LOCATION GILEAD NC+SCEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine, kaolinitic, thermic Aquic Hapludults
TYPICAL PEDON: Gilead loamy sand--cultivated on a 9 percent slope; elevation 350 feet. (Colors are for moist soils unless otherwise stated.)
Ap--0 to 5 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) loamy sand; weak medium granular structure; very friable; many coarse and medium roots; moderately acid; abrupt smooth boundary. (4 to 8 inches thick)
Bt1--5 to 8 inches; brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) sandy clay loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common medium roots; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary. (0 to 10 inches thick)
Bt2--8 to 22 inches; reddish yellow (7.5YR 6/6) sandy clay; common fine distinct yellowish red and white mottles; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm, sticky, plastic; common fine and medium roots; many prominent continuous clay films on primary faces of peds; common medium flakes of mica; very strongly acid; clear smooth boundary. (5 to 20 inches thick)
Bt3--22 to 42 inches; brownish yellow (10YR 6/8) sandy clay; many medium distinct light gray (10YR 7/1) and common medium prominent dark reddish brown (2.5YR 3/4) mottles; weak medium subangular blocky structure; very firm, sticky, plastic; common medium roots along primary faces of peds; common prominent patchy clay films on primary faces of peds; common medium flakes of mica; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. (10 to 24 inches thick)
Bt4--42 to 52 inches; brownish yellow (10YR 6/8) sandy clay loam, many coarse prominent white (10YR 8/1) mottles; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; firm, common medium flakes of mica; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. (0 to 15 inches thick)
C1--52 to 72 inches; mottled brownish yellow (10YR 6/8) and light gray (10YR 7/1) sandy clay loam, massive, friable; common medium flakes of mica; very strongly acid; abrupt smooth boundary. (0 to 30 inches thick)
C2--72 to 76 inches; white (N 8/0) clay; massive; very firm; strongly acid.
C3--76 to 80 inches; light gray (10YR 7/1) gravelly sand, strongly acid.
TYPE LOCATION: Harnett County, North Carolina; 15 miles west of Lillington on NC 27, 0.4 mile west of Pineview; 0.4 mile north of subdivision road off NC 27, south bank of road.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Solum thickness ranges from 24 to 60 inches. All horizons are strongly or very strongly acid unless limed. Flakes of mica range from few to common in the B and C horizons. Quartz pebbles or fragments of ironstone range from 0 to 18 percent by volume throughout.
The Ap or A horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 1 to 3. The E horizon, if present, has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 5 to 7, and chroma of 2 to 4. The A and E horizons are loamy sand, sandy loam, gravelly loamy sand, or gravelly sandy loam.
The Bt horizon has hue of 7.5YR to 2.5Y, value of 5 to 7, and chroma of 3 to 8. Few to many mottles are present in the lower Bt horizon or it may be mottled with variegated colors. It is sandy clay, clay, clay loam, or thin transitional layers of sandy clay loam.
The Btg horizon, where present, has hue of 7.5YR to 2.5Y, value of 5 to 7, and chroma of 1 or 2. It is sandy loam, sandy clay loam, clay loam, or clay.
The C horizon has hue of 7.5YR to 2.5Y, value of 4 to 8, and chroma of 1 to 8, or it is neutral with value of 4 to 8. It may be mottled or contain mottled layers with both high and low chroma. It is clay, silty clay, sandy loam, sandy clay loam, clay loam, sand, or gravelly sand.
