LOCATION CLARINDA                IA+MO

Established Series
Rev. JAL-MRL-RJB
06/2015

CLARINDA SERIES

The Clarinda series consists of very deep, poorly drained soils formed in a paleosol that formed in glacial till, with or without a thin layer of loess on the surface. These soils are on side slopes and head slopes on dissected till plains. Slope ranges from 5 to 18 percent. Mean annual precipitation is about 940 millimeters. Mean annual air temperature is about 11 degrees C.

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine, smectitic, mesic Vertic Argiaquolls

TYPICAL PEDON: Clarinda silty clay loam, on a south-facing, convex, slope of about 8 percent, in a crop field, at an elevation of about 332 meters above sea level. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)

Ap--0 to 20 centimeters; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) silty clay loam, dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry; weak fine subangular blocky structure parting to moderate fine granular; friable; moderately acid; clear smooth boundary.

A--20 to 28 centimeters; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) silty clay loam, dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry; weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable; moderately acid; gradual smooth boundary.

2Bt--28 to 48 centimeters; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) and dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silty clay, gray (10YR 5/1) dry; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; firm; common distinct dark gray (10YR 4/1) clay films on faces of peds; many fine white (10YR 8/1) dry sand grains on faces of peds; few fine prominent yellowish red (5YR 4/6) redoximorphic concentrations; strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary.

2Btg1--48 to 86 centimeters; gray (5Y 5/1) clay; weak medium subangular blocky structure; very firm; many distinct gray (10YR 5/1) clay films on faces of peds; common fine white (10YR 8/1) dry sand grains on faces of peds; common fine prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) and few fine prominent yellowish red (5YR 5/8) redoximorphic concentrations; strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary.

2Btg2--86 to 119 centimeters; gray (5Y 5/1) clay; weak medium prismatic structure parting to moderate medium subangular blocky; very firm; many distinct gray (10YR 5/1) clay films on faces of peds; few fine white (10YR 8/1) dry sand grains on faces of peds; common coarse prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) redoximorphic concentrations; slightly acid; gradual smooth boundary.

2Btg3--119 to 170 centimeters; gray (5Y 5/1) silty clay; weak medium prismatic structure; very firm; many distinct gray (10YR 5/1) clay films on vertical faces of peds; few very dark gray (10YR 3/1) organic stains on peds and on surfaces along pores; few fine white (10YR 8/1) dry sand grains on faces of peds; common coarse prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) redoximorphic concentrations; neutral; gradual smooth boundary.

2BC--170 to 200 centimeters; gray (5Y 6/1) silty clay; weak medium prismatic structure; very firm; few fine white (10YR 8/1) dry sand grains on vertical faces of peds; common prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) redoximorphic concentrations; neutral.

TYPE LOCATION: Major Land Resource Area (MLRA) 109-Iowa and Missouri Heavy Till Plain, Wayne County, Iowa subset; about 1 mile west of Corydon; located about 1,940 feet east and 240 feet south of the northwest corner of section 24, T. 69 N., R. 22 W.; USGS Corydon topographic quadrangle; lat. 40 degrees 46 minutes 2.0 seconds N. and long. 93 degrees 20 minutes 20 seconds W., NAD 83.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Thickness of the mollic epipedon--25 to 50 centimeters
Depth to carbonates--more than 150 centimeters
Depth to lithic or paralithic contact--more than 200 centimeters
Clay content in the particle-size control section (weighted average)--40 to 60 percent
Sand content in the particle-size control section (weighted average)--less than 15 percent
Rock fragment content--0 percent within a depth of 150 centimeters

Ap or A horizon:
Hue--10YR
Value--2 or 3
Chroma--1 or 2
Texture--silt loam, silty clay loam, or silty clay
Clay content--25 to 44 percent
Sand content--less than 15 percent
Reaction--strongly acid to neutral
Thickness--25 to 41 centimeters

Some pedons have an AB horizon

2Bt horizon:
Hue--10YR
Value--2 to 4
Chroma--1 or 2
Texture--silty clay or clay
Clay content--40 to 55 percent
Sand content--less than 15 percent
Reaction--strongly acid to slightly acid
Thickness--0 to 25 centimeters

2Btg horizon:
Hue--10YR to 5Y
Value--4 to 6
Chroma--1 or 2
Texture--silty clay or clay
Clay content--40 to 60 percent
Sand content--less than 15 percent
Reaction--strongly acid to neutral
Thickness--combined thickness of the 2Btg horizon is 89 to 155 centimeters

2BC horizon:
Hue--10YR to 5Y
Value--4 to 6
Chroma--1 to 6
Texture--silty clay or silty clay loam
Clay content--37 to 50 percent
Sand content--less than 15 percent
Reaction--moderately acid to slightly alkaline
Thickness--0-40 centimeters

