettest periods of years when precipitation is within one standard deviation of the 30 year mean of annual precipitation
Saturated hydraulic conductivity--0.10 to 1.00 micrometers per second in the alluvium and 10.00 to 705.00 micrometers per second in the underlying outwash
Flooding--rarely to frequently flooded for brief to long duration
USE AND VEGETATION:
Where drained, most areas are cultivated. The principal crops are corn and soybeans. The native vegetation is big bluestem, western wheatgrass, sedges, blue grama and other species of the tall grass prairie that are tolerant of excessive wetness.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT:
Physiographic Division--Interior Plains
Physiographic Province--Central Lowland
Physiographic section--Western lake section
MLRA--Central Iowa and Minnesota Till Prairies (103)
LRR M; north-central Iowa and south-central Minnesota
Extentsmall
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: St. Paul, Minnesota; MLRA SSO 10-5 (Albert Lea, Minnesota).
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Cottonwood County, Minnesota, 2009.
REMARKS:
Particle-size control section--the zone from a depth 25 to 100 centimeters (A1, A2 horizons);
series control section--the zone from the surface to a depth of 150 centimeters (Ap, A1, A2, Bg, and 2Cg horizons).
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon:
mollic epipedon--the zone from the surface to a depth 109 centimeters (Ap, A1, A2, and Bg horizons);
aquic moisture regime.
Vertic subgroup based on linear extensibility greater than 6.0 centimeters between the surface and a depth of 100 centimeters.
Taxonomy version--Keys to Soil Taxonomy, 10th edition, 2006.