LOCATION TITUSVILLE OH+PA

Established Series
Rev. DRM
11/2021

TITUSVILLE SERIES

The Titusville series consists of very deep, moderately well drained soils formed in weathered Illinoian till and in a thin mantle of loess in some areas. These soils are on uplands. Slope ranges from 0 to 30 percent. Mean annual precipitation is about 991 mm (39 inches), and mean annual air temperature is about 11 degrees C (51 degrees F).

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, mixed, active, mesic Aquic Fragiudalfs

TYPICAL PEDON: Titusville silt loam, on a 4 percent slope in an idle field, formerly cropland. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)

Ap--0 to 18 cm (0 to 7 inches); brown (10YR 5/3) silt loam, pale brown (10YR 6/3) dry; weak fine granular structure; friable; very strongly acid; abrupt smooth boundary. [15 to 25 cm (6 to 10 inches) thick]

BE--18 to 28 cm (7 to 11 inches); yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silty clay loam; weak thick platy structure parting to moderate very fine subangular blocky; friable; pale brown (10YR 6/3) coatings on faces of peds; few rock fragments; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. [0 to 25 cm (10 inches) thick]

Bt1--28 to 41 cm (11 to 16 inches); yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) clay loam; moderate medium and fine subangular blocky structure; firm; thin patchy brown (10YR 5/3) clay films on faces of peds; few fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; few rock fragments; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.

Bt2--41 to 53 cm (16 to 21 inches); yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) clay loam; weak coarse prismatic structure parting to moderate medium angular blocky; firm; brown (10YR 5/3), dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2), and gray (10YR 5/1) coatings on faces of prisms; brown (10YR 5/3) coatings including thin patchy clay films on faces of blocks; dark stains of iron and manganese oxides on 5 percent of faces of prisms; common fine distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions and yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; few rock fragments; very strongly acid; abrupt wavy boundary. [Combined thickness of the Bt horizon is 13 to 36 cm (5 to 14 inches).]

Btx1--53 to 86 cm (21 to 34 inches); yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) loam; strong very coarse prismatic structure parting to moderate thick platy; firm; thick continuous dark gray (10YR 4/1) and gray (10YR 5/1) clay films on faces of prisms; thin patchy brown (10YR 5/3) clay films on plates; dark stains of iron and manganese oxides on 10 to 30 percent of faces of peds; common fine distinct dark gray (10YR 4/1) and gray (10YR 5/1) iron depletions and common medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; 5 percent rock fragments; brittle; very strongly acid; diffuse wavy boundary.

Btx2--86 to 114 cm (34 to 45 inches); yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) loam; moderate very coarse prismatic structure parting to moderate thick platy; very firm; thick continuous dark gray (10YR 4/1) and grayish brown (10YR 5/2) clay films on faces of peds; thin patchy brown (10YR 5/3) clay films on plates; dark stains of iron and manganese oxides on 10 percent of vertical faces and 10 to 60 percent of horizontal faces of peds; common coarse prominent light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron depletions; 8 percent rock fragments; brittle; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. [Combined thickness of the Btx horizon is 41 to 107 cm (20 to 42 inches).]

BC1--114 to 132 cm (45 to 52 inches); yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) loam; weak very coarse prismatic structure parting to moderate medium subangular blocky; firm; common vertical gray (10YR 6/1) streaks and coatings on rock fragments; dark stains of iron and manganese oxides on 5 percent of horizontal and vertical faces of peds; few medium prominent yellowish red (5YR 5/8) masses of iron accumulation; 10 percent rock fragments; very strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary.

BC2--132 to 152 cm (52 to 60 inches); yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) gravelly loam; weak very coarse subangular blocky structure parting to weak thin platy; firm; irregular vertical gray (10YR 6/1) streaks and coatings on rock fragments; common fine and medium distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) masses of iron accumulation; 20 percent rock fragments; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary. [Combined thickness of the BC horizon is 0 to 76 cm (30 inches).]

C1--152 to 173 cm (60 to 68 inches); yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) gravelly loam; massive; firm; occasional gray (N 6/) streaks; common medium distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions; common coarse distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) and common fine distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; 15 percent rock fragments; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.

C2--173 to 206 cm (68 to 81 inches); yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) loam; massive; friable; common fine distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions; few coarse distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; 10 percent rock fragments; slightly acid.

