LOCATION DENMAN OKEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy over clayey, siliceous, semiactive, thermic Typic Hapludults
TYPICAL PEDON: Denman stony loam, in forest.
(Colors are for moist soils unless otherwise stated.)
A1--0 to 6 inches; dark brown (10YR 3/3) stony loam; weak fine granular structure; friable; many fine roots; sandstone fragments make up 25percent by volume; moderately acid; gradual wavy boundary. (4 to 9 inches thick)
B1--6 to 10 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/4) cobbly loam; weak medium granular structure; friable; common fine roots; sandstone fragments make up 25 percent by volume; moderately acid; gradual wavy boundary. (3 to 9 inches thick)
B21t--10 to 22 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) gravelly clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; common fine roots; few patchy clay films on faces of peds; sandstone fragments make up 20 percent by volume; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. (8 to 26 inches thick)
IIB22t--22 to 46 inches; yellowish red (5YR 5/6) silty clay; many fine and medium distinct light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) and red (2.5YR 5/6) mottles; moderate medium blocky structure; very firm; few fine roots; clay films on faces of peds; shale fragments make up 5 percent by volume; very strongly acid; diffuse wavy boundary. (7 to 24 inches thick)
IIB3--46 to 56 inches; olive gray (5Y 5/2) silty clay; many medium faint dark gray (5Y 4/1) and olive brown (2.5Y 4/4) mottles; weak coarse blocky structure; very firm; shale fragments make up 10 percent by volume; strongly acid; diffuse wavy boundary. (9 to 20 inches thick)
IICr--56 to 80 inches; dark gray (10YR 4/1) and olive gray (5Y 5/2) shale, tilted 30 degrees from the horizontal; moderately acid.
TYPE LOCATION: Latimer County, Oklahoma; about 2 miles south of Wilburton, Oklahoma, on north side of Blue Mountain; 1,200 feet north and 1,200 feet west of the southeast corner of sec. 28, T. 5 N., R. 19 E.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Solum thickness and depth to shale bedrock ranges from 40 to 60 inches. Depth to the IIB22t horizon ranges from 22 to 38 inches. The upper 15 inches of the control section has 30 percent or less clay content.
The A1 horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 3 or 4, and chroma of 2 or 3. It is stony loam or gravelly loam. Content of coarse fragments of sandstone ranges from 20 to 50 percent by volume. About 5 to 25 percent by volume is less than
76 mm in diameter and 0 to 40 percent by volume is more than 76 mm in diameter. Reaction is moderately acid or strongly acid.
Some pedons have A2 horizons that range up to 9 inches thick. The A2 horizon has hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 3 to 6. Texture, reaction, and content of sandstone fragments are the same as the A1 horizon.
The B1 horizon has hue of 5YR or 7.5YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 4 to 6. It is stony loam, stony clay loam, gravelly clay loam, gravelly loam, cobbly clay loam, or cobbly loam. Content of coarse fragments of sandstone ranges from 15 to 35 percent by volume. About 5 to 25 percent by volume is less than 76 mm in diameter and 0 to 20 percent by volume is more than 76 mm in diameter. Reaction is moderately acid to very strongly acid.
The B21t horizon has hue of 5YR or 7.5YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 4 to 8. Some pedons have mottles in shades of brown or red. The B21t horizon is clay loam, loam, gravelly clay loam, gravelly loam, cobbly clay loam, or cobbly loam. Content of coarse fragments of sandstone range from 10 to 30 percent by volume. About 5 to 30 percent by volume is less than 76 mm in diameter and 0 to 15 percent by volume is more than 76 mm in diameter. Reaction is strongly acid or very strongly acid.
The IIB22t horizon has hue of 2.5YR or 5YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 4 to 8 with mottles in shades of red, brown, or gray. It is clay, silty clay, shaley clay, or shaley silty clay. Fragments of sandstone and shale less than 76 mm in diameter make up 5 to 30 percent by volume. Reaction is strongly acid or very strongly acid.
The IIB3 horizon has hue of 10YR to 5Y, value of 4 to 7, and chroma of 2 to 6. Some pedons are coarsely mottled or variegated in shades of red, brown, or gray. Texture, reaction, and content of coarse fragments of sandstone and shale are the same as the IIB22t horizon.
The IICr horizon has hue of 10YR to 5Y, value of 2 to 6, and chroma of 1 to 4. It is shale or shaley clay that is tilted more than 20 degrees from horizontal. Reaction is neutral to moderately acid.
COMPETING SERIES: There are no other series in this family. Soils in similar families are the Bassfield, Bengal, Bigfork, Carnasaw, Cuthbert, Enders, Endsaw, Galilee, Hartsells, Honobia, Kalmia, Kirvin, Latonia, Linker, Maxtora, Pirum, Rumford, Saffell, Sherwood, Shermore, Spadra, and Zafra series. Bassfield, Latonia, and Rumford soils have a coarse-loamy control section. Bengal, Carnasaw, Cuthbert, Enders, Endsaw, Galilee, and Kirvin soils have a clayey control section. Bigfork, Saffell, and Zafra soils have a loamy-skeletal control section. Hartsells, Linker, Pirum, Sherwood, and Spadra soils do not have clayey IIB2t horizons. Honobia soils have a clay-skeletal control section. Kalmia and Maxtora soils have a fine-loamy over sandy or sandy-skeletal control section. Shermore soils have a fragipan.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Denman soils are on strongly sloping to sideslopes on the outer edge of the frontal belt of the Ouachita Mountains. The upper part of the soil formed in colluvium, and the underlying part formed in material weathered from shale of Pennsylvanian age. Slopes range from 8 to 30 percent. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 40 to 50 inches. Mean annual temperatures range from 60 degrees to 66 degrees F. Thornthwaite annual P-E indices are greater than 64.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the competing Bengal, Carnasaw, Pirum, and Zafra series and the Clebit, Octavia, Panama, Sobol, and Tuskahoma series. Bengal soils are on similar topographic position as Denman soils. Carnasaw and Pirum soils are usually on similar topographic positions as Denman soils but they are at higher elevations than Denman soils. Zafra soils are on sideslopes and footslopes. Clebit soils have a solum less than 20 inches thick over hard sandstone bedrock and they are on ridge crests or narrow benches on the sideslopes. Octavia and Panama soils are on sideslopes and footslopes. Octavia soils have a fine-loamy control section and Panama soils have a loamy-skeletal control section. Sobol and Tuskahoma soils have a clayey control section and are usually at lower elevations than the Denman soils.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Denman soils are well drained. Runoff is medium or rapid, and permeability is slow. Gray colors are inherited from the parent material and are not indicative of wetness.
USE AND VEGETATION: Used mainly for woodland. Some of the less sloping and less stony areas are used for tame pasture. The vegetation is primarily red oak, post oak, hickory, and shortleaf pine.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Low foothills on the outer edge or frontal belt of the Ouachita Mountains of Oklahoma and possibly Arkansas. The series is of moderate extent.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Temple, Texas
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Latimer County, Oklahoma, 1980.
REMARKS: These soils were formerly included in the Enders and Carnasaw series.
ADDITIONAL DATA: Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma. Sample Number 79-OK-39-37.