LOCATION EUNOLA AL+FL GA SC VA
Established Series
Rev. RBM, PGM, SWA; GRB
10/2018
EUNOLA SERIES
The Eunola series consists of very deep, moderately well drained, moderately permeable loamy soils that formed in fluvial or marine sediments. They are on low stream or marine terraces of the Southern Coastal Plain (133A). The average annual temperature near the type location is about 64 degrees F. and the average annual precipitation is about 54 inches. Slopes are dominantly 0 to 3 percent but range up to 6 percent.
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, siliceous, semiactive, thermic Aquic Hapludults
TYPICAL PEDON: Eunola sandy loam, in an idle field (Colors are for moist soil).
Ap--0 to 5 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) sandy loam; weak fine granular structure; very friable; few fine roots; strongly acid; abrupt smooth boundary. (4 to 9 inches thick)
BE--5 to 10 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) sandy loam; weak fine subangular blocky structure; very friable; few fine roots; sand grains coated and bridged with clay; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary. (0 to 10 inches thick)
Bt1--10 to 26 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) sandy clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine roots; few faint clay films on faces of peds; strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary.
Bt2--26 to 52 inches; 25 percent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6), 25 percent light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4), 25 percent light gray (10YR 7/2) and 25 percent yellowish red (5YR 5/8) sandy clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine roots; few faint clay films on faces of peds; the areas in shades of yellowish brown, light yellowish brown, and yellowish red are masses of iron accumulation and the areas in shades of light gray are iron depletions; very strongly acid; clear smooth boundary. (Combined thickness of the Bt horizons is 20 to 48 inches.)
BC--52 to 56 inches; brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) sandy loam; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; very friable; sand grains coated and bridged with clay; common medium distinct very pale brown (10YR 8/4) masses of iron accumulation; very strongly acid; abrupt wavy boundary. (0 to 25 inches thick)
2C--56 to 65 inches; 25 percent white (10YR 8/1), 25 percent very pale brown (10YR 8/4), 25 percent brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) and 25 percent yellowish red (5YR 5/8) sand; single grained; loose; the areas in shades of brownish yellow, and yellowish red are masses of iron accumulation and the areas in shades of white are iron depletions; strongly acid.
TYPE LOCATION: Geneva County, Alabama. Approximately 1.0 mile north-northeast of bridge on Alabama Highway 87 crossing Pea River in the SW1/4, NE1/4, NW1/4, SW1/4 of Sec. 31, T.1 N., R. 21 E.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Solum thickness ranges from 40 to more than 60 inches. Silt content of the control section is less than 25 percent. Some pedons have up to 14 percent quartz gravels throughout the profile. Iron depletions with chroma 2 or less are within the upper 20 inches of the argillic horizon. Reaction is very strongly acid or strongly acid throughout except where the surface has been limed.
The A or Ap horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 3 to 5, and chroma of 1 to 4. Texture is loam, fine sandy loam, sandy loam, loamy fine sand, loamy sand, or fine sand.
The E horizon, where present, has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 3 to 7, and chroma of 3 or 4. Texture is fine sandy loam, sandy loam, loamy fine sand, loamy sand, or fine sand.
The BE horizon, present in most pedons, has hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 5 to 7, and chroma of 4 to 8. Texture is sandy loam or fine sandy loam.
The upper part of the Bt horizon has hue of 7.5YR to 2.5Y, value of 4 to 7, and chroma of 4 to 8. Redoximorphic features in shades of brown, yellow, red or gray range from none to common. Texture is fine sandy loam, sandy loam, clay loam or sandy clay loam.
The lower part of the Bt horizon has hue of 7.5YR to 2.5Y, value of 4 to 8, and chroma of 3 to 8. Redoximorphic features in shades of yellow, brown, red or gray range from few to many; or it is multicolored in these colors. Texture is sandy clay loam, sandy clay or clay loam.
The Btg horizon, where present, has hue of 10YR to 2.5Y, value of 4 to 8, and chroma of 1 or 2. Iron accumulations in shades of yellow, brown and red range from few to many. Texture is sandy clay loam, sandy clay or clay loam.
