LOCATION CHILI OH+PA
Established Series
Rev. DRM-RAR -LER
04/2025
CHILI SERIES
The Chili series consists of very deep, well drained soils on outwash plains, terraces, kames, and beach ridges. They formed in Wisconsinan age outwash deposits, mainly of non-calcareous sandstone and shale with a large amount of quartz gravel. Commonly, the outwash is mantled with silt. Saturated hydraulic conductivity is moderately high in the subsoil and high in the substratum. Slopes range from 0 to 70 percent. Mean annual precipitation is about 950 millimeters, and mean annual temperature is about 10 degrees C.
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, mixed, active, mesic Typic Hapludalfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Chili loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes, in a cultivated field. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise noted.)
Ap -- 0 to 23 centimeters; brown (10YR 4/3) loam, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry; moderate medium granular structure; friable; 2 percent gravel; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary. (15 to 32 centimeters thick.)
BE -- 23 to 36 centimeters; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common faint silt and sand coats on faces of peds; 2 percent gravel; slightly acid; gradual smooth boundary. (0 to 30 centimeters thick.)
Bt1 -- 36 to 51 centimeters; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) loam; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; firm; common faint clay films in pores; 2 percent gravel; slightly acid; clear smooth boundary.
Bt2 -- 51 to 89 centimeters; brown (7.5YR 4/4) gravelly clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; common faint clay films on faces of peds and coating pebbles; 25 percent gravel; moderately acid; gradual smooth boundary. (Combined thickness of the Bt horizons is 30 to 150 centimeters.)
BC -- 89 to 137 centimeters; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) very gravelly sandy loam; massive; friable; few faint clay films on gravel; 50 percent pebbles; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. (0 to 64 centimeters thick.)
C -- 137 to 152 centimeters; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) very gravelly sand; single grain; loose; 50 percent gravel; moderately acid.
TYPE LOCATION: Portage County, Ohio; Shalersville Township, 1 1/2 miles southwest of Mantua; 2,100 feet east of Frost Road, 2,200 feet south of Dudley Road, and 2,000 feet west of Infirmary Road, T. 4 N., R. 8 W.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Thickness of the silty mantle ranges from 0 to 45 centimeters. Thickness of the solum ranges from 100 to 200 centimeters. Depth to the base of the argillic horizon is 89 to 137 centimeters. Rock fragment lithology is mainly sandstone and shale, with a large amount of quartz gravel. The particle size control section averages 18 to 27 percent clay.
The Ap horizon has hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of 4 or 5, 3 or 4 unrubbed (6 or more dry), and chroma of 2 to 4. It is loam, silt loam, gravelly loam, and sandy loam or gravelly sandy loam. Reaction is very strongly acid to slightly acid, but limed areas range to neutral. Rock fragment content ranges from 0 to 30 percent. Some pedons have an A horizon 1 to 5 inches thick with hue of 10YR, value of 2 or 3 (4 or 5 dry), and chroma of 2 or 3.
Where present, the BE, BA, or E horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 3 or 4. They have textures and reaction similar to the Ap horizon.
The Bt or 2Bt horizon has hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of 4 or 5; and chroma of 3 to 6. Some subhorizons have a hue of 5YR. It is sandy loam, silt loam, loam, clay loam, sandy clay loam, or their gravelly analogues; and very gravelly analogues of sandy loam, loam, clay loam, or sandy clay loam below 20 inches. Rock fragment content ranges from 5 to 60 percent in individual horizons. Reaction is very strongly acid to slightly acid.
The BC or 2BC horizon has hue of 10YR, 7.5YR, or 5YR; value of 3 to 5; and chroma of 3 to 6. It is loam, sandy loam, or coarse sandy loam and their gravelly or very gravelly analogs. Some pedons have textures of loamy sand or gravelly loamy sand. Rock fragment content averages between 15 and 60 percent.
The BC horizon is strongly acid to slightly acid.
