LOCATION MISHAWAKA               IN

Established Series
Rev. RAB-TRZ
11/2021

MISHAWAKA SERIES

The Mishawaka series consists of very deep, excessively drained soils formed in sandy outwash on outwash plains and outwash terraces. Slope ranges from 0 to 1 percent. Mean annual precipitation is about 914 mm (36 inches), and mean annual temperature is about 10.0 degrees C (50 degrees F).

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Sandy, mixed, mesic Typic Hapludolls

TYPICAL PEDON: Mishawaka sandy loam, on a less than 1 percent slope in a cultivated field at an elevation of 236 meters (775 feet) above mean sea level. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)

Ap--0 to 30 cm (12 inches); very dark brown (10YR 2/2) sandy loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) dry; weak fine granular structure; very friable; common fine and medium roots throughout; slightly acid; abrupt smooth boundary. [20 to 30 cm (8 to 12 inches) thick]

Bt1--30 to 46 cm (12 to 18 inches); dark brown (7.5YR 3/3) sandy loam, brown (10YR 4/3) dry; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; very friable; many medium and coarse and common fine roots throughout; few faint very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) clay films on faces of peds and bridging between sand grains and gravel; 14 percent gravel; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. [8 to 20 cm (3 to 8 inches) thick]

Bt2--46 to 64 cm (18 to 25 inches); brown (7.5YR 4/3) gravelly loamy sand; weak fine subangular blocky structure; very friable; many medium and coarse and common fine roots throughout; few faint dark brown (10YR 3/3) clay films on faces of peds and bridging between sand grains and gravel; 31 percent gravel; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. [8 to 38 cm (3 to 15 inches) thick]

BC--64 to 81 cm (25 to 32 inches); dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) sand; weak fine subangular blocky structure; very friable; many coarse and common medium roots throughout; 1 percent gravel; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. [13 to 38 cm (5 to 15 inches) thick]

CB--81 to 147 cm (32 to 58 inches); yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) sand; single grain; loose; common coarse to fine roots throughout; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. [13 to 102 cm (5 to 40 inches) thick]

C1--147 to 178 cm (58 to 70 inches); brown (10YR 5/3) sand; single grain; loose; common coarse to fine roots throughout; 3 percent gravel; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. [0 to 51 cm (20 inches) thick]

C2--178 to 203 cm (70 to 80 inches); brown (10YR 5/3) coarse sand; single grain; loose; common coarse to fine roots throughout; 5 percent gravel; strongly acid.

TYPE LOCATION: Elkhart County, Indiana; about 1/2 mile southeast of Bristol; 1,590 feet east and 2,490 feet north of the southwest corner of sec. 26, T. 38 N., R. 6 E.; USGS Bristol, IN topographic quadrangle; lat. 41 degrees 42 minutes 0 seconds N. and long. 85 degrees 48 minutes 15 seconds W., NAD 27; UTM Zone 16, 599500 easting and 4617165 northing, NAD 83.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Thickness of the solum: 102 to 178 cm (40 to 70 inches)
Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 25 to 51 cm (10 to 20 inches)

Ap horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 2, 2.5, or 3
Chroma: 1 to 3
Texture: sandy loam
Rock fragment content: 0 to 14 percent gravel
Reaction: strongly acid to neutral

Bt horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 3 to 5
Chroma: 3 or 4
Texture: sandy loam or loamy sand, or their gravelly analogues
Rock fragment content: 0 to 34 percent gravel
Reaction: strongly acid or moderately acid

BC or CB horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 3 to 5
Chroma: 4 or 5
Texture: sand or fine sand
Rock fragment content: 0 to 14 percent gravel
Reaction: strongly acid or moderately acid

C horizon:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 5
Chroma: 3 or 4
Texture: sand or coarse sand
Rock fragment content: 0 to 14 percent gravel
Reaction: strongly acid or moderately acid

COMPETING SERIES: These are the Buckney, Burkhardt, Dickman, Estherville, Pilot Grove, and Round Lake series. Buckney, Dickman, Estherville, and Pilot Grove soils are less acid than moderately acid in the lower part of the series control section. Burkhardt soils have sola less than 102 cm (40 inches) thick. Round Lake series do not have textures with more than 70 percent sand in the lower part of the series control section.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Mishawaka soils are on swells on outwash plains and treads on outwash terraces. Slope ranges from 0 to 1 percent. Mishawaka soils formed in sandy outwash. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 813 to 1067 mm (32 to 42 inches). Mean annual temperature ranges from 7.8 to 12.2 degrees C (46 to 54 degrees F). Frost-free period is 130 to 180 days. Elevation is 178 to 471 meters (584 to 1,545 feet) above mean sea level.

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the excessively drained Bristol and Tyner soils. Bristol and Tyner soils do not have a mollic epipedon. They are on similar landforms.

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Excessively drained. Potential for surface runoff is negligible. Saturated hydraulic conductivity is high or very high. Permeability is rapid.

USE AND VEGETATION: Soils are used to grow corn, soybeans, and small grain. Some areas are used to grow vegetables. Irrigation is a common practice on cropped areas. A few areas are in trees or planted to Christmas trees.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: MLRA 98 in northern Indiana. The series is of small extent.

SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (SSRO) RESPONSIBLE: AMHERST, MASSACHUSETTS

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Elkhart County, Indiana, 1997.

REMARKS: Diagnostic features and horizons recognized in this pedon are:
Mollic epipedon: from the surface to a depth of 46 cm (18 inches) (Ap, Bt1 horizons).

NASIS Data Mapunit ID 124288 represents the typical pedon.

ADDITIONAL DATA: Lab characterization data is available for the typical pedon (S93IN-039-009) from the National Soil Survey Laboratory, Lincoln, NE.

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National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.