LOCATION WOOLWINE NC+VAEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine, kaolinitic, mesic Typic Kanhapludults
TYPICAL PEDON: Woolwine gravelly sandy loam, in a loblolly pine plantation. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise indicated.)
Ap--0 to 20 centimeters (about 0 to 8 inches); strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) gravelly sandy loam, brownish yellow (10YR 6/6), dry; weak medium and coarse granular structure; friable; common fine, medium, and coarse roots; 10 percent medium distinct yellowish red (5YR 5/6) bodies of B horizon material; 25 percent gravel and cobbles; 1 percent fine flakes of mica; very strongly acid; abrupt smooth boundary. (0 to 25 centimeters, about 10 inches)
BA--20 to 30 centimeters (about 8 to 12 inches); yellowish red (5YR 5/8) sandy clay loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common, fine, medium, and coarse roots; 10 percent, by volume gravel; 1 percent fine flakes of mica; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. (0 to 25 centimeters, about 10 inches thick)
Bt--30 to 64 centimeters (about 12 to 25 inches); yellowish red (5YR 5/8) clay; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm, sticky, plastic; few faint clay films on faces of peds; common fine, medium, and coarse roots; 5 percent, by volume gravel; 1 percent fine flakes of mica; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. (25 to 75 centimeters, about 10 to 30 inches thick)
BC--64 to 79 centimeters (about 25 to 31 inches); red (2.5YR 4/8) very gravelly sandy clay loam; weak very coarse subangular blocky structure; friable; common medium and coarse roots; 40 percent, by volume weak red (10R 4/3), dusky red (10R 3/3), and yellowish red (5YR 5/8) paragravel and paracobbles; 15 percent fine flakes of mica; very strongly acid; soil peds part along relic rock fractures; gradual wavy boundary. (0 to 25 centimeters, about 10 inches thick)
Cr--79 to 150 centimeters (about 31 to 60 inches); soft sillimanite schist; moderately cemented; fractured at intervals of 10 to less than 46 centimeters (about 4 to less than 18 inches); high excavation difficulty.
TYPE LOCATION: Alexander County, North Carolina; about 2.0 miles north of Bethlehem on North Carolina Highway 127, about 3.0 miles east on Secondary Road 1150, about 0.6 mile south on Secondary Road 1283 to a dead end, 500 feet southeast on a private road, and 20 feet south of the road, in a forested area; USGS Unknown, NC topographic quadrangle; lat. 00 degrees 00 minutes 00 seconds N. and long. 00 degrees 00 minutes 00 seconds W.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Depth to top of argillic horizon: 2 to 40 centimeters (about 1 to 15 inches)
Depth to base of argillic horizon: 40 to 100 centimeters (about 15 to 40 inches)
Depth to bedrock: 50 to 100 centimeters (about 20 to 40 inches) to soft bedrock and 100 to 150 centimeters or more (about 40 to 60 inches) to hard bedrock
Rock fragment content: 0 to 60 percent, by volume in the A and E horizons, 0 to 35 percent in the BA, BE, and Bt horizons, and 5 to 60 percent in the BC and C horizons; mostly gravel, cobbles, paragravel, or paracobbles
(Effective) Cation Exchange Capacity: 2 to 8 milliequivalents per 100 grams of soil in the A horizon; 1 to 4 in the E horizon; 1 to 10 in the B horizon; and 1 to 8 in the C horizon
Soil reaction: Extremely acid to moderately acid in the A horizon and very strongly acid to moderately acid in the B and C horizons, unless limed
Mica content: 0 to 20 percent, by volume mica flakes in the A horizon and upper B horizon and 0 to 35 percent in the lower B horizon and C horizon
Organic matter content: 0.5 to 3.0 percent in the A horizon; 0.25 to 1.0 in the AB or BA horizon; 0.0 to 0.5 in the E horizon; and 0.0 to 0.5 in the C horizon
Shrink-Swell Potential: Low
RANGE OF INDIVIDUAL HORIZONS:
Ap horizon or A horizon (where present):
Color--hue of 5YR to 10YR, value of 3 to 6, chroma of 2 to 8. Eroded phases include hue of 2.5YR.
Texture (fine-earth fraction)--sandy loam, fine sandy loam, or loam. Eroded phases include sandy clay loam or clay loam.
