LOCATION WOOLWINE                NC+VA

Established Series
RJL-RLM/Rev. JAK/DTA
05/2026

WOOLWINE SERIES

MLRA(s): 136 (mesic part)
Soil Survey Regional Office (SSRO) Responsible: Southeast
Depth Class: Moderately deep
Agricultural Drainage Class: Well drained
Index Surface Runoff: Medium
Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity Class: Moderately high
Shrink-Swell Potential: Low
Landscape: Piedmont uplands
Landform: Interstream divides, ridges, and side slopes
Parent Material: Residuum from felsic or immediate crystalline rock
Slope: 2 to 80 percent
Elevation (type location): 427 meters (1400 feet)
Frost Free Period (type location): 167 days
Mean Annual Air Temperature (type location): 14 degrees C (57 degrees F)
Mean Annual Precipitation (type location): 1245 millimeters (49 inches)

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine, kaolinitic, mesic Typic Kanhapludults

TYPICAL PEDON: Woolwine gravelly sandy loam, in a loblolly pine plantation. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise indicated.)

Ap--0 to 20 centimeters (0 to 8 inches); strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) gravelly sandy loam, brownish yellow (10YR 6/6), dry; weak medium and coarse granular structure; friable; common fine, medium, and coarse roots; 10 percent medium distinct yellowish red (5YR 5/6) bodies of B horizon material; 25 percent gravel and cobbles; 1 percent fine flakes of mica; very strongly acid; abrupt smooth boundary. (0 to 25 centimeters, (10 inches) thick)

BA--20 to 30 centimeters (8 to 12 inches); yellowish red (5YR 5/8) sandy clay loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common, fine, medium, and coarse roots; 10 percent, by volume gravel; 1 percent fine flakes of mica; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. (0 to 25 centimeters, (10 inches) thick)

Bt--30 to 63 centimeters (12 to 25 inches); yellowish red (5YR 5/8) clay; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm, sticky, plastic; few faint clay films on faces of peds; common fine, medium, and coarse roots; 5 percent, by volume gravel; 1 percent fine flakes of mica; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. (25 to 76 centimeters, (10 to 30 inches) thick)

BC--63 to 79 centimeters (25 to 31 inches); red (2.5YR 4/8) very gravelly sandy clay loam; weak very coarse subangular blocky structure; friable; common medium and coarse roots; 40 percent, by volume weak red (10R 4/3), dusky red (10R 3/3), and yellowish red (5YR 5/8) paragravel and paracobbles; 15 percent fine flakes of mica; very strongly acid; soil peds part along relic rock fractures; gradual wavy boundary. (0 to 25 centimeters, (0 to 10 inches) thick)

Cr--79 to 152 centimeters (31 to 60 inches); soft sillimanite schist; moderately cemented; fractured at intervals of 10 to less than 46 centimeters (4 to less than 18 inches); high excavation difficulty.

TYPE LOCATION: Alexander County, North Carolina; about 2.0 miles north of Bethlehem on North Carolina Highway 127, about 3.0 miles east on Secondary Road 1150, about 0.6 mile south on Secondary Road 1283 to a dead end, 500 feet southeast on a private road, and 20 feet south of the road, in a forested area; USGS Bethlehem, North Carolina topographic quadrangle.

Latitude--35.8355
Longitude-- -81.1744
Datum--WGS84

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Depth to top of argillic horizon: 2 to 38 centimeters (1 to 15 inches)
Depth to base of argillic horizon: 38 to 102 centimeters (about 15 to 40 inches)
Depth to soft bedrock: 51 to 102 centimeters (20 to 40 inches)
Depth to hard bedrock: 102 to 150 c2ntimeters or more (40 to 60 inches)
Depth to Seasonal High Water Table: Greater than 152 centimeters (60 inches)
Rock fragment content: 0 to 60 percent, by volume in the A and E horizons, 0 to 35 percent in the BA, BE, and Bt horizons, and 5 to 60 percent in the BC and C horizons; mostly gravel, cobbles, paragravel, or paracobbles
Mica content: 0 to 20 percent, by volume mica flakes in the A horizon and upper B horizon and 0 to 35 percent in the lower B horizon and C horizon
Soil reaction: Extremely acid to moderately acid in the A horizon and very strongly acid to moderately acid in the B and C horizons, unless limed

RANGE OF INDIVIDUAL HORIZONS:
Ap horizon or A horizon:
Color--hue of 5YR to 10YR, value of 3 to 6, chroma of 2 to 8. Eroded phases include hue of 2.5YR.
Texture (fine-earth fraction)--sandy loam, fine sandy loam, or loam. Eroded phases include sandy clay loam or clay loam.

