LOCATION EMMERT MN+WIEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Sandy-skeletal, mixed, frigid Typic Udorthents
TYPICAL PEDON: Emmert loamy sand with a convex slope of about 40 percent on an esker under deciduous forest. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
A--0 to 2 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) loamy sand, dark gray (10YR4/1) dry; weak fine granular structure; very friable; about 10 percent gravel; slightly acid; abrupt smooth boundary. (1 to 4 inches thick)
E--2 to 12 inches, brown (7.5YR 5/3) gravelly loamy sand, light brown (7.5YR 6/3) dry; weak fine granular structure; very friable; about 15 percent gravel; slightly acid; gradual smooth boundary. (0 to 15 inches thick)
Bt1--12 to 19 inches, brown (7.5YR 4/4) gravelly loamy coarse sand; weak fine granular structure; about 20 percent gravel; common clay bridging between sand grains; neutral; gradual smooth boundary.
Bt2--19 to 37 inches, brown (7.5YR 4/4) gravelly coarse sand; weak fine granular structure; about 30 percent gravel, common clay bridging between sand grains, neutral; gradual smooth boundary. (combined thickness is 4 to 40 inches)
C--37 to 80 inches, dark brown (7.5YR 3/3) very gravelly coarse sand; single grain; loose; about 50 percent gravel; neutral.
TYPE LOCATION: Mille Lacs County, Minnesota; about 10 miles northeast of Milaca, 800 feet east and 1000 feet south of the northwest corner of Sec. 14, T. 40 N., R. 25 W..
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Depth to free carbonates is greater than 80 inches. The particle size control section has 35 to 90 percent by volume, of rock fragments commonly dispersed throughout the matrix, but in some pedons the fragments are in distinct strata. They are mostly of igneous origin and commonly 0.5 to 10 cm in diameter.
The A horizon has hue of 10YR to 5YR, value of 2 or 3, and chroma of 1 or 2. It is coarse sandy loam, sandy loam, fine sandy loam, loamy coarse sand, loamy sand, sand or coarse sand or their gravelly analogues. It is slightly acid to strongly acid.
The E horizon has hue of 10YR or 7.5YR hue; value of 4 to 6; and chroma of 1 to 3. It is coarse sandy loam, sandy loam, fine sandy loam, loamy coarse sand, sand or coarse sand or their gravelly analogues. It is slightly acid to strongly acid.
The Bt horizons have hue of 5YR to 10YR; value of 3 to 5; and chroma of 2 to 6. They are coarse sand, sand, loamy coarse sand, or loamy sand or their gravelly or very gravelly analogues. They are neutral to strongly acid.
Some pedons have a Bw horizon with colors and textures similar to the Bt horizon.
The C horizon has a hue of 5YR to 10YR, value of 3 to 5, and chroma of 3 to 6. It is sand or coarse sand in the fine-earth fraction and stratification is common. It is neutral to strongly acid.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Boscawen, Hopkinton, Stonelake and Yellowdog series. The Boscawen soils do not have clay bridging in the upper part of the profile. Hopkinton soils are not currently in the OSD database. Stonelake soils have free carbonates at a depth above 60 inches. Yellowdog soils have a lithic contact at depths of 20 to 40 inches.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: These soils have convex and linear slopes on kames, eskers, moraines, and terraces. Slope gradients commonly are 9 to 18 percent but range from 1 to 70 percent. These soils formed in noncalcareous, sandy and sandy-skeletal outwash of Late Wisconsinan Age. The mean annual air temperature is approximately 35 to 45 degrees F. Mean annual precipitation is about 24 to 34 inches. Frost-free days range from 90 to 140 days. Elevation above sea level ranges from 700 to 1600 feet.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: The Emmert soils primarily are in association with the well drained Antigo, Rosholt, Sanburn, Cloquet, and Onamia soils and somewhat excessively drained Chetek soils all of which have a thicker loamy mantle. They also are associated in some places with the upland till soils.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Excessively drained. Surface runoff is low to medium. Permeability is rapid or very rapid.
USE AND VEGETATION: Mostly in forest and some is pastured. Native vegetation is mixed hardwoods and conifers.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: MLRA-90 and 93. Central and northern Minnesota and northern Wisconsin. The series is moderately extensive.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: St. Paul, Minnesota
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Mille Lacs County, Minnesota, 1927.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are: ochric epipedon - the zone from o to 12 inches (A and E horizons); udic moisture regime.
The Bt horizons do not qualify for an argillic because the clay increase is less than 3 percent.
ADDITIONAL DATA: Refer to MAES Central File Code No. 742 for some results of laboratory analysis of the typical pedon.