LOCATION WILLIMAN SCEstablished Series
The Williman series consists of very deep, poorly drained, moderately permeable soils formed in loamy marine sediments. These soils are on broad nearly level areas, in depressions, and along drainageways of the lower Coastal Plain. Slopes range from 0 to 2 percent.
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Loamy, siliceous, semiactive, thermic Arenic Endoaquults
TYPICAL PEDON: Williman loamy fine sand--forested. (Colors are for moist soil.)
A--0 to 5 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) loamy fine sand; moderate medium granular structure; very friable, many fine and medium roots; many fine uncoated sand grains; very strongly acid; clear smooth boundary. (3 to 9 inches thick)
E1--5 to 15 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) loamy fine sand; common medium faint grayish brown (10YR 5/2) and few fine distinct light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) mottles; weak medium subangular blocky structure; very friable; common fine and medium roots; few fine pores; very strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary.
E2--15 to 26 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) loamy fine sand; many coarse faint light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/4), common fine distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/8), and few fine prominent yellowish red (5YR 5/8) mottles; weak medium subangular blocky structure; very friable; few fine and medium roots; few fine pores; common fine uncoated sand grains; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the E horizon is 12 to 30 inches)
Btg1--26 to 30 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) fine sandy loam; common medium distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) and light yellowish brown (2.5YR 6/4) and common fine prominent yellowish red (5YR 5/8) mottles; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; sand grains bridged and coated with clay; few fine and medium roots; few fine pores; common fine uncoated sand grains; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
Btg2--30 to 47 inches; gray (10YR 5/1) sandy clay loam; common medium distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) and brownish yellow (10YR 6/8), and common fine prominent yellowish red (5YR 5/8) mottles; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine and medium roots; few faint clay films in old root channels and on faces of peds; some peds bridged with light brownish gray loamy fine sand; few medium pockets of light gray fine sand; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
Btg3--47 to 59 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) sandy clay loam; many medium faint pale olive (5Y 6/3), common fine distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/8), and few fine prominent yellowish red (5YR 5/8) mottles; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine roots; few faint clay films in old root channels and on faces of some peds; few thin strata of light gray fine sand; few fine flakes of mica; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the Bt horizon is 24 to more than 48 inches thick)
BCg1--59 to 73 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) sandy clay loam; many medium prominent yellowish red (5YR 4/8), common medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6), and common medium faint pale olive (5Y 6/4) mottles; weak, coarse subangular blocky structure; friable; 3 percent dark reddish brown pebbles of ironstone, 1 to 2 cm in size; few thin strata of light gray fine sand; few fine flakes of mica; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
BCg2--73 to 80 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) sandy clay loam; common medium distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/6), brownish yellow (10YR 6/6), and greenish gray (5GY 6/1), and few medium prominent yellowish red (5YR 4/6) mottles; weak, coarse subangular blocky structure; friable; few thin strata of light gray fine sand; few fine flakes of mica; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the BCg horizon is 0 to more than 30 inches thick)
TYPE LOCATION: Beaufort County, South Carolina; 13 miles northwest of Beaufort; 3.6 miles south of Sheldon; 2400 feet northwest of crossing of railroads at Coosaw, 850 feet north of Seaboard Coastline Railroad, 175 feet west of farm road on edge of woods. Elevation is about 11 feet.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: The soil is extremely acid to slightly acid in the A horizon and extremely acid to strongly acid in the B and C horizons. In some pedons, the lower part of the B horizon and the C horizon have fine flakes of mica, fine dark colored minerals, or as much as 4 percent pebbles of ironstone. The mineralogy of the clay fraction is mixed.
The A horizon has hue of 10YR to 5Y, or it is neutral, value of 2 to 4, and chroma of 0 to 1. Where the value is less than 3.5, the A horizon is less than 10 inches thick. The A horizon is loamy sand, loamy fine sand, sand, or fine sand.