Clay content: 7 to 20 percent, ranging to 35 percent where eroded
E horizon (where present):
Color--hue of 2.5YR to 10YR, value of 4 to 6, chroma of 3 to 8
Texture (fine-earth fraction)--sandy loam, fine sandy loam, or loam
Clay content: 7 to 25 percent
BA horizon or BE horizon (where present):
Color--hue of 2.5YR to 10YR, value of 4 to 6, chroma of 4 to 8
Texture (fine-earth fraction)--sandy clay loam, loam, or clay loam
Clay content: 12 to 35 percent
Bt horizon:
Color--hue of 10R to 5YR, value of 4 to 6, chroma of 4 to 8
Texture (fine-earth fraction)--clay loam, sandy clay, or clay
Clay content: 35 to 60 percent
BC horizon:
Color--hue of 10R to 7.5YR, value of 4 to 6, chroma of 4 to 8
Texture (fine-earth fraction)--fine sandy loam, sandy clay loam, loam, or clay loam
Clay content: 12 to 35 percent
C horizon (where present):
Color--hue of 2.5YR to 7.5YR, value of 4 to 7, chroma of 4 to 8, or it is variegated in shades of these or other colors
Texture (fine-earth fraction)--sandy loam, fine sandy loam, sandy clay loam, loam, or silt loam
Clay content: 12 to 35 percent
Cr horizon:
Bedrock kind--commonly schist, gneiss, or phyllite
Bedrock hardness--extremely weakly cemented to moderately cemented
Fracture interval--greater than 10 centimeters (about4 inches)
Excavation difficulty--moderate or high
COMPETING SERIES:
Clifford soils--are very deep and have a thick clayey Bt horizon
Fairview soils--are very deep and have a thin clayey Bt horizon
Hayesville soils--are very deep and are at elevations above 610 meters (about 2000 feet)
Toast soils--are very deep and have hue of 7.5YR or yellower in the subsoil
Westfield soils--have soft bedrock at 100 to 150 centimeters (about 40 to 60 inches)
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Landscape: Piedmont upland
Landform: Hill, ridge, interfluve
Landform Position (three-dimensional): Crest, side slope, head slope, nose slope
Landform Position (two-dimensional): Summit, shoulder, backslope
Elevation: 90 to 500 meters (about 300 to 1650 feet)
Frost Free Period: 160 to 205 days
Mean Annual Air Temperature: 11 to 13.9 degrees C. (about 52 to 57 degrees F.)
Mean Annual Precipitation: 1020 to 1400 millimeters (about 40 to 55 inches)
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS:
Braddock soils--formed in old alluvium; on adjacent high terraces
Nathalie soils--have a browner subsoil; on similar landforms
Clifford soils--have a thick clayey Bt horizon; on similar landforms
Elioak soils--formed in residuum from micaceous crystalline rocks such as muscovite schist; on similar landforms
Minnieville soils--formed in residuum from hornblende gneiss or hornblende schist; on similar landforms
Rhodhiss soils--are very deep and have less clay in the argillic horizon; on similar landforms
Stott Knob soils--are moderately deep to soft bedrock and less clay in the argillic horizon; on similar landforms
Toast soils--have a thin clayey Bt horizon and a browner subsoil; on similar landforms
Westfield soils--are deep to soft bedrock; on similar landforms
Wintergreen soils--formed in old alluvium; on adjacent high stream terraces
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY:
Drainage Class (Agricultural): Well drained
Internal Free Water Occurrence: Greater than 150 centimeters (about 60 inches)
Flooding Frequency and Duration: None
Ponding Frequency and Duration: None
Index Surface Runoff: Low to high
Permeability: Class: Moderate (0.6 to 2.0 inches per hour)
USE AND VEGETATION:
Major Uses: Cultivated crops, pasture, and woodland.
Dominant Vegetation: Where cultivated--corn, tobacco, small grain, hay, and apples. Where forested--Eastern white pine, Virginia pine, red oak, white oak, post oak, hickory, blackgum, red maple, yellow poplar, and dogwood.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT:
Distribution: North Carolina and Virginia
Extent: Moderate
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Raleigh, North Carolina
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Henry County, Virginia, 1995.
REMARKS: The Woolwine series is a mesic counterpart of the Bethlehem series. The 04/1997 relocation of the mesic/thermic line in North Carolina and Virginia placed the original Bethlehem type location within the mesic area. Type location moved 11/1998 to Alexander County, NC.
Diagnostic horizons and soil characteristics recognized in this pedon:
Ochric epipedon--the zone from 0 to 30 centimeters (Ap horizon and BA horizon)
Argillic horizon--the zone from 30 to 64 centimeters (Bt horizon)
Kandic horizon--the zone from 30 to 79 centimeters (Bt and BC horizons)
Paralithic contact--bedrock contact at 31 inches (top of the Cr horizon)
Paralithic materials--the zone from 79 to 150 centimeters (Cr horizon)
Other soil features identified with this pedon:
Series control section--the zone from 0 to 104 centimeters
ADDITIONAL DATA:
Laboratory Data: Characterization data are available from NRCS-Soil Survey Laboratory, Lincoln, NE (Lab Pedon Number: 04N1093; User Pedon ID; S04NC-097-027).
Database Information:
Typical Pedon Data Mapunit ID--432767