LOCATION TULIP INEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, mixed, active, mesic Oxyaquic Hapludults
TYPICAL PEDON: Tulip silt loam on a 30 percent slope in a forest at an elevation of 253 meters (830 feet) above mean MSL. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated).
Oi--0 to 3 cm (0 to 1 inches); partially decomposed deciduous leaf litter.
A--3 to 8 cm (1 to 3 inches); very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) silt loam; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry; weak very fine granular structure; friable; many fine to coarse roots; many fine interstitial and tubular pores; 14 percent sandstone and siltstone channers; extremely acid; abrupt wavy boundary. [5 to 18 cm (2 to 7 inches) thick]
E/A--8 to 18 cm (3 to 7 inches); 85 percent brown (10YR 5/3) and 15 percent very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) channery silt loam; weak very fine subangular blocky structure; friable; many fine to coarse roots; many fine interstitial and tubular pores; dark grayish brown 10YR 3/2 silt loam filling krotovinas; 28 percent sandstone and siltstone channers; extremely acid; abrupt wavy boundary. [0 to 15 cm (0 to 6 inches) thick]
BE--18 to 36 cm (7 to 14 inches); yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) very channery silt loam; weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable; many fine to coarse roots; many very fine and fine interstitial and tubular pores; 45 percent sandstone and siltstone channers; extremely acid; clear wavy boundary. [0 to 20 cm (0 to 8 inches) thick]
Bt1--36 to 66 cm (14 to 26 inches); dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/6) channery silty clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; common fine and medium roots; common very fine and fine tubular pores; many distinct dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) clay films on faces of peds and in pores; 32 percent sandstone and siltstone channers; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
Bt2--66 to 99 cm (26 to 39 inches); light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) channery loam; weak medium platy structure parting to moderate fine subangular blocky; friable; common fine and medium roots; common very fine and fine tubular pores; common distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) clay films on faces of peds and in pores; many distinct pale brown (10YR 6/3) silt coats on faces of peds; 32 percent sandstone and siltstone channers; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
Bt3--99 to 114 cm (39 to 45 inches); light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) channery loam; weak thin platy structure parting to weak fine subangular blocky; friable; common fine and medium roots; common very fine and fine tubular pores; common distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) clay films on faces of peds and in pores; many distinct pale brown (10YR 6/3) silt coats on faces of peds; few fine prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) masses of oxidized iron in the matrix; few fine distinct gray (10YR 6/1) iron depletions in the matrix; 22 percent sandstone and siltstone channers; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. [Combined thickness of the Bt horizon is 51 to 102 cm (20 to 40 inches).]
2Bt4--114 to 157 cm (45 to 62 inches); yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silty clay loam; moderate thin platy structure parting to moderate fine angular blocky; very firm; few fine roots between peds; few very fine and fine vesicular and tubular pores; many distinct dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) clay films on faces of peds and in pores; many fine and medium distinct gray (10YR 6/1) iron depletions in the matrix; few fine distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of oxidized iron in the matrix; 3 percent siltstone channers; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
2Bt5--157 to 178 cm (62 to 70 inches); yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silty clay loam; weak thin platy structure parting to weak fine angular blocky; very firm; few fine roots between peds; few very fine and fine vesicular and tubular pores; few distinct dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) clay films on faces of peds; many fine and medium distinct gray (10YR 6/1) iron depletions in the matrix; few fine distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of oxidized iron in the matrix; 2 percent siltstone channers; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. (The combined thickness of the 2Bt horizon is 51 to 91 cm or 20 to 36 inches.)
2CB--178 to 203 cm (70 to 80 inches); gray (10YR 6/1) clay; moderate thin platy structure; very firm; few fine roots between peds; few very fine and fine vesicular and tubular pores; common fine and medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) and few fine prominent strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) masses of oxidized iron in the matrix; 2 percent siltstone channers; very strongly acid.
TYPE LOCATION: Owen County, Indiana; about 9 miles southeast of Spencer; 350 feet east and 1,000 feet north of the southwest corner of sec. 36, T. 9 N., R. 3 W. USGS Whitehall, Indiana topographic quadrangle; lat. 039 degrees 10 minutes 7.02 seconds N. and long. 086 degrees 42 minutes 2.41 seconds W., UTM Zone 16, 525858 easting and 4335531 northing, NAD 83.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Depth to the base of the argillic horizon: 127 to 203 cm (50 to 80 inches)
Depth to bedrock (paralithic contact): 152 to 229 cm (60 to 90 inches)
Particle-size control section averages: 20 to 30 percent clay and 20 to 40 percent sand, and 15 to 34 percent rock fragments.