The C or 2C horizon has hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 2 to 6. It is gravelly or very gravelly analogues of loamy sand or sand. Many pedons have thin layers of gravel. Rock fragment content averages between 25 and 60 percent. Individual strata may contain less than 15 percent rock fragments. Reaction is strongly acid to neutral, and ranges to slightly alkaline below 150 centimeters.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the
Amanda,
Belmont,
Belmore,
Cliftycreek,
Crouse,
Gallman,
Greybrook,
Hickory,
High Gap,
Kanawha,
Kidder,
Kosciusko,
Leroy,
Lumberton,
Martinsville,
Military,
Ockley,
Pignut,
Princeton,
Relay,
Richardville,
Riddles,
Senachwine,
Skelton,
Strawn,
Turnersburg,
Wawaka,
Wawasee, and
Woodbine series. The Amanda, Greybrook, Hickory, Martinsville, Princeton, Richardville, Riddles, Senachwine, Skelton, Strawn, and Wawasee soils average less than 15 percent rock fragments in the lower part of the series control section. Belmont, Kosciusko, Leroy, and Relay soils have thinner sola. The Cliftycreek soils are deeper than 137 centimeters to the base of the argillic horizon. The Lumberton soils have a lithic contact at 100 to 150 centimeters. The Belmore, Kidder, and Ockley soils are slightly or moderately alkaline in the lower part of the series control section. The Crouse and Wawaka soils have sola more than 200 centimeters thick. The Gallman soils have rock fragments predominated by shale with some crystalline and limestone fragments. High Gap, Military, Pignut, and Woodbine soils are less than 150 centimeters to a lithic contact. Kanawha soils have less sand in the lower solum. Turnersburg soils have a higher mean annual temperature.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: The Chili soils are on outwash plains, terraces, kames, and beach ridges. The soils formed in Wisconsinan age stratified outwash derived largely from noncalcareous sandstone and shale that contains a high amount of quartz gravel. Commonly, the outwash is mantled with silt. The slope gradient typically is 0 to 18 percent, but the range is up to 70 percent. In some places the upper part of the solum formed in silty alluvium or loess as much as 48 centimeters in thickness. Mean annual precipitation ranges from about 32 to 42 inches, and mean annual temperature ranges from about 48 to 54 degrees F.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the
Bogart,
Chagrin,
Damascus,
Jimtown, and
Lobdell soils. The moderately well drained Bogart, poorly drained Damascus, and somewhat poorly drained Jimtown soils are on lower landscape positions in a toposequence with Chili soils. Chagrin and Lobdell soils are lower in the landscape on nearby flood plains.
DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Well drained. The potential for surface runoff is negligible to high. Saturated hydraulic conductivity is moderately high in the subsoil and high in the substratum.
USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas having less than 12 percent slopes are cleared and used for general farming, specialty crops, or pasture. Principal crops are corn, oats, wheat, and mixed hay. Steeper areas are mostly wooded, mainly to oaks and hickories. Native vegetation was deciduous hardwood forest.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Eastern and northeastern Ohio, and western Pennsylvania. MLRA's 111, 121, 124, 126, and 139. The Chili soils are of large extent, over 250,000 acres.
SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (SSRO) RESPONSIBLE: Morgantown, West Virginia
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Huron County, Ohio, 1950.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon
are:
1. Ochric epipedon - 0 to 36 centimeters (Ap, BE horizons)
2. Argillic horizon - 36 to 89 centimeters (Bt1, Bt2 horizons)
A loamy substratum phase has been recognized. These soils will need to be evaluated during MLRA update activities.
Latitude and Longitude cannot be accurately located from distance on TYPE LOCATION.
REMARKS: Refer to pedons CA-33, CO-42, CO-53, CO-60, CO-79, CO-131, CO-132, CO-137, LK-18, MH-50, SK-8, ST-18, ST-B4, and TU-16 for characterization data analyzed by the Ohio State University Soil Characterization Laboratory, Columbus, Ohio.
National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.