LOCATION ZWINGLE IA+IL MN WI
Established Series
Rev. TEF-RJK-RJB
06/2015
ZWINGLE SERIES
The Zwingle series consists of deep, poorly drained, very slowly permeable soils formed in clayey lacustrine sediments on stream terraces and foot slopes. Slopes range from 0 to 10 percent. Mean annual temperature is about 46 degrees F, and mean annual precipitation is about 33 inches.
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine, smectitic, mesic Typic Albaqualfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Zwingle silt loam with a slope of about 3 percent - pasture. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
A--0 to 6 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silt loam, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry; moderate fine granular structure; friable; moderately acid; abrupt smooth boundary. (2 to 8 inches thick)
E--6 to 13 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) silt loam, light gray (N 7/0) dry; weak medium platy structure; friable; strongly acid; abrupt smooth boundary. (6 to 8 inches thick)
Bt1--13 to 24 inches; reddish brown (2.5YR 4/4) silty clay; common fine distinct mottles of grayish brown (10YR 5/2); strong fine angular blocky structure; very firm; thick continuous brown (7.5YR 4/2) clay films; common light gray (10YR 7/1) silt coats on peds in the upper 1 to 2 inches; strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary.
Bt2--24 to 32 inches; mottled yellowish red (5YR 4/6) and grayish brown (10YR 5/2) silty clay; strong fine subangular and angular blocky structure; very firm; thick nearly continuous brown (7.5YR 4/2) clay films; moderately acid; gradual smooth boundary. (Combined thickness of the Bt horizon is 16 to 24 inches.)
Btg1--32 to 41 inches; mottled pinkish gray (7.5YR 6/2), gray (10YR 6/1), and reddish brown (5YR 5/3) silty clay; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; very firm; thin discontinuous brown (7.5YR 4/2) clay films; slightly acid; clear smooth boundary.
Btg2--41 to 46 inches; mottled light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) and pinkish gray (7.5YR 6/2) heavy silty clay loam; weak medium sugangular blocky structure; firm; few thin discontinuous brown (7.5YR 4/2) clay films; some sand grains evident in lower part; slightly acid; clear smooth boundary. (Combined thickness of the Btg horizons is 12 to 20 inches.)
2Cg--46 to 60 inches; stratified grayish brown (10YR 5/2) loam and bands of loamy sand; massive; friable; few thin gravel seams; slightly acid.
TYPE LOCATION: Allamakee County, Iowa; about 1.5 miles south of Lansing; 30 feet east of road; about 470 feet south and 1,200 feet east of the northwest corner of sec. 5, T. 98 N., R. 2 W.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Solum thickness ranges from 36 to 60 inches. Carbonates are leached to a depth of 48 inches or more and commonly to a depth of many feet. The upper 36 inches of the solum contains less than 15 percent sand.
The A or Ap horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 1 or 2, except some pedons have an A horizon less than 5 inches thick with value of 3. The A or Ap horizon is silt loam or, less commonly, silty clay loam.
The E horizon has hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 1 or 2.
The Bt horizon dominantly has hue of 10R to 7.5YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 2 to 6. Thin strata or mixing of materials with hue of 10YR to 5Y or with chroma of 1 are in some pedons. These colors are presumed to be inherited from the parent material. The Bt horizon is silty clay or clay and averages 50 to 60 percent clay. Thin horizons contain as much as 70 percent clay. The B/A clay ratio is greater than 2.0. Reaction ranges from strongly acid to slightly acid. The Btg horizon has hue of 10YR, 7.5YR or 5YR, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 1 to 3.
The 2Cg horizon dominantly has hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 2. Strata or mixing of materials with hue of 5Y to 5YR and chroma of 1 to 4 are within the range of the series. The 2Cg horizon typically is loam with strata of loamy sand. The size of the sand fraction commonly is medium but ranges from fine to coarse. Some pedons contain thin gravel seams. Pedons that are silty clay or clay to a depth of 60 inches or more are not excluded from the series.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the
Ames,
Beckwith,
Dayton,
Okaw,
Rushville, and
Wynoose soils of the same family and the
Clanton and
Marion soils. All of these soils except Clanton lack B horizons with the reddish and pinkish colors. The Clanton soils formed in acid red shales. Ames, Beckwith, Rushville, and Wynoose soils also contain less clay in the finest part of the sola.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Zwingle soils are on high stream terraces and foot slopes along major tributaries that drain into the Mississippi River. Most have slopes with 0 to 2 percent gradients, but the range is from 0 to 10 percent. Zwingle soils formed in old, dominantly reddish clayey lacustrine sediments 31/2 to 5 feet thick over stratified noncalcareous alluvial sediments that typically are loamy and sandy. Mean annual temperature ranges from about 45 to 52 degrees F, and mean annual precipitation ranges from about 32 to 35 inches.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the
Clinton,
Fayette,
Nordness,
Sogn, and
Volney soils, and soils of the first bottom lands. Zwingle soils are downslope from Clinton, Fayette, Nordness, or Sogn soils. Clinton and Fayette soils formed in loess and contain less clay in the Bt horizons. Nordness and Sogn soils are shallow to limestone bedrock. Near the mouth of side-valley drains, Zwingle soils are associated with Volney soils. Volney soils are loamy-skeletal.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Poorly drained. Permeability is very slow. Runoff is slow.
USE AND VEGETATION: Commonly used for pasture. Many areas are in open timber. Only a few areas are cultivated. Native vegetation was forest of oak and hickory. See Additional Data section for native vegetative cover in Iowa and Minnesota.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Eastern Iowa along major tributaries that drain to the Mississippi River and in Wisconsin, Illinois, and Minnesota. They are inextensive, totaling about 2,500 acres in Iowa.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: St. Paul, Minnesota
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Allamakee County, Iowa, 1949.
REMARKS: More data are needed before the classification can be firm. Even though the chroma in the upper part of the B horizon is 4, the soil is very wet. Mineralogy is uncertain-- the soil may have sufficient shrink-swell potential for a Vertic subgroup; and texture is marginal between very-fine and fine.
ADDITIONAL DATA: In Iowa and Minnesota, the native vegetative cover is a mixed herbaceous and woody community commonly inhabited with Green Ashes, American Elms, Common Hackberries, Eastern Cottonwoods, American Sycamores, Silky Dogwoods, Black Willows, Wild Black Currants, Riverbank Grapes, Grays Sedges, Hop Sedges, Virginia Wildryes, Stiff Bedstraws, White Avens, Wood Nettles, False Nettles, Canadian Clearweeds, and Common Bonesets. Source: Iowa State Office, Natural Resources Conservation Service, Des Moines, IA.
National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.