2C horizon (when present):
Hue--10YR to 5Y
Value--4 to 6
Chroma--1 to 6
Texture--clay loam
Clay content--30 to 40 percent
Sand content--20 to 40 percent
Reaction--moderately acid to slightly alkaline

COMPETING SERIES: These are the Butler, Carbika, Chancellor, Coatsburg, Edinburg, Fosterburg, Haig, Lodgepole, Mazaska, Minnetonka, Sacville, Sampsel, Taintor, Terrabella, Virden, Winterset, and Worthing series.
Butler--are in areas that average less than 730 millimeters of precipitation
Carbika--have a clay content that averages less than 40 percent in the particle-size control section
Chancellor--have mollic epipedons greater than 60 centimeters thick
Coatsburg--do not have horizons with more than 45 percent clay
Edinburg--have a clay content that averages less than 40 percent in the particle-size control section
Fosterburg--contain concentrations of exchangeable sodium in the subsoil
Haig--have mollic epipedons 50 to 90 centimeters thick
Lodgepole--have mollic epipedons 50 to 127 centimeters thick
Mazaska--have carbonates within a depth of 150 centimeters and have 2 to 8 percent rock fragments in the series control section
Minnetonka--have carbonates within a depth of 132 centimeters
Sacville--have a rock fragment content of 1 to 60 percent in the lower third of the series control section
Sampsel--have a paralithic contact within a depth of 200 centimeters
Taintor--have a clay content that averages less than 42 percent in the particle-size control section
Terrabella--have matrix hues of 5YR or 7.5YR in the middle third of the series control section
Virden--have a clay content that averages 35 to 40 percent in the particle size control section
Winterset--have a clay content that averages 36 to 42 percent in the particle-size control section
Worthing--have mollic epipedons greater than 89 centimeters thick

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Parent material--paleosol formed in glacial till, with or without a thin layer of loess on the surface
Landform--side slopes and head slopes on dissected till plains
Slope--5 to 18 percent
Elevation--185 to 475 meters above sea level
Mean annual air temperature--8 to 13 degrees C
Mean annual precipitation--660 to 1,040 millimeters
Frost-free period--155 to 220 days

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS:
These are the Lamoni, Seymour, and Shelby soils.
Lamoni--are on similar landscape positions as the Clarinda soils or at lower elevations on side slopes and have a sand content that averages more than 15 percent in the particle-size control section
Seymour--are on higher landscape positions on side slopes and have a sand content of less than 3 percent throughout the series control section
Shelby--are on lower landscape positions on side slopes and have a sand content that averages 20 to 40 percent in the particle-size control section

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY:
Drainage class--poorly drained--these soils have a saturated zone between depths of 0.0 to 0.3 meters during periods of most years; this saturation is considered perched
Saturated hydraulic conductivity--1.0 to 10.0 micrometers per seconds in the upper material (when present) and 0.01 to 0.10 micrometers per second in the underlying material

USE AND VEGETATION:
Most areas are cultivated. The principal crops are corn, soybeans, small grains, and hay. Native vegetation is big bluestem, western wheatgrass, sedges, blue grama and other species of the tall grass prairie that are tolerant of excessive wetness. See Additional Data section for native vegetative cover in Iowa.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT:
Physiographic Division--Interior Plains
Physiographic Province--Central Lowland
Physiographic section--Dissected till plains
MLRAs--Iowa and Missouri Deep Loess Hills (107B), Illinois and Iowa Deep Loess and Drift, West Central Part (108C), Illinois and Iowa Deep Loess and Drift, Western Part (108D), and Iowa and Missouri Heavy Till Plain (109)
LRR M; southern Iowa and northern Missouri
Extent--large

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Indianapolis, Indiana

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Taylor County, Iowa, 1954.

REMARKS:
Particle-size control section--the zone from a depth of 28 to 78 centimeters;
series control section--the zone from the surface to a depth of 170 centimeters (Ap, A, 2Bt, 2Btg1, 2Btg2, and 2Btg3 horizons).

Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon include:
mollic epipedon--the zone from the surface to a depth of 48 centimeters (Ap, A, 2Bt horizons);
argillic horizon--the zone from a depth of 28 to 170 centimeters (2Bt, 2Btg1, 2Btg2, 2Btg3 horizons);
aquic moisture regime.

Taxonomy version--Keys to Soil Taxonomy, eleventh edition, 2010.

ADDITIONAL DATA:
Laboratory data--National Soil Survey Laboratory, Lincoln, Nebraska, pedons 87IA159005 and 87IA159006 (http://ssldata.sc.egov.usda.gov/).

In Iowa, the native vegetative cover is a herbaceous wetland community commonly inhabited with Bluejoint Grasses, Fowl Bluegrasses, Green Muhlies, Fox Sedges, Field Sedges, Dudleys Rushes, Torreys Rushes, Swamp Milkweeds, False Sneezeweeds, False Asters, New England Asters, White Panicled Asters, and Wild Mints. Source: Iowa State Office, Natural Resources Conservation Service, Des Moines, IA.

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National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.