TYPE LOCATION: Richland County, Ohio, about 3/4 mile west of Butler, in Worthington Township; 550 feet north and 40 feet east of the center of sec. 19, T. 21 N., R. 17 W.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Thickness of the solum: typically more than 152 cm (60 inches) but ranges from 127 to 254 cm (50 to 100 inches)
Thickness of loess: 0 to 41 cm (16 inches)
Depth to the fragipan: 41 to 71 cm (16 to 28 inches)
Rock fragments: mainly subrounded fragments of sandstone, siltstone, or shale with some crystalline rocks

Ap horizon:
Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y
Value: 4 or 5 (6 or more dry)
Chroma: 2 or 3
Texture: silt loam or loam
Rock fragment content: 0 to 5 percent
Reaction: extremely acid to slightly acid

A horizon, where present:
Value: 2 or 3
Chroma: 2
Texture: silt loam or loam
Rock fragment content: 0 to 5 percent
Reaction: extremely acid to slightly acid

E horizon:
Thickness: 5 to 25 cm (2 to 10 inches)
Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y
Value: 4 to 6
Chroma: 2 to 4
Texture: silt loam or loam
Rock fragment content: 0 to 5 percent
Reaction: extremely acid to strongly acid

Some pedons have a BA horizon.

BE or Bt horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 4 to 6
Chroma: 3 to 6
Texture: loam, clay loam, silt loam, or silty clay loam
Rock fragment content: 0 to 5 percent
Reaction: extremely acid to moderately acid

Btx horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR, 10YR, or 2.5Y
Value: 2 to 6
Chroma: 2 to 6
Texture: loam, silt loam, clay loam, or silty clay loam or the gravelly analogs of these textures
Rock fragment content: 5 to 20 percent
Reaction: extremely acid to strongly acid

BC or C horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR, 10YR, or 2.5Y
Value: 2 to 6
Chroma: 2 to 6
Texture: loam, silt loam, clay loam, or silty clay loam or the gravelly analogs of these textures
Rock fragment content: 5 to 34 percent
Reaction: very strongly acid to moderately acid (BC horizon), strongly acid to slightly alkaline (C horizon)

COMPETING SERIES: These are the Amwell, Canfield, Nockamixon, Rittman, Teegarden, and Urbana series. Amwell, Nockamixon, and Urbana soils have sola less than 127 cm (50 inches) thick. Canfield and Rittman soils formed in till of Wisconsinan age. In addition, Rittman soils are less acid in the lower part of the series control. Teegarden soils formed in loess, till, and in residual parent materials.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Titusville soils typically are on interfluves or on glaciated benches at the foot of steeper slopes, but also are on hillsides in some areas. Slope ranges from 0 to 30 percent. The soils formed in weathered Illinoian till dominantly of sandstone and shale materials and in a mantle of loess or silty material as much as 41 cm (16 inches) thick in some areas. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 940 to 1143 mm (37 to 45 inches). Mean annual air temperature ranges from 10 to 12 degrees C (50 to 54 degrees F).

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Gresham and Hanover soils in a toposequence with Titusville soils and the Alvira, Dekalb, Gilpin, Lordstown, Loudonville, Muskingum, Shelmadine, and Wharton soils. The somewhat poorly drained Gresham soils are on less sloping areas or on higher topographic positions and the well drained Hanover soils are on more sloping areas or on higher topographic positions. In western Pennsylvania, Alvira soils have lower base saturation and are in similar topographic positions as Titusville soils and the poorly drained Shelmadine soils have lower base saturation in low topographic positions or at the head of drainageways. The excessively drained Dekalb soils and the well drained Gilpin, Lordstown, Loudonville, and Muskingum soils have bedrock within a depth of 51 to 102 cm (20 to 40 inches), lack fragipans, and often are on steeper slopes above areas of Titusville soils. Wharton soils have low base saturation and are on nearby landscapes that lack glacial erratics.

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Moderately well drained. The potential for surface runoff is low to very high depending on slope gradient. Saturated hydraulic conductivity is moderately low. Permeability is slow.

USE AND VEGETATION: About 50 percent of the areas had been cleared for cropland and pasture, although many areas are now idle. Principal crops are corn, hay, and small grain. Wooded areas are in mixed hardwood; mainly hickory, oaks, and sugar maple.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: East central Ohio and west central Pennsylvania; MLRAs 114A and 139. The type location is in MLRA 114A. The series is of moderate extent, estimated to be about 50,000 acres.

SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (SSRO) RESPONSIBLE: AMHERST, MASSACHUSETTS

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Crawford County, Pennsylvania, 1939.

REMARKS: Where the thickness of loess is near the maximum, family placement is borderline fine-silty.

Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon: for the surface to 28 cm (Ap, BE horizons).
Argillic horizon: from a depth of 28 to 114 cm (Bt, Btx horizons).
Fragipan: from a depth of 53 to 114 cm (Btx horizon).
Aquic conditions: redox features visible in all horizons below a depth of 41 cm.

ADDITIONAL DATA: Laboratory data is available on one pedon sampled in Crawford County, Pennsylvania - S65-Pa-20-5; one pedon in Richland County, Ohio - RC-25; and one pedon in Columbiana County, Ohio - CO-143.

National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.