LOCATION BIPPUS TX+KS NM OK
Established Series
Rev. TCB-RM
08/2016
BIPPUS SERIES
The Bippus series consists of very deep, well drained, moderately permeable soils that formed in loamy alluvium of Holocene age. These nearly level and very gently sloping soils are on narrow ephemeral streams of draws. Slope ranges from 0 to 2 percent. Mean annual precipitation is 483 mm (19 in), and mean annual air temperature is 16 degrees C (61 degrees F).
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, thermic Cumulic Haplustolls
TYPICAL PEDON: Bippus clay loam, on flood plain of draw, slightly concave 1 percent slope in cropland at an elevation of about 987 meters (3,240 ft). (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise stated.)
Ap1--0 to 20 cm (0 to 8 in); brown (10YR 4/3) clay loam, dark brown (10YR 3/3) moist; moderate fine and medium granular and subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, very friable; moderately alkaline; gradual smooth boundary.
Ap2--20 to 36 cm (8 to 14 in); dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) sandy clay loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist; weak medium prismatic structure parting to weak medium subangular blocky; slightly hard, very friable; common fine roots; common fine tubular pores; moderately alkaline; gradual smooth boundary. (Combined thickness of the A horizons is 30 to 76 cm (12 to 30 in)
Bw1--36 to 66 cm (14 to 26 in); brown (10YR 4/3) sandy clay loam, dark brown (10YR 3/3) moist; weak medium prismatic structure parting to weak medium subangular blocky; slightly hard, very friable; few fine roots; common fine tubular pores; moderately alkaline; gradual smooth boundary.
Bw2--66 to 124 cm (26 to 49 in); brown (7.5YR 4/4) sandy clay loam, dark brown (7.5YR 3/4) moist; weak medium prismatic structure parting to weak medium subangular blocky; slightly hard, very friable; few fine roots; common fine tubular pores; moderately alkaline; gradual smooth boundary.
Bw3--124 to 165 cm (49 to 65 in); strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) sandy clay loam, dark brown (7.5YR 3/4) moist; weak medium subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, very friable; few fine tubular pores; few films, filaments, and nodules of calcium carbonate; slightly effervescent; moderately alkaline; clear smooth boundary. (Combined thickness of the Bw horizons is 120 to 150 cm (47 to 60 in)
Bk--165 to 203 cm (65 to 80 in); light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) fine sandy loam, dark brown (7.5YR 3/4) moist; weak medium subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, very friable; few fine roots; common fine tubular pores; calcium carbonate in the form of filaments, masses, and nodules, about 10 percent by volume; violently effervescent; moderately alkaline; clear smooth boundary.
TYPE LOCATION: Floyd County, Texas; from the intersection of U.S. Highway 70 and
Farm Road 784 in Floydada; 10 miles west on Farm Road 784; 4.4 miles north on County Road 55 to intersection; 200 feet north and 100 feet west in cropland; Latitude: 34 degrees, 03 minutes, 37.6 seconds N; Longitude: 101 degrees, 30 minutes, 32.2 seconds W; Plainview SE, Texas USGS quad; NAD 83.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Soil moisture: An ustic moisture regime bordering on aridic. The soil moisture control section is dry in some or all parts for more than 180 but less than 220 days, cumulative, in normal years. July through August and December through
February are the driest months. These soils are intermittently moist in September through November and March through June.
Mean annual soil temperature: 15 to 18 degrees C (59 to 64 degrees F).
Depth to secondary carbonates: 100 to 203 cm (40 to 80 in).
Solum thickness: more than 203 cm (80 in).
Particle size control section: 20 to 35 percent silicate clay.