The BC horizon and the C or 2C horizons have the same range in hue, value, chroma, and redoximorphic features as the lower part of the Bt horizon. Texture of the BC horizon is sandy clay loam, fine sandy loam, sandy loam or coarse sandy loam. Texture of the C or 2C horizon is fine sand, coarse sand, sand, loamy coarse sand, loamy sand, sandy loam or fine sandy loam; or these textures are stratified with sandy clay loam. In some pedons, texture is stratified sandy loam, sandy clay loam and clay.
The BCg, Cg or 2Cg horizons, where present, have hue of 10YR to 5Y, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 1 or 2. Iron accumulations in shades of yellow, brown and red range from common to many. Textures are similar to the BC, C or 2C horizons.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the
Chicora,
Columbus,
Mazarn,
Mollicy,
Whitwell and
Yauhannah series in the same family and the
Chatom and
Slagle series in a closely related family. Chatom and Slagle soils are on higher adjacent positions and are in a subactive cation-exchange activity class. The moderately well drained Chicora soils are on higher non-flooding positions and have more than 25 percent silt in the control sections. Columbus and Whitwell soils are on similar positions and have more than 25 percent silt in the control section. The somewhat poorly drained Marzan soils are in MLRA 119 (
Ouachita Mountains) and are moderately deep to shale bedrock. The somewhat poorly drained Mollicy soils are on similar positions but have 2B horizons. Yauhannah soils are not subject to flooding and have a mixed clay fraction.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Eunola soils are on low stream or marine terraces of the Coastal Plain. They formed in loamy fluvial or marine sediments. The climate is humid subtropical. Slopes are generally between 0 and 3 percent but may range up to 6 percent. The average annual air temperature ranges from 63 to 68 degrees F., frost free days ranges from 220 to 250, and the average annual precipitation ranges from 48 to 60 inches. Elevation ranges from 120 to 450 feet above sea level.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These include the
Bladen,
Cahaba,
Craven,
Dunbar,
Eulonia,
Goldsboro,
Johns,
Kalmia,
Kenansville,
Maxton and
Plummer series. The poorly drained Bladen and Plummer soils are on slightly lower positions. In addition, Bladen soils have clayey control sections and Plummer soils have sandy surface and subsurface horizons 40 to 80 inches thick. The well drained Cahaba, Kalmia, Kenansville and Maxton soils are on higher positions. In addition, Kalmia soils have contrasting textures within 40 inches of the surface, Kenansville soils have sandy surface and subsurface layers 20 to 40 inches thick and Maxton soils do not flood. Craven and the somewhat poorly drained Dunbar soils are on higher, non-flooding positions and have clayey control sections. Eulonia soils are on similar positions but have red, clayey subsoils. Goldsboro soils are on higher adjacent non-flooding positions and have a solum thickness greater than 60 inches. The somewhat poorly to moderately well drained Johns soils are on similar to slightly higher positions, have a thinner solum and contrasting textures between the Bt and C horizons at a depth of less than 40 inches.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Moderately well drained; moderate permeability in the B horizons and rapid in the lower part of the profile.
USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas have been cleared and cultivated. Corn, pasture, soybeans and hay are the principal crops. Common trees in wooded areas include loblolly pine, slash pine, longleaf pine, shortleaf pine, sweetgum, yellow poplar, water oak, willow oak and hickory.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: The Coastal Plains of Alabama, Florida, Georgia, South Carolina and Virginia. The series is of moderate extent.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Auburn, Alabama.
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Geneva County, Alabama; l974.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon:
Ochric epipedon - the zone from the surface of the soil to a depth of 10 inches (Ap and BE horizons).
Argillic horizon - the zone from about 10 to 56 inches (Bt1, Bt2 and BC horizons).
Aquic subgroup - within the upper 24 inches of the argillic horizon, have redox depletions with a color value, moist, of 4 or more and chroma of 2 or less, accompanied by redox concentrations and by aquic conditions for some time in normal years (Bt2 horizon).
An apparent seasonal high water table is within 18 to 30 inches of the surface for as much as 4 to 6 months annually (generally, November through March).
Eunola soils are in MLRA 133A.
National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.