LOCATION PEPIN WI
Established Series
REV. TAM-HFG
09/2014
PEPIN SERIES
The Pepin series consists of well drained soils which are deep or very deep to a lithic contact with dolostone bedrock on hills in bedrock controlled uplands. These soils formed in loess, in clayey pedisediment, and in loamy residuum from the underlying dolostone bedrock. Permeability is moderate in the loess, slow in the pedisediment, moderate in the residuum, and slow to moderate in the dolostone. Slopes range from 2 to 30 percent. Mean annual precipitation is about 30 inches. Mean annual air temperature is about 48 degrees F.
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Typic Hapludalfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Pepin silt loam - on a convex, southeast facing 11 percent slope in cropland at an elevation of about 1120 feet. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
Ap--0 to 9 inches; dark brown (10YR 3/3) silt loam, pale brown (10YR 6/3) dry; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; friable; many fine and medium roots; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary. (6 to 9 inches thick)
Bt1--9 to 14 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) silt loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; many fine and medium roots; few faint brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on faces of peds and in pores; common distinct pale brown (10YR 6/3) silt coats on vertical faces of some peds; slightly acid; clear smooth boundary.
Bt2--14 to 30 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) silt loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine and medium roots; common faint brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on faces of peds and in pores; few distinct pale brown (10YR 6/3) silt coats on vertical faces of some peds; slightly acid; clear smooth boundary.
Bt3--30 to 41 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) silt loam; moderate coarse subangular blocky structure; friable; few very fine roots; common faint brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on faces of peds and in pores; few distinct pale brown (10YR 6/3) silt coats on vertical faces of some peds; slightly acid; gradual smooth boundary.
Bt4--41 to 48 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silt loam; weak medium and coarse subangular blocky structure; friable; few very fine roots; few faint dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) clay films on faces of peds; moderately acid; gradual wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the Bt horizon ranges from 34 to 55 inches.)
2Bt5--48 to 58 inches; dark reddish brown (5YR 3/4) clay; strong coarse subangular blocky structure; firm; many faint dark reddish brown (5YR 3/3) clay films on faces of peds and in pores; about 5 percent chert channers; about 3 percent dolostone and chert flagstones; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. (4 to 15 inches thick)
3Bt6--58 to 66 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) very flaggy loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common faint brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on faces of peds and in pores; thin (<1/4") residual layer of very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) clay surrounding dolostone fragments; thin (<1") layer of very dark grayish brown(10YR 3/2) clay near the bedrock contact; about 30 percent dolostone channers; about 10 percent dolostone flagstones; neutral; abrupt irregular boundary.
3R--66 inches; brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) dolostone bedrock with fractures more than 4 inches apart.
TYPE LOCATION: Pepin County, Wisconsin; about 2.5 miles west and 2 miles south of Ella; 750 feet north and 400 feet west of the southeast corner of sec. 32, T. 24 N., R. 14 W. USGS Ella, WI quad.; lat. 44 degrees, 30', 46" N.; long. 92 degrees, 05', 46" W.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Depth to the base of the argillic horizon and to dolostone bedrock ranges from 45 to 80 inches. Thickness of loess and depth to clayey pedisediment ranges from 40 to 60 inches. Clay content of the particle-size control section averages from 18 to 27 percent. Total sand content is less than 12 percent in the loess and content of fine sand or coarser is 5 percent or less. Mean annual soil temperature ranges from 48 to 53 degrees F. Rock fragments are absent in the loess. Dolostone and chert fragments are in the pedisediment and in the residuum. Total volume of rock fragments ranges from 6 to 60 percent in individual subhorizons. Volume of channers or gravel ranges from 5 to 40 percent and volume of flagstones or cobbles ranges from 1 to 20 percent.
The Ap horizon has value of 3 or 4 and chroma of 2 or 3. Where the value moist is 3, the value dry is 6 or more. Uncultivated pedons have an A horizon with hue of 10YR, value of 2 or 3 and chroma of 1 or 2. Reaction naturally ranges from strongly acid to slightly acid but ranges to neutral, where the soil is limed.
Some pedons have an E horizon with hue of 10YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 2 or 3. Reaction naturally ranges from strongly acid to slightly acid but ranges to neutral, where the soil is limed.
The Bt horizon has hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 4 or 5 and chroma of 4 to 6. It is silt loam or silty clay loam. Reaction naturally ranges from strongly acid to slightly acid but ranges to neutral in the upper part, where the soil is limed.
