LOCATION BERNALDO                TX+LA

Established Series
RD-GLL-SJR
09/2019

BERNALDO SERIES

The Bernaldo series consists of very deep, well drained, moderately permeable soils that formed in loamy alluvial deposits. These nearly level to moderately sloping soils are on stream terraces. Slope is 0 to 8 percent but is are dominantly less than 5 percent. Mean annual air temperature is about 18 degrees C (65 degrees F), and mean annual precipitation is about 1168 mm (46 in).

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, siliceous, semiactive, thermic Glossic Paleudalfs

TYPICAL PEDON: Bernaldo fine sandy loam, 1 percent slope--in pasture. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)

Ap--0 to 15 cm (0 to 6 in); brown (10YR 4/3) fine sandy loam; weak fine granular structure; soft, very friable; common fine roots; slightly acid; clear smooth boundary. (Thickness of the A horizon is 5 to 20 cm [2 to 8 in] )

E--15 to 36 cm (6 to 14 in); pale brown (10YR 6/3) fine sandy loam; single grain; soft, very friable; common fine roots; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary. (Thickness of the E horizon is 0 to 46 cm [0 to 18 in])

Bt--36 to 119 cm (14 to 47 in); strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) sandy clay loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; hard, friable; few fine roots; common fine and very fine pores; few thin clay films on surface of peds; sand grains coated and bridged; few concretions and soft masses of iron-manganese; moderately acid; gradual wavy boundary. (Thickness of the Bt horizon is 25 to 102 cm [10 to 40 in])

Bt/E--119 to 203 cm (47 to 80 in); yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) loam; weak coarse prismatic structure parting to weak fine subangular blocky; hard, friable; few fine roots; few fine and very fine pores; few clay films on faces of peds; about 10 percent albic materials (E) light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) mainly along surface of prisms; about 10 percent of the Bt is brittle; common medium distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; moderately acid.

TYPE LOCATION: Nacogdoches County, Texas; about 10 miles southwest of Nacogdoches on Stephen F. Austin Experimental Forest; about 1 mile northeast of headquarters on Forest Road 401 and about 50 feet on the outside of a 90 degree curve in the road. Lake Nacogdoches South USGS topographic quadrangle: Latitude, 31 degrees, 30 minutes, 36 seconds N; Longitude, 94 degrees, 46 minutes, 30 seconds W, NAD 83. UTM Easting: 331443.9 m, UTM Northing: 3487489.8 m, UTM Zone 15.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Soil Moisture: An udic soil moisture regime. The soil moisture control section is not dry in any part for more than 90 days in normal years.
Mean annual soil temperature: 17 to 20 degrees C (63 to 68 degrees F)
Depth to argillic horizon: 10 to 74 cm (4 to 29 in)
Thickness of solum: more than 203 cm (more than 80 in)
Depth to redox concentrations: 25 cm to 173 cm (10 to 68 in)
Depth to episaturation: 122 to 183 cm (48 to 72 in)
Depth to albic materials (E): 79 to 203 cm (23 to 80 in)
Particle-size control section (weighted average)
Clay content: 18 to 30 percent
Silt plus very fine sandy content: 25 to 40 percent
CEC/clay ratio: 0.40 to 0.60

A horizon
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 3 to 6
Chroma: 2 to 4
Other features: horizons with value of 3 and chroma of 2 or 3 are less than 18 cm (7 in) thick
Texture: loamy very fine sand, very fine sandy loam, fine sandy loam, or loam
Rock fragments: amount-0 to 5 percent; kind-ironstone or quartzite; size-gravel
Reaction: strongly acid to slightly acid (5.1 to 6.5)
E horizon
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 5 to 7
Chroma: 2 to 4
Texture: very fine sandy loam, fine sandy loam, or loam
Rock fragments: amount-0 to 5 percent; kind-ironstone or quartzite; size-gravel
Reaction: strongly acid to slightly acid (5.1 to 6.5)

E/B or BE horizon (where present)
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 5 to 7
Chroma: 6 or 8
Texture: very fine sandy loam, fine sandy loam, or loam
Rock fragments: amount-0 to 5 percent; kind-ironstone or quartzite; size-gravel
Reaction: strongly acid to slightly acid (5.1 to 6.5)

Bt horizon
Hue: 5YR to 10YR
Value: 4 to 7
Chroma: 3 to 8
Texture: loam, sandy clay loam or clay loam
Redox concentrations: amount-none to many, size-medium, contrast-distinct to prominent, boundary-clear, shades-red and brown
Redox depletions: amount-none to many, size-medium, contrast-distinct to prominent, boundary-clear, shades-gray, depletions with chroma 2 or less are below a depth of 76 cm (30 in)
Rock fragments: amount-0 to 5 percent; kind-ironstone or quartzite; size-gravel
Reaction: very strongly acid to slightly acid (4.5 to 6.5)
Bt/E horizon
Bt part
Hue: 5YR to 10YR
Value: 4 to 7
Chroma: 3 to 8

E part
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 6 or 7
Chroma: 1 to 4

