LOCATION TENAHA TX+OKEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Loamy, siliceous, semiactive, thermic Arenic Hapludults
TYPICAL PEDON: Tenaha loamy fine sand on a 3 percent slope in woodland; elevation is 151 m (498 ft) (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
A--0 to 13 cm (0 to 5 in); very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) loamy fine sand; weak medium granular structure; soft, loose; many fine roots; moderately acid; clear smooth boundary. (Thickness is 5 to 15 cm [2 to 6 in].)
E1--13 to 46 cm (5 to 18 in); light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) loamy fine sand; single grained; soft, loose; many fine roots; few ironstone pebbles; common coarse faint pale brown (10YR 6/3) iron depletions and brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) masses of oxidized iron; moderately acid; gradual smooth boundary.
E2--46 to 86 cm (18 to 34 in); light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) loamy fine sand; single grained; soft, loose; common fine roots; few ironstone pebbles; moderately acid; gradual smooth boundary. (Combined thickness of E horizons is 46 to 86 cm [18 to 34 in].)
Bt1--86 to 94 cm (34 to 37 in); yellowish red (5YR 5/8) fine sandy loam; weak medium blocky structure; slightly hard, very friable; few fine roots; clay bridging of sand grains; few siliceous pebbles; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.
Bt2--94 to 119 cm (37 to 47 in); mixed red (2.5YR 4/8), yellowish red (5YR 5/8), and strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) sandy clay loam; few pockets of light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) partially weathered shale; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; very hard, friable; few fine roots; patchy clay films on vertical faces of the peds; few flakes of mica; very strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary. (Combined thickness of Bt horizons is 25 to 66 cm [10 to 26 in].)
C--119 to 203 cm (47 to 80 in); red (2.5YR 4/8) soft weathered sandstone, fine sandy loam, with a few 1/8 to 1/4 inch thick strata of gray shale, clay loam; massive; very hard, friable; few fine roots; few discontinuous strata of ironstone 0.25 to 8 cm (1 to 3 in) thick; few flakes of mica; very strongly acid
TYPE LOCATION: San Augustine County, Texas; from the intersection of Texas Highway 147 and Farm Road 353 in San Augustine; approximately 5.2 miles northeast on Farm Road 353 to intersection with County Road #131; approximately 0.6 mile south on County Road #131; approximately 1.4 miles east and northeast on timber company access road; 0.3 mile north on logging road; 300 feet west in timber. (Latitude: 31 degrees, 33 minutes, 46.96 seconds N; Longitude: 94 degrees, 0 minutes, 19.12 seconds W. San Augustine East topographic quadrangle; NAD 1927). (Coordinates estimated from location directions and topographic software)
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Soil Moisture: An udic soil moisture regime. The soil moisture control section is not dry in any part for more than 90 days in normal years.
Mean annual soil temperature: 19 to 21 degrees C (66 to 70 degrees F)
Depth to densic contact: 102 to 152 cm (40 to 60 in)
Depth to albic horizon: 5 to 15 cm (2 to 6 in)
Depth to argillic horizon: 51 to 102 cm (20 to 40 in)
Thickness of the sandy epipedon, 51 to 102 cm (20 to 40 in)
Thickness of solum: 100 to 150 cm (40 to 60 in)
Particle-size control section (weighted average)
Clay content: 23 to 35 percent
Rock fragments: 0 to 14 percent
CEC/clay ratio: 0.24 to 0.40
A or Ap Horizon
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 3 to 5
Chroma: 2 to 4
Texture: fine sand or loamy fine sand
Clay content: 3 to 15 percent
Rock fragments: 0 to 14 percent ironstone or quartzite gravel
Reaction: very strongly to moderately acid (4.5 to 6.0)
E Horizon
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 4 to 7
Chroma: 2 to 4
Texture: fine sand or loamy fine sand
Clay content: 3 to 15 percent
Rock fragments: 0 to 14 percent ironstone or quartzite gravel
Reaction: very strongly to moderately acid (4.5 to 6.0)
EB Horizon where present
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 4 to 7
Chroma: 6 or 8
Texture: fine sand or loamy fine sand
Clay content: 3 to 15 percent
Rock fragments: 0 to 14 percent ironstone or quartzite gravel
Reaction: very strongly to moderately acid (4.5 to 6.0)
Bt Horizon
Hue: 5YR to 10YR
Value: 4 to 6
Chroma: 4 to 8
Texture: sandy clay loam, fine sandy loam or less commonly clay loam
Clay content: 18 to 35 percent
Clay films: location on faces of peds or bridging sand grains, contrast faint to prominent
Lithochromic mottles: amount-none to common, size-fine to coarse, contrast-faint to prominent, boundary-clear or sharp, location-in matrix, shades-red, yellow, gray or brown
Rock fragments: 0 to 14 percent ironstone, sandstone or quartzite gravel
Pararock fragments: 0 to 5 percent remnants of weathered shale
Other: some pedons have mica flakes in the lower part
Reaction: extremely to strongly acid (3.6 to 5.5)
BCt or BC Horizon where present
Hue: 2.5YR to 10YR
Value: 4 to 7
Chroma: 4 to 8
Texture: fine sandy loam, sandy loam or sandy clay loam
Clay content: 15 to 35 percent
Clay films: location along vertical fractures, contrast distinct to prominent
Lithochromic mottles: amount-none to many, size-fine to coarse, contrast-faint to prominent, boundary-clear or sharp, location-in matrix, shades-red, yellow or brown
Rock fragments: 0 to 14 percent ironstone or quartzite gravel
Pararock fragments: 0 to 15 percent strata and pockets of weathered shale and sandstone
Other: mica flakes range from none to common.