The E horizon, has hue of 10YR to 5Y, value of 4 to 7, and chroma of 1 to 3. Mottles in shades of yellow, brown, or red are in most pedons. It is loamy sand, loamy fine sand, sand, or fine sand.
The Btg horizon has hue of 10YR to 5Y or it is neutral, value of 4 to 7 and chroma of 0 to 2. Mottles in shades of yellow, brown, or red are in most pedons. In pedons with hue of 2.5Y or 5Y the chroma can range to 3 or 4. The Btg horizon is sandy loam, fine sandy loam, sandy clay loam, or clay loam.
The BCg horizon has hue of 10YR to 5Y, 5GY, or neutral, value of 5 to 8, and chroma 1 to 3. Mottles in shades of red, brown, yellow, or gray, are in most pedons. The BCg horizon is sandy loam, fine sandy loam, loamy sand, loamy fine sand or it is stratified in sandy and loamy textures.
The Cg horizon, where present, has colors similar to the BCg horizon. Texture is variable, ranging from sandy to clayey material
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Mulat series in the same family and the Murad, Myatt, Ogeechee, Plummer, and Rains series in similar families. Mulat soils have less clay in the control section. Murad and Plummer soils have a grossarenic epipedon. Myatt, Ogeechee, and Rains soils do not have an arenic epipedon.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Williman soils are on smooth broad nearly level marine terraces, depressions, and along drainageways below elevations of about 40 feet. These soils formed in loamy marine sediments. Near the type location the mean annual temperature is 66 degrees F., mean annual precipitation is 45 inches, and freeze-free season is 257 days.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the competing Murad, and Ogeechee series plus the Chisolm, Coosaw, Eddings, Hobcaw, Yauhannah, and Yemassee series. Chisolm soils are on higher landscapes and are well drained to moderately well drained. Coosaw soils are on adjacent landscapes and are somewhat poorly drained. Eddings soils are on higher adjacent landscapes and have a grossarenic epipedon. Hobcaw soils are on lower nearby landscapes and have an umbric epipedon. Murad soils are on adjacent landscapes and are moderately well to somewhat poorly drained. Ogeechee, Yauhannah, and Yemassee soils are on nearby landscapes and have an argillic horizon within 20 inches of the surface.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Poorly drained; slow runoff; permeability is moderately rapid in the sandy horizons and moderate in the argillic horizon. Seasonal high water table is near the surface for as much as 5 months yearly.
USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas are cleared and used for corn, soybeans, small grain, truck crops, and pasture grasses. Forested areas are dominantly hardwoods with few to common pines. Tree species include sweetgum, blackgum, water oak, white oak, loblolly pine, and slash pine.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Lower Coastal Plain of South Carolina and possibly Georgia, North Carolina, and Virginia. The series is of moderate extent.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Raleigh, North Carolina
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Beaufort County, South Carolina; 1975.
TABULAR SERIES DATA:
SOI-5 Soil Name Slope Airtemp FrFr/Seas Precip Elevation SC0054 WILLIMAN 0- 2 62- 66 230-260 40- 58 0- 5SOI-5 FloodL FloodH Watertable Kind Months Bedrock Hardness SC0054 NONE RARE 0-1.0 APPARENT DEC-APR 60-60
SOI-5 Depth Texture 3-Inch No-10 Clay% -CEC- SC0054 0-26 LS LFS 0- 0 100-100 2-12 1- 3 SC0054 0-26 S FS 0- 0 100-100 1- 7 1- 3 SC0054 26-80 SL FSL SCL 0- 0 92-100 25-35 2- 7 SC0054 80-90 VAR - - - -
SOI-5 Depth -pH- O.M. Salin Permeab Shnk-Swll SC0054 0-26 3.6- 6.5 .5-3. 0- 0 2.0- 6.0 LOW SC0054 0-26 3.6- 6.5 .5-3. 0- 0 6.0- 20 LOW SC0054 26-80 3.6- 5.5 - 0- 0 0.6- 2.0 LOW SC0054 80-90 - - - -