Rock fragments: dominantly strongly cemented or more resistant sandstone and siltstone channers
A, E/A, or E horizon, where present:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 3 or 4 for the A horizon, 4 or 5 for the E horizon
Chroma: 2 or 3 for the A horizon, 3 or 4 for the E horizon
Texture: silt loam, loam, channery silt loam or channery loam
Clay content: 12 to 20 percent
Sand content: 10 to 20 percent
Rock fragments: 2 to 20 percent
Reaction: extremely acid to strongly acid
BE, Bt horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 4 to 6
Chroma: 4 to 8
Texture: silt loam, loam, channery silt loam, channery loam, or channery silty clay loam
Clay content: 18 to 28 percent
Sand content: 20 to 40 percent
Rock fragments: 5 to 34 percent, individual layers can have up to 50 percent rock fragments
Reaction: extremely acid to strongly acid
2Bt horizon:
Hue: 5YR, 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 5 or 6
Chroma: 1 to 8
Texture: silty clay loam, silty clay, clay or their channery analogues
Clay content: 32 to 50 percent
Sand content: 10 to 25 percent
Rock fragments: 2 to 20 percent
Reaction: very strongly acid or strongly acid
2BC, 2CB horizon:
Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y
Value: 5 or 6
Chroma: 1 to 6
Texture: clay or silty clay
Clay content: 40 to 50 percent
Sand content: 5 to 25 percent
Rock fragments: 0 to 5 percent
Reaction: very strongly acid to moderately acid
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Birdsboro, Chilmark, Hassler, Roselle, and Thurmont soils. Birdsboro and Chilmark soils have a solum less than 50 inches thick. Hassler soils have a lithic contact above 60 inches. Roselle soils average less than 15 percent rock fragments in the particle-size control section. Thurmont soils average more than 25 percent sand in the lower part of the solum.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Tulip soils are on footslopes and backslopes of hills underlain with interbedded shale and siltstone. They formed in 76 to 127 cm (30 to 50 inches) of colluvium and the underlying paleosol in residuum from shale of Mississippi age. Slopes range from 12 to 35 percent. Mean annual precipitation ranges from about 1067 to 1143 mm (42 to 45 inches) and mean annual temperature ranges from about 11.1 to 13.9 degrees C (52 to 57 degrees F). Frost free days range from 170 to 200. Elevation ranges from 105.2 to 305 meters (345 to 1000 feet) above mean sea level.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: Adyeville, Ebal, Potawatomi, Tipsaw, Wellston and Zanesville soils. The well drained, moderately deep Adyeville soils are on shoulders and backslopes of hills. The moderately well drained Ebal soils are on backslopes of hills. The moderately well drained Potawatomi soils are on summits of hills. The somewhat excessively drained, moderately deep Tipsaw soils are on higher lying positions on backslopes of hills. The well drained, more silty Wellston soils are on shoulders and higher lying backslopes. The moderately well drained Zanesville soils are on summits and shoulders of hills.
DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Well drained. Saturated hydraulic conductivity is moderately high or high (4.23 to 14.11 micrometers/s) in the upper part of the solum and moderately low to moderately high (0.42 to 1.41 micrometers/s) in the lower part. Permeability is moderate in the upper part of the solum and slow in the lower part. The potential for surface runoff is high. Depth to an intermittent perched high water table is at 76 to 107 cm (2.5 to 3.5 feet) from December through April in normal years.
USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas are used for woodland and pasture. Native vegetation is deciduous hardwood forest.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: South-central Indiana. The acreage is of small extent in the west part of MLRA 120B.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Morgantown, West Virginia
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Owen County, Indiana, 1997. Source of the name is a small village in Greene County, Indiana.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons recognized in this pedon are:
1) Ochric epipedon - the zone from 0 to 36 cm (14 inches) (A, E/A, BE horizons);
2) Argillic horizon - the zone from 36 to 178 cm (14 to 70 inches) (Bt1, Bt2, Bt3, 2Bt4 and 2Bt5 horizons);
3) Redoximorphic depletions: at 99 to 203 cm (39 to 80 inches).
These soils were included in mapping with the Muskingum and Wellston soils in the 1964 Owen County Soil Survey. The base saturation at the critical depth is near the 35 percent break between alfisols and ultisols. As additional data is acquired the classification may change from a Hapludult to a Hapludalf.
ADDITIONAL DATA: Laboratory data available at the National Soil Survey Laboratory: two pedons from Owen County, IN S90IN119-46 and S93IN119-34, typical pedon.