E horizon (if it occurs):
Color--hue of 2.5YR to 10YR, value of 4 to 6, chroma of 3 to 8
Texture (fine-earth fraction)--sandy loam, fine sandy loam, or loam

BA horizon or BE horizon (if it occurs):
Color--hue of 2.5YR to 10YR, value of 4 to 6, chroma of 4 to 8
Texture (fine-earth fraction)--sandy clay loam, loam, or clay loam

Bt horizon:
Color--hue of 10R to 5YR, value of 4 to 6, chroma of 4 to 8
Texture (fine-earth fraction)--clay loam, sandy clay, or clay

BC horizon:
Color--hue of 10R to 7.5YR, value of 4 to 6, chroma of 4 to 8
Texture (fine-earth fraction)--fine sandy loam, sandy clay loam, loam, or clay loam

C horizon (if it occurs):
Color--hue of 2.5YR to 7.5YR, value of 4 to 7, chroma of 4 to 8, or it is variegated in shades of these or other colors
Texture (fine-earth fraction)--sandy loam, fine sandy loam, sandy clay loam, loam, or silt loam

Cr horizon:
Bedrock kind--commonly schist, gneiss, or phyllite
Bedrock hardness--extremely weakly cemented to moderately cemented
Fracture interval--greater than 10 centimeters (4 inches)
Excavation difficulty--moderate or high

COMPETING SERIES:
Clifford soils--are very deep and have a thick clayey Bt horizon
Fairview soils--are very deep and have a thin clayey Bt horizon
Nathalie soils--are very deep, have a thick clayey Bt horizon, and are not red in the subsoil
Poplar Forest soils--do not have a paralithic contact within 102 centimeters (40 inches)
Toast soils--are very deep and are not red in the subsoil
Westfield soils--have soft bedrock at 102 to 152 centimeters (40 to 60 inches)

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Landscape: Piedmont upland
Landform: Hill, ridge, interfluve
Landform: Interstream divides, ridges, and side slopes
Elevation: 91 to 503 meters (300 to 1650 feet)
Frost Free Period: 160 to 205 days
Mean Annual Air Temperature: 11 to 14 degrees C (52 to 57 degrees F)
Mean Annual Precipitation: 1016 to 1397 millimeters (about 40 to 55 inches)

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS:
Elioak soils--formed in residuum from micaceous crystalline rocks such as muscovite schist; on similar landforms
Minnieville soils--formed in residuum from hornblende gneiss or hornblende schist; on similar landforms
Rhodhiss soils--are very deep and have less clay in the argillic horizon; on similar landforms
Stott Knob soils--are moderately deep to soft bedrock and less clay in the argillic horizon; on similar landforms
Toast soils--have a thin clayey Bt horizon and a browner subsoil; on similar landforms
Westfield soils--are deep to soft bedrock; on similar landforms

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY:
Agricultural Drainage Class: Well drained
Index Surface Runoff: Medium
Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity: Moderately high

USE AND VEGETATION:
Major Uses: Cropland, pasture, and woodland.
Dominant Vegetation: Where cultivated--corn, tobacco, small grain, hay, and apples. Where forested--Eastern white pine, Virginia pine, red oak, white oak, post oak, hickory, blackgum, red maple, yellow poplar, and dogwood.

SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (SSRO) RESPONSIBLE: Auburn, Alabama

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT:
Distribution: North Carolina and Virginia
Extent: Moderate

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Henry County, Virginia, 1995.

REMARKS: The Woolwine series is a mesic counterpart of the Bethlehem series. The 04/1997 relocation of the mesic/thermic line in MLRA 136 in North Carolina and Virginia placed the original Bethlehem type location within the mesic area. Type location moved 11/1998 to Alexander County, NC. The May 2026 revision changed the format. No data was changed.

Diagnostic horizons and soil characteristics recognized in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon--the zone from 0 to 30 centimeters (0 to 12 inches) (Ap horizon and BA horizon)
Argillic horizon--the zone from 30 to 63 centimeters (12 to 25 inches) (Bt horizon)
Kandic horizon--the zone from 30 to 79 centimeters (12 to 31 Inches) (Bt and BC horizons)
Paralithic contact--bedrock contact at 79 centimeters (31 inches) (top of the Cr horizon)
Paralithic materials--the zone from 79 to 150 centimeters (31 to 60 inches)(Cr horizon)

ADDITIONAL DATA:
Laboratory Data: Characterization data are available from NRCS-Soil Survey Laboratory, Lincoln, NE (Lab Pedon Number: 04N1093; User Pedon ID; S04NC-097-027).
Database Information:
Typical Pedon Data Mapunit ID--432767
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National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.