Ap horizons:
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 4 or 5, 2 or 3 moist
Chroma: 2 or 3
Texture: loam, sandy clay loam, clay loam
Effervescence: none to slight
Reaction: neutral to moderately alkaline
Upper Bw horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 4 or 5, 2 or 3 moist
Chroma: 2 or 3
Texture: loam, sandy clay loam, clay loam
Effervescence: none to slight
Reaction: slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline
Lower Bw horizon:
Hue: 5YR to 10YR
Value: 5 or 6, 3 or 4 moist
Chroma: 2 to 4
Texture: loam, sandy clay loam, clay loam
Effervescence: none to slight
Reaction: slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline
Bk horizon:
Hue: 5YR to 10YR
Value: 5 to 7, 4 to 6 moist
Chroma: 3 to 6
Texture: fine sandy loam, sandy clay loam, loam, clay loam
Visible secondary calcium carbonates: 3 to 12 percent by volume in the form of films, filaments, masses, and nodules
Effervescence: slight to violent
Reaction: moderately alkaline
COMPETING SERIES: These are the
Bosque,
Gageby,
Gowen,
Kaski,
Stanford, and
Whitesboro series. Similar soils include
Berda,
Guadalupe,
Levelland,
Paloduro,
Sprone,
Spur, and
Texroy series.
Bosque,
Gageby,
Gowen,
Kaski,
Spur, and
Whitesboro soils: are moist for longer periods in the soil moisture control section.
Stanford soils: do not have visible secondary carbonate accumulations.
Guadalupe and
Levelland soils: have less than 18 percent silicate clay in the particle-size control section.
Berda soils: have secondary carbonates between 13 and 70 cm (5 to 28 in) and do not have a mollic epipedon.
Paloduro and
Sprone soils: have a mollic epipedon less than 51 cm (20 in) thick.
Texroy soils: have an argillic and calcic horizon.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Parent material: loamy alluvium of Holocene age.
Landform: nearly level and very gently sloping narrow ephemeral streams of draws.
Slopes: dominantly 0 to 1 percent but range to 2 percent.
Mean annual air temperature: 14 to 17 degrees C (57 to 63 degrees F).
Mean annual precipitation: 432 to 559 mm (17 to 22 in).
Frost-free period: 185 to 220 days
Elevation: 670 to 1,555 meters (2,200 to 5,100 feet).
Thornthwaite annual P-E Index Values: 25 to 36.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the similar
Berda,
Guadalupe,
Paloduro,
Sprone, and
Texroy soils and the
Mansker,
Manson,
Midessa,
Mobeetie,
Plemons,
Posey,
Potter,
Tascosa,
Tulia, and
Veal soils.
Berda,
Paloduro, and
Texroy soils: are on slightly higher landscape positions.
Guadalupe and
Sprone soils: are on similar landscape positions.
Mansker,
Manson,
Plemons,
Posey, and
Tulia soils: are on higher landscape positions and have argillic horizons.
Midessa soils: are on higher landscape positions and have a calcic horizon.
Mobeetie and
Veal soils: are on higher landscape positions and have less than 18 percent silicate clay in the particle-size control section.
Potter and
Tascosa soils: are on higher landscape positions and have a loamy-skeletal particle-size control section.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained and moderately permeable. Surface runoff is negligible on 0 to 1 percent slopes, and low on 1 to 2 percent slopes.
USE AND VEGETATION: Dominantly used for livestock grazing with some areas cultivated to cotton, grain sorghums, and wheat. Native vegetation is vine-mesquite, sideoats grama, blue grama, buffalograss, western wheatgrass,
bundleflower, engelmann daisy, prairie clovers, hackberry, elm, and wild plum.
Widely spaced mesquite and cacti are in some places. This soil has been
correlated to the Draw (R077EY052TX) ecological site in MLRA-77E.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Southern High Plains, Breaks (MLRA 77E in LRR H) of Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas, and eastern New Mexico. This soil is moderately extensive.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Temple, Texas
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Deaf Smith County, Texas; 1941.
REMARKS: Series revised MLRA-77 Soil Survey; Floyd County, Texas; 1998. These soils were formerly included in the Spur series.
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Mollic epipedon: 0 to 66 cm (0 to 26 in)(Ap & Bw1 horizons)
Cambic horizon: 36 to 165 cm (14 to 65 in) (Bw horizons)
Cumulic feature: a mollic epipedon more than 50 cm (20 in) thick and irregular decrease
in organic carbon with depth.
Visible secondary carbonates: 165 to 203 cm (65 to 80 in)(Bk horizon)
ADDITIONAL DATA: NSSL data from Hansford County, Texas (S03TX-195-003).
Taxonomic Version: Keys to Soil Taxonomy, Twelfth Edition, 20104.
National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.