COMPETING SERIES: Hornsville is the only series in the same family. Other competitors are Appling, Blaney, Cowarts, Cuthbert, Dogue, Duplin, Esto, Eulonia, Gritney, Hulett, Marlboro, Mayodan, Nankin, Pelion, Uchee, Varina, Vaucluse, and Wedowee series. Hornsville soils are on smooth landscapes in the lower Southern Coastal Plain, have an apparent water table within 2.5 to 3.5 feet of the surface for 3 to 5 months in most years, and do not have flakes of mica in the argillic horizon. Appling, Cuthbert, Hulett, Marlboro, Mayodan, Nankin, Varina, and Wedowee soils lack mottles in chroma of 2 or less within the control section. In addition, Appling, Hulett, Mayodan, and Wedowee soils have saprolite beneath the solum. Blaney and Uchee soils have arenic surfaces. Cowarts, Pelion, and Vaucluse soils are fine-loamy. Cuthbert and Nankin soils have redder hue. Dogue, Eulonia, and Gritney soils have mixed mineralogy. Duplin soils have weaker structure in the upper part of the B2t horizon, have an apparent water table within 2 to 3 1/2 feet of the surface in wet periods, and lack a 20 percent decrease in clay from the maximum within 60 inches. Esto soils lack a 20 percent decrease in clay from the maximum within 60 inches. Varina soils are plinthic and Marlboro soils lack a 20 percent decrease in clay within 60 inches.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Gilead soils occur on highly dissected landscapes in the upper Coastal Plain. Typically these soils are in the Carolina and Georgia Sandhills MLRA. They occupy remnants of old stable surfaces, erosional surfaces, and to a lesser extent toe slopes. The slope gradient commonly is 2 to 15 percent, but the range is 0 to 25 percent. The soils formed in clayey Coastal Plain sediments. The mean annual temperature is 61 degrees F. and the mean annual precipitation is 47 inches near the type location.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: In addition to the competing Appling, Blaney, Cowarts, Pelion, Varina, Vaucluse, and Wedowee series, these are Blanton, Dothan, Fuquay, Lakeland, Lillington, Norfolk, Orangeburg, and Wagram series. Blanton soils have grossarenic surfaces. Blanton, Dothan, Fuquay, and Lakeland soils generally occupy the higher, smoother parts of the landscape. Dothan and Fuquay soils are plinthic, and in addition, Fuquay soils have arenic surfaces. Lakeland soils are sandy. Lillington soils are loamy-skeletal. Norfolk and Orangeburg soils are fine-loamy. Wagram soils have arenic surfaces.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Moderately well drained; permeability is moderately slow or slow; runoff is medium to rapid. Gilead soils perch water above the clayey Bt horizons for short periods during wet seasons.
USE AND VEGETATION: Native vegetation was mixed hardwoods and pine. Large acreages have been cleared and used for crops and pasture. The principal crops grown are corn, tobacco, cotton, soybeans, small grains, and truck and pasture crops. Native tree species include post oak, runner oak, blackjack oak, hickories, flowering dogwood, sweetgum, blackgum, loblolly pine, and longleaf pine.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: In the upper part of the Southern Coastal Plains of Alabama, Georgia, South Carolina, and North Carolina and the Carolina and Georgia Sandhills. The series is moderately extensive.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Raleigh, North Carolina
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Macon County, Alabama; 1938.
REMARKS: This series was revised in 1987 to change the classification from Typic Fragiudults to Aquic Hapludults and to move the type location from Alabama to North Carolina. This revision did not alter the concepts of the Gilead series; however, it does reflect a more accurate classification of the series.
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon - the zone from the surface to a depth of 5 inches (Ap horizon)
Argillic horizon -the zone between depths of 5 and 52 inches (Bt1, Bt2, Bt3, and Bt4 horizons)
MLRA's = 137, 133A
ADDITIONAL DATA: NONE
TABULAR SERIES DATA:
SOI-5 Soil Name Slope Airtemp FrFr/Seas Precip Elevation NC0130 GILEAD 0- 25 59- 68 190-240 38- 52 150- 450SOI-5 FloodL FloodH Watertable Kind Months Bedrock Hardness NC0130 NONE 1.5-2.5 PERCHED JAN-MAR 60-60
SOI-5 Depth Texture 3-Inch No-10 Clay% -CEC- NC0130 0- 5 LS GR-LS 0- 5 75-100 4-10 1- 2 NC0130 0- 5 SL GR-SL 0- 5 70-100 6-18 1- 4 NC0130 5- 8 SL SCL 0- 5 70-100 10-35 1- 4 NC0130 8-42 SC CL C 0- 5 85-100 35-60 3- 7 NC0130 42-72 SL SCL 0- 5 85-100 10-35 1- 4 NC0130 72-80 VAR - - - -
SOI-5 Depth -pH- O.M. Salin Permeab Shnk-Swll NC0130 0- 5 4.5- 5.5 .5-1. 0- 0 2.0- 6.0 LOW NC0130 0- 5 4.5- 5.5 .5-2. 0- 0 2.0- 6.0 LOW NC0130 5- 8 4.5- 5.5 0.-.5 0- 0 0.6- 2.0 LOW NC0130 8-42 4.5- 5.5 0.-.5 0- 0 0.06- 0.6 LOW NC0130 42-72 4.5- 5.5 0.-.5 0- 0 0.2- 0.6 LOW NC0130 72-80 4.5- 5.5 - 0- 0 -