LOCATION CLAYHAM SCEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine, kaolinitic, thermic Ultic Hapludalfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Clayham loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes--cultivated field. (Colors are for moist soil.)
Ap--0 to 4 inches; reddish brown (5YR 5/4) loam;
moderate medium granular structure; very friable; common
fine and medium roots; few fine flakes of mica; very
strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. (3 to 8 inches thick)
Bt1--4 to 29 inches; red (2.5YR 4/6) clay; moderate
medium subangular blocky structure; firm; few fine and
medium roots; many prominent clay films on faces of peds;
few fine flakes of mica; very strongly acid; gradual wavy
boundary.
Bt2--29 to 46 inches; red (2.5YR 4/6) clay loam; many
medium distinct brownish yellow (10YR 6/8) mottles; weak
medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common
prominent clay films on faces of peds; common fine flakes of
mica; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. (Combined
thickness of the Bt horizon is 32 to 51 inches)
BC--46 to 59 inches; yellow (10YR 7/6) sandy clay
loam; many medium prominent red (2.5YR 4/6) mottles;
weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common
fine flakes of mica; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
C--59 to 65 inches; yellow (10YR 7/8) loam; common
medium prominent red (2.5YR 5/6) mottles; massive; friable;
many fine flakes of mica; strongly acid.
TYPE LOCATION: Marlboro County, South Carolina; 2.8
miles west on S.C. 34 from the junction of S.C. 34 and S.C.
38 in Brownsville; 1.9 miles south on Rogers Lake Lane; 0.2
mile east of road.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Solum thickness is 40 to more
than 60 inches. Silt content averages more than 30 percent
in the control section. There are few to many flakes of
mica throughout. Mottles that occur in the B and C horizons
are not redoximorphic features. Reaction is very strongly
acid to moderately acid throughout, except where limed.
The A or Ap horizon has hue of 5YR to 10YR, value of 4 to 6,
and chroma of 2 to 8. It is sandy loam, fine sandy loam, or
loam. Eroded areas have an Ap horizon that is sandy clay
loam or clay loam.
The Bt horizon has hue of 2.5YR to 10YR, value of 4 or 5,
and chroma of 4 to 8. Mottles in shades of red, brown, or
yellow are in the lower part of the Bt horizon in most
pedons. Texture is clay loam, silty clay loam, silty clay,
or clay.
The BC horizon has hue of 2.5YR to 10YR, value of 4 to 7,
and chroma of 4 to 8. Mottles in shades of red, brown, or
yellow range from few to many. It sandy loam, sandy clay
loam, loam, clay loam, or silty clay loam.
The C horizon, where present, has hue of 7.5YR or 10YR,
value of 5 to 7, and chroma of 3 to 8, with few to many
mottles in shades of red, brown, or yellow, or it is mottled
in these colors. It is sandy loam, fine sandy loam, or
loam.
COMPETING SERIES: The
Redsprings series is the only other
known series in the same family. Other soils in similar
families include the
Brantley,
Canton Bend,
Capshaw,
Cowton,
Enon,
Gundy,
Hampshire,
Maben,
Magnet,
Mecklenburg,
Meth,
Skyuka,
Spray,
Zion, and
Zuber series. All of these soils
except Redsprings have mixed mineralogy. Redsprings soils
formed from weathered glauconitic material, and have iron
and glauconitic gravel, mainly in the A horizon.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Clayham soils are on nearly level to
gently sloping areas on stream terraces of the Southern
Coastal Plain. These soils formed on broad flood plains in
a low energy environment where the silt and clay were able
to settle out of the slow moving flood waters. Mean annual temperature is about 64 degrees F., and mean annual
precipitation is about 48 inches near the type location.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the
Hornsville,
Masada,
Molena,
Riverview,
Smithboro,
State, and Wickham
soils. All of these soils except Riverview have a base
saturation less than 35 percent. Riverview soils are
Inceptisols.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained; medium runoff;
moderately slow permeability.
USE AND VEGETATION: About 70 percent of this soil is used
for crops and pasture, and the rest is mainly in forest.
Common trees are loblolly pine, sweetgum, red maple,
hickory, and oaks.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Coastal Plain of South Carolina,
and possibly Georgia, North Carolina, and Virginia. The
series is of small extent.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Raleigh, North Carolina
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Marlboro County, South Carolina, 1993.
REMARKS: This soil was formerly mapped with the Flint
series, and more recently with the Wickham series.
Diagnostic features and soil properties recognized in this
pedon are:
Ochric epipedon - The zone from the soil surface to a depth
of 4 inches. (Ap horizon)
Argillic horizon - the zone between 4 and 46 inches. (Bt1
and Bt2 horizons)
MLRA = 133A, 153A
SIR = SC0151
TABULAR SERIES DATA:
SOI-5 Soil Name Slope Airtemp FrFr/Seas Precip Elevation SC0151 CLAYHAM 0- 6 60- 64 190-245 46- 50 100- 450SOI-5 FloodL FloodH Watertable Kind Months Bedrock Hardness SC0151 NONE RARE 6.0-6.0 - 60-60
SOI-5 Depth Texture 3-Inch No-10 Clay% -CEC- SC0151 0- 4 SL FSL L 0- 3 95-100 8-25 5- 9 SC0151 0- 4 SCL CL 0- 3 95-100 20-85 8- 16 SC0151 4-46 CL SIC C - 95-100 35-55 2- 8 SC0151 46-65 SL SCL L - 95-100 8-35 2- 6
SOI-5 Depth -pH- O.M. Salin Permeab Shnk-Swll SC0151 0- 4 4.5- 6.5 .5-2. 0- 0 2.0- 6.0 LOW SC0151 0- 4 4.5- 6.5 .2-1. 0- 0 0.2- 6.0 LOW SC0151 4-46 4.5- 6.5 - 0- 0 0.2- 0.6 LOW SC0151 46-65 5.1- 6.5 - 0- 0 0.6- 2.0 LOW