Reaction: extremely to strongly acid (3.6 to 5.5)
C or Cd Horizon
Colors: loamy materials and sandstone are reddish, yellowish or brownish and the shale materials are grayish
Texture: stratified sandstone materials have fine sandy loam, sandy loam or sandy clay loam texture while the shale materials have clay loam or clay texture
Clay content: 15 to 40 percent
Clay films: location along vertical fractures
Other: many pedons have discontinuous, fractured, strongly cemented or indurated sandstone or ironstone layers about 3 to 10 cm (1 to 4 in) thick. The amount of shale soil material is variable and is absent in some pedons.
Reaction: extremely to strongly acid (3.6 to 5.5)
COMPETING SERIES: These are the
Baymeade,
Blaney,
Chisolm,
Gomery, and
Valhalla series. Similar soils are the
Ailey,
Briley,
Chipola,
Coosaw,
Garcon,
Kenansville,
Larue,
Lilbert,
Remlik,
Tomahawk, and
Uchee series.
Baymeade soils: contain more than 5 percent Bh masses in the profile.
Blaney soils: are brittle in more than 10 percent of the mass of the Bt horizon.
Chisolm soils: has a seasonal high water table and lacks a consolidated substratum.
Gomery soils: have chroma 1 or 2 matrix color throughout the Bt horizon and is somewhat poorly drained.
Valhalla soils: are bisequal and have a spodic horizon in the lower solum.
Ailey, Chipola and Uchee soils: have kaolinitic mineralogy and kandic horizons.
Coosaw, Garcon and Tomahawk soils: are in aquic subgroups.
Kenansville and Remlik soils: are in a subactive cation exchange activity class.
Briley, Larue and Lilbert soils: have sola over 150 cm (60 in) deep and do not have a 20 percent clay decrease within 150 cm (60 in).
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Parent material: residuum derived from Claiborne geological group coastal plain sediments
Landscape: uplands
Landform: ridges and hill slopes
Slope: 1 to 35 percent
Mean annual air temperature range: 18 to 20 degrees C (64 to 68 degrees F)
Mean annual precipitation range: 1016 to 1270 mm (40 to 50 in)
Frost-free period: 240 to 265 days
Elevation: 91 to 183 m (300 to 600 ft)
Thornthwaite annual P-E indices: 64 to 84
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the
Briley(TX),
Darco(TX),
Lilbert(TX),
Bowie(TX),
Cuthbert(TX) and
Kirvin(TX) series.
Briley, Darco and Lilbert soils: have deeper sola and are commonly on slightly higher positions.
Bowie soils: lack the sandy epipedon and are commonly on lower more concave slopes.
Kirvin and Cuthbert soils: have a loamy epipedon and a clayey subsoil and are on similar positions.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained. Permeability is moderate. Runoff is negligible on 1 to 5 percent slopes, low on 5 to 20 percent slopes and medium on slopes greater than 20 percent.
USE AND VEGETATION: Used for woodland or pasture. Native vegetation consists of loblolly pine, shortleaf pine, longleaf pine, red oak, sweetgum, white ash and beech. Pastures include improved bermudagrass and weeping lovegrass.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Eastern part of Texas and Oklahoma; Land Resource Region (P); MLRA 133B; the series is of moderate extent.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Temple, Texas
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Anderson County, Texas, 1970, Anderson County soil survey area, Texas, 1970. The name is from a nearby community.
REMARKS:
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Particle size control section: 34 to 47 in. (Bt1 and Bt2 horizon)
Ochric epipedon: 0 to 86 cm (0 to 34 in). (A and E horizons)
Argillic horizon: 86 to 119 cm (34 to 47 in). (Bt horizons)
The assignment of the cation-exchange activity class is inferred from lab data from S86TX-423-005 from Smith County, Texas.
ADDITIONAL DATA: Particle-size analysis were performed at the project office on five pedons. Base saturation analysis were performed at the project office on eighteen pedons.
TAXONOMIC VERSION: Keys to Soil Taxonomy, 10th Edition, 2006