The 2Bt horizon has hue of 2.5YR, 5YR or 7.5YR, value of 3 to 5, and chroma of 4 to 6. It is clay, clay loam, silty clay, silty clay loam, or the channery, very channery, flaggy, very flaggy, gravelly, very gravelly, cobbly, or very cobbly analogs. Clay content is 35 percent or more. Reaction ranges from very strongly acid to slightly acid.
The 3Bt horizon has hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 3 or 4, and chroma of 1 to 4. It is sandy loam, clay loam, loam, or the channery, very channery, flaggy, very flaggy, gravelly, very gravelly, cobbly, or very cobbly analogs. Reaction ranges from moderately acid to slightly alkaline.
The R horizon is dolostone. It is a lithic contact with fractures more than 4 inches apart.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the
Baraboo,
Bertrand,
Blackhammer,
Cadiz,
Camden,
Dodge,
Dubuque,
Fayette,
Flagg,
Hackers,
Jackson,
Jemerson,
Knowles,
La Farge,
Lomira,
Marseilles,
Martinsburg,
Menfro,
Mentor,
Minnith,
Palermo,
Palsgrove,
Piscasaw(T),
Ridgway,
Ruma(T),
Rush,
Russell,
Sandview,
Seaton,
St. Charles,
Stookey,
Sylvan,
Uniontown,
Weingarten,
Westbend,
Westmore,
Yellowriver, and
Zurich. A similar soil is the
Village series. Marseilles,
Mayville, Minnith, and Uniontown soils will be reclassified as Oxyaquic Hapludalfs. Baraboo, Dubuque, and Knowles soils have a lithic contact at 20 to 40 inches. Bertrand and Jackson soils have sandy texture at 40 to 60 inches. Blackhammer, Camden, Fayette, Flagg, Hackers, Mentor, Piscasaw, Ruma, Rush, Russell, Seaton, Westmore, and Yellowriver soils do not have texture with 35 percent or more clay in the lower part of the series control section. Cadiz, Dodge, Lomira,
Pottersville,
Stubenville, and Zurich soils have free carbonates in the series control section.
Inton soils have redox features and saturation within the series control section. Jemerson, Ridgway, Sandview, and Weingarten soils have mean annual soil temperature of 54 degrees F. or more. La Farge and Westbend soils have a paralithic contact within the series control section. Martinsburg, Menfro, and Palsgrove soils average 27 to 35 percent clay in the particle-size control section. Village soils are fine-silty over clayey.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Pepin soils are on hills in bedrock controlled uplands. Slope gradients range from 2 to 30 percent. These soils formed in loess, in clayey pedisediment, and, in some pedons, in loamy residuum from the underlying dolostone bedrock. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 28 to 33 inches. Mean annual air temperature ranges from 46 to 51 degrees F. The frost free period ranges from about 135 to 160 days. Elevation ranges from 1000 to 1300 feet.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the
Newglarus and
Seaton series. Newglarus soils are in landscape positions similar to those of Pepin soils where the depth to dolostone is 20 to 40 inches. Seaton soils are in similar landscape positions where the loess mantle is more than 80 inches thick.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained. Runoff is moderate to rapid. Permeability is moderate in the loess, slow in the pedisediment, moderate in the residuum, and slow to moderate in the dolostone.
USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas of Pepin soils are used for cropland. Common crops are corn, soybeans, small grain, and hay. Some areas are used for pastureland or woodland. Native vegetation is mixed deciduous forest. Common trees are northern red oak, sugar maple, basswood, American elm, white ash, and green ash.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: West-central Wisconsin (MLRA M105). Pepin soils are of small extent.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: ST. PAUL, MINNESOTA
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Pepin County, Wisconsin, 1998. Source of the name is Pepin County, Wisconsin.
REMARKS: Prior to 1994, this soil was mapped as the Dubuque (deep phase), Palsgrove, or Seaton series. The clayey pedisediment is of uncertain origin. Currently it is thought to be a depositional feature and is locally referred to as the "Rountree Formation". In the past it was thought to be clayey residuum from dolostone.
Diagnostic horizons and other features recognized in this pedon: ochric epipedon - 0 to 9 inches (Ap); argillic horizon - 9 to 66 inches (Bt1, Bt2, Bt3, Bt4, 2Bt5, 3Bt6).
ADDITIONAL DATA: Soil Interpretation Record - WI0581. Refer to soil survey sample numbers S93WI-091-019 and S93WI-091-021 for NSSL data on some Pepin pedons.
National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.