Texture: fine sandy loam, loam or sandy clay loam
Redox concentrations: amount-few to many, size-medium, contrast-distinct to prominent, boundary-clear, shades-brown and red.
Redox depletions: amount-none to many, size-medium, contrast-distinct to prominent, boundary-clear, shades-gray
Rock fragments: amount-0 to 5 percent; kind-ironstone or quartzite; size-gravel
Albic materials (E): 5 to 15 percent in vertical streaks, pockets or coatings on the surface of peds
Plinthite: none to 4 percent
Brittleness: 5 to 15 percent of peds
Reaction: very strongly acid to slightly acid (4.5 to 6.5)

BtC/E horizon (where present)
BtC part
Hue: 5YR to 10YR
Value: 4 to 7
Chroma: 3 to 8

E part
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 6 or 7
Chroma: 1 to 4
Texture: fine sandy loam, loam or sandy clay loam.
Redox concentrations: amount-few to many, size-medium, contrast-distinct to prominent, boundary-clear, shades-brown and red.
Redox depletions: amount-few to many, size-medium, contrast-distinct to prominent, boundary-clear, shades-gray
Brittleness: 5 to 15 percent of peds
Albic materials(E): 5 to more than 15 percent in vertical streaks, pockets or coatings on the surface of peds
Plinthite: none to 4 percent
Reaction: very strongly acid to slightly acid (4.5 to 6.5)

B't or BtC horizon (where present)
Color: shades of brown, red, yellow and gray
Texture: fine sandy loam, loam or sandy clay loam
Albic materials (E): 0 to 4 percent by volume
Reaction: very strongly acid to slightly acid (4.5 to 6.5)

COMPETING SERIES: These are the Bernow (OK), Gallime (TX) and Latex (TX) soils in the same family. Attoyac (TX), Besner (TX), Bowie (TX), Freestone (TX), and Sawtown (TX) series in similar families.
Attoyac soils: have colors with hue redder than 5YR in the upper part of the Bt horizon.
Bernow soils: do not have an apparent water table within depths of 122 to 183 cm (4 to 6 ft).
Besner soils: have coarse-loamy particle-size control sections.
Bowie soils: have base saturation less than 35 percent and have plinthite.
Freestone soils: become clayey with depth and have redox depletions within 75 cm (30 in) of the surface.
Gallime soils: have an ochric epipedon 50 to 100 cm (20 to 40 in) thick.
Latex soils: are clayey in the lower part of the Bt horizon.
Sawtown soils: have a clayey 2Bt horizon.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Parent material: Pleistocene terraces derived from loamy alluvium
Landscape: Coastal Plain
Landform: Tread on stream terraces
Slope: 0 to 8 percent, commonly 0 to 5 percent
Mean annual air temperature range: 17 to 20 degrees C (63 to 68 degrees F)
Mean annual precipitation range: 1010 to 1295 mm (40 to 51 in)
Frost-free period: 240 to 260 days
Elevation: 61 to 168 m (200 to 550 ft)
Thornthwaite annual P-E indices: more than 64 to 84

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the closely related Attoyac, Besner, and Freestone series, and the Mollville, Gallime, and Woden, series.
Attoyac, soils: are on higher landscape positions and have deeper water tables.
Besner soils: are on closely associated mounds and convex areas.
Freestone soils: are on higher landscape positions.
Gallime soils: have a thicker surface and are on a slightly higher position.
Mollville soils: are in depressions, have intrusions of albic material in the upper B horizon, and have gray colors near the surface.
Woden soils: are on similar terraces and have a coarse-loamy particle-size control section.

DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained. Permeability is moderate. Runoff on 0 to 1 percent slopes is negligible, 1 to 5 percent is low, and 5 to 8 percent is medium. A perched water table is below a depth of 122 to 183 cm (4 to 6 ft) during the winter and spring seasons in normal years.

USE AND VEGETATION: Principal use is woodland with dominant species of pine such as loblolly and shortleaf and many oak species and other southern hardwoods. Some areas are in pasture. Pastures are mainly in improved or common bermudagrass, bahiagrass, overseeded with legumes of crimson and arrowleaf clovers, vetch or singletary peas. Small areas are farmed to corn, small grains for grazing, sorghum for grazing and hay, and truck crops.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Western Coastal Plains of Texas, Arkansas and Louisiana (LRR P;
MLRA 133B, MLRA 87A and MLRA 86B). The series is of moderate extent.

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Temple, Texas

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Anderson County, Texas; 1970.

REMARKS: This series was updated in 2013 to put into semi-tabular format. Data from Nacogdoches County, Texas: KSSL Lab Nos. S09TX347001, S09TX347002. Data from Harrison County, Texas: KSSL Lab Nos. S84TX203004.

Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon: 0 to 36 cm (0 to 14 in) (A and E horizons)
Albic horizon: 15 to 36 cm (6 to 14 in) (E horizon)
Argillic horizon: 36 to 203 cm (14 to 80 in) (Bt, Bt/E horizons)
Glossic horizon: 5 to 15 percent albic materials (E) in the form of streaks, pockets and coatings on the surface of peds (119 to 203 cm [47 to 80 in]) (Bt/E horizon)

TAXONOMIC VERSION: Keys to Soil Taxonomy, Twelfth Edition, 2014

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National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.