LOCATION KINDRED ND MNEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, frigid Typic Endoaquolls
TYPICAL PEDON: Kindred silty clay loam - on a concave slope of less than 1 percent in a cultivated field. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated. Where described the soil was moist throughout.)
Ap--0 to 7 inches; black (10YR 2/1) silty clay loam, very dark gray (10YR 3/1) dry; moderate fine subangular and angular blocky structure; slightly hard, firm, sticky and plastic; many very fine roots; common very fine pores; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary.
A--7 to 13 inches; black (10YR 2/1) silty clay loam, very dark gray (10YR 3/1) dry; weak medium platy and moderate fine subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, firm, sticky and plastic; many very fine roots; many very fine pores; neutral; clear wavy boundary. (Combined A horizons 7 to 24 inches thick)
Bw--13 to 22 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) silty clay loam, dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry; moderate medium prismatic structure parting to moderate fine angular blocky; slightly hard, firm, sticky and plastic; common fine prominent dark olive brown (2.5Y 3/3) redoximorphic concentrations in the lower half; common very fine roots; many very fine pores; slightly alkaline; clear smooth boundary. (0 to 12 inches thick)
Bk1--22 to 31 inches; olive (5Y 5/3) silty clay loam, light gray (5Y 7/2) dry; weak medium and fine subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable, sticky and plastic; common fine distinct grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) redoximorphic depletions; few very fine roots; common very fine pores; violent effervescence; moderately alkaline; gradual wavy boundary.
Bk2--31 to 42 inches; light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/3) silty clay loam, pale yellow (2.5Y 7/3) dry; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable, sticky and plastic; many fine prominent gray (10YR 6/1) redoximorphic depletions and few fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) redoximorphic concentrations; common very fine pores; few irregularly shaped masses of lime; strong effervescence; moderately alkaline; gradual wavy boundary. (Combined Bk horizons 6 to 30 inches thick)
C1--42 to 53 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/3) varved silty clay loam and silt loam, pale yellow (2.5Y 7/3) dry; massive; slightly hard, firm, sticky and plastic; common fine prominent dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/6) redoximorphic concentrations and many fine prominent gray (10YR 6/1) redoximorphic depletions; few very fine pores; common nests of gypsum crystals; strong effervescence; moderately alkaline; clear wavy boundary.
C2--53 to 60 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/3) varved silty clay loam and silt loam, pale yellow (2.5Y 7/3) dry; massive; hard, firm, sticky and plastic; many medium prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) redoximorphic concentrations and gray (10YR 6/1) redoximorphic depletions; few very fine pores; strong effervescence; moderately alkaline.
TYPE LOCATION: Steele County, North Dakota; about 12 miles east of Finley; 2300 feet north and 465 feet west of southeast corner, sec. 30, T. 147 N., R. 54 W.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Thickness of the mollic epipedon ranges from about 10 to 24 inches. Depth to carbonates ranges from 16 to 36 inches.
The A horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 2 or 3 and 3 or 4 dry, and chroma of 1 or less. It is silt loam or silty clay loam. It is neutral or slightly alkaline.
The Bw horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 3 or 4 and 4 to 6 dry, and chroma of 1 or 2. It is silt loam or silty clay loam. It typically contains about 24 to 30 percent clay but ranges from 18 to 35 percent. It is neutral or slightly alkaline. It has weak or moderate grades of prismatic structure that parts to moderate or strong grades of medium or fine angular, subangular blocky or platy structure. Most pedons have few to common distinct or prominent high chroma redoximorphic features.
The Bk horizon has hue of 2.5Y or 5Y, value of 3 to 6 and 5 to 7 dry, and chroma of 1 to 4. It is silt loam or silty clay loam. Most pedons have few to many distinct or prominent redoximorphic features. It is slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline.
The C horizon has hue of 2.5Y or 5Y, value of 4 to 6 and 5 to 7 dry, and chroma of 1 to 4. It has many redoximorphic features with chroma of 1 to 6. It is silt, silt loam or silty clay loam, and is massive or varved. Coarser or finer textured sediments are below depths of 40 inches in some pedons. It is slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Bohnly, Perella and Zeege series. These soils have a seasonal high water table at a depth of 0.5 to 1.5 feet sometime during the period April through June.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Kindred soils are on flats and concave swales in glacial lake plains. Slope gradients are 0 to 2 percent. The soils formed in calcareous silt loam and silty clay loam lacustrine sediments. The climate is cool, subhumid. The mean annual air temperature ranges from about 38 to 45 degrees F., and the mean annual precipitation from 16 to 22 inches. Frost-free period ranges from 110 to 140 days. Elevation above sea level ranges from 650 to 2050 feet.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the competing Perella soils and the Bearden, Borup, Colvin, Gardena, Glyndon and Overly soils. Perella and Colvin soils are on slightly lower landscape positions. Bearden and Overly soils are on slightly higher positions on the lake plain. Bearden and Colvin soils have calcic horizons within depths of 16 inches. Overly soils do not have a wet soil moisture status above a depth of three feet and are moderately well drained. Borup, Gardena and Glyndon soils are on nearby lake plains and are coarse-silty.
DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Somewhat poorly drained. Runoff is negligible. Moderate or moderately slow saturated hydraulic conductivity. A seasonal high water table is at a depth of 1.5 foot to 3.5 feet sometime during the period April through June.
USE AND VEGETATION: Soils are cropped to small grains and row crops such as sugar beets. Native vegetation was big bluestem, switchgrass, western wheatgrass, and a variety of forbs.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: East-central North Dakota and the Red River Valley in eastern North Dakota and northwestern Minnesota. The soil is of moderate extent.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: St. Paul, Minnesota
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Richland County, North Dakota, 2005.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are: mollic epipedon - the zone from the surface of the soil to a depth of 22 inches (Ap, A, and Bw horizons); Aquoll suborder criteria - chroma of 1 in the lower part of the mollic epipedon and prominent redoximorphic concentrations (Bw horizon); calcic horizon - the zone from the 22 to 42 inches (Bk1 and Bk2 horizons).
Soils previously correlated as a somewhat poorly drained phase of the Perella series are included in the Kindred series. The Kindred soils